Naród, władza, społeczeństwo PDF Download

Author: Aleksandra Jasińska-Kania
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Social Science
Languages : pl
Pages : 518

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Księga dedykowana Jerzemu J. Wiatrowi.

Author: Geoffrey Evans
Publisher: OUP Oxford
ISBN: 019164062X
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 471

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Political Choice Matters investigates the extent to which class and religion influence party choice in contemporary democracies. Rather than the commonly-assumed process in which a weakening of social boundaries leads to declining social divisions in political preferences, this book's primary message is that the supply of choices by parties influences the extent of such divisions: hence, political choice matters. Combining overtime, cross-national data, and multi-level research designs the authors show how policy and programmatic positions adopted by parties provide voters with choice sets that accentuate or diminish the strength of political cleavages. The book gives central place to the positions of political parties on left-right, economically redistributive and morally conservative versus social liberal dimensions. Evidence on these positions is obtained primarily from the Comparative Manifesto Project, with a chapter dedicated to elaborating and validating the various implementations of this uniquely valuable source of evidence on party positions. The primary empirical focus includes case studies of 11 Western, Southern, and Central European societies as well as 'anglo-democracies' including Britain, USA, Canada, and Australia. These detailed analyses of election studies ranging in some cases from the post-war period until the early part of the 21st century are augmented by a pooled cross-national and overtime analysis of 15 Western democracies using a unique, combined dataset of 188 national surveys. The authors show that although there has been some overtime decline in the strength of association between social class and party choice, this is far smaller than the amount of change in the relationship occurring as a result of party movements on questions of inequality and redistribution. The strength of the religiosity cleavage is also influenced by changes in party positions on moral issues - changes that can be understood as a strategic response to a process of secularization that has weakened the electoral viability of parties deriving support from appeals to religious values.

Author: Ergun ™zbudun
Publisher: Central European University Press
ISBN: 9789639776302
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 164

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Book Description
The Turkish experience in constitution-making can be described as a series of missed opportunities to create political institutions based on broad consensus. None of the three republican constitutions (those of 1924, 1961, and 1982), nor the Ottoman Constitution of 1876 was written by a Constituent or a Legislative Assembly broadly representative of social forces or through a process of negotiations, bargaining, and compromise. Consequently, they all had weak political legitimacy. No doubt, the prospects of EU membership provided a powerful stimulus for these constitutional reforms as well as the nine harmonization packages. With these reforms, Turkey has sufficiently satisfied the Copenhagen political criteria and started accession negotiations with the EU. It would be wrong to assume, however, that these reforms were simply an outcome of Turkey's desire to join the EU. They also responded to the society's demands for a more democratic and liberal political system. Book jacket.

Author: Conor O'Dwyer
Publisher: JHU Press
ISBN: 0801889219
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 297

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Here, Conor O'Dwyer introduces the phenomenon of runaway state-building as a consequence of patronage politics in underdeveloped, noncompetitive party systems. Analyzing the cases of three newly democratized nations in Eastern Europe—Poland, the Czech Republic, and Slovakia—O’Dwyer argues that competition among political parties constrains patronage-led state expansion. O’Dwyer uses democratization as a starting point, examining its effects on other aspects of political development. Focusing on the link between electoral competition and state-building, he is able to draw parallels between the problems faced by these three nations and broader historical and contemporary problems of patronage politics—such as urban machines in nineteenth-century America and the Philippines after Marcos. This timely study provides political scientists and political reformers with insights into points in the democratization process where appropriate intervention can minimize runaway state-building and cultivate efficient bureaucracy within a robust and competitive democratic system.

Author: Ulrich Ammon
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1351654896
Category : Foreign Language Study
Languages : en
Pages : 684

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The Position of the German Language in the World focuses on the global position of German and the factors which work towards sustaining its use and utility for international communication. From the perspective of the global language constellation, the detailed data analysis of this substantial research project depicts German as an example of a second-rank language. The book also provides a model for analysis and description of international languages other than English. It offers a framework for strengthening the position of languages such as Arabic, Chinese, French, Portuguese, Spanish and others and for countering exaggerated claims about the global monopoly position of English. This comprehensive handbook of the state of the German language in the world was originally published in 2015 by Walter de Gruyter in German and has been critically acclaimed. Suitable for scholars and researchers of the German language, the handbook shows in detail how intricately and thoroughly German and other second-rank languages are tied up with a great number of societies and how these statistics support or weaken the languages’ functions and maintenance.

Author: Cengiz Erisen
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 131742736X
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 347

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Book Description
While Turkey has made major strides in democratic reforms in the late 1990s and early 2000s, progress has, in many ways, stalled. Turkey remains "democratic" in the sense that attaining political power depends upon winning votes, but in recent years its leadership has taken a majoritarian view of democracy and the country has faced problems on issues such as rule of law, freedom of speech, and increased polarization. This book explores the understanding and practice of democracy in Turkey since the early 2000s, analyzing its evolution in light of the parliamentary elections held in 2015. Adopting a more holistic approach in line with the writing of Wolfgang Merkel, it recognizes that a successful, consolidated democracy has various micro and macro-level foundations. The former includes factors such as political values, tolerance, identity, and civil society, while the latter includes political economy, party competition, and institutional development. This volume rejects purely descriptive assessments and instead employs theoretical perspectives to analyze a dynamic political environment. It brings together a range of noted specialists on Turkish politics and society, who employ different methodological approaches and frameworks to offer a distinct scholarly work on democratization in Turkey. A thorough analysis of the problems of democratic consolidation, alongside an awareness of the theoretical and methodological debates in the discipline, make this book essential reading for students, scholars and policymakers interested in Turkish politics, as well as democratization and democratic transitions more generally.

Author: Alexis de Tocqueville
Publisher: Wydawnictwo Estymator
ISBN: 8366719294
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 61

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Book Description
Książka ta stanowi klucz do wszelkiej refleksji nad problemem zmiany społecznej i rewolucji. Zawarte w niej treści tworzą podwaliny współczesnej politologii i socjologii. Co ważne, większość spostrzeżeń Tocqueville'a została potwierdzona przez współczesną naukę. Osią rozważań Tocqueville'a są pytania o przyczyny wybuchu Rewolucji Francuskiej i jej skutki. Autor pokazuje, że rewolucja nie tyle tworzy nowy ustrój, ile wydobywa na jaw i utrwala rozwiązania społeczne i instytucjonalne, które istniały już przed nią. Argumentuje, że ciągłość wygrywa tu z retoryką gwałtownej przemiany, z ideologią postępu i oświecenia. Pokazuje, że wielki marsz ku równości może prowadzić w kierunku wręcz przeciwnym. Alexis de Tocqueville (1805-1859) był jednym z najważniejszych myślicieli w XIX wieku. Był zwolennikiem demokracji, ale dostrzegał też jej liczne słabości. Uważał, że godna poparcia jest tylko taka demokracja, która nie zagraża wolności i autonomii jednostki. KSIĘGA PIERWSZA I. Sprzeczne sądy o Rewolucji były już w chwili jej powstania. II. Ostatecznym celem Rewolucji nie było zniesienie władzy religijnej, a osłabienie politycznej. III. Dlaczego Rewolucja francuska, będąc rewolucją polityczną, przypominała przewroty religijne? IV. Cała niemal Europa miała jednakowe instytucje i one wszędzie upadły. V. Jaki był rezultat Rewolucji? KSIĘGA DRUGA I. Dlaczego prawa feudalne zostały znienawidzone przez lud francuski więcej, niż gdzie indziej? II. Centralizacja administracyjna jest dziełem dawnych rządów, nie zaś Rewolucji lub cesarstwa. III. Tak zwana opieka rządowa jest wytworem dawnych rządów. IV. Sprawiedliwość administracyjna i wyjęcie urzędników z pod sądu były instytucjami przedrewolucyjnymi. V. Jak mogła centralizacja ogarnąć dawne władze i zastąpić je nie burząc ich. VI. O zwyczajach administracyjnych za dawnych rządów. VII. Już przed Rewolucją Paryż miał przewagę nad prowincjami i wchłaniał całość państwa, jak nigdzie w Europie. VIII. Francja stała się krajem, którego mieszkańcy byli najbardziej podobnymi do siebie. IX. Ludzie, tak do siebie podobni, dzielili się na drobne gromadki obce i obojętne dla siebie. X. Jakim sposobem zniesienie wolności politycznej i rozdział klas wytworzyły prawie wszystkie choroby społeczne, które zburzyły dawny ustrój. XI. O wolności szczególnej, która spotykała się za dawnych rządów i o jej wpływie na Rewolucję. XII. Nie zważając na postęp cywilizacji, położenie włościanina we Francji gorsze było w XVIII w. niż w XIII. KSIĘGA TRZECIA I. Około połowy XVIII w. literaci stali się głównymi mężami stanu we Francji i jakie stąd wynikły następstwa. II. Jakim sposobem niewiara mogła stać się ogólną i przeważną namiętnością Francuzów w XVIII w. i jaki wpływ wywarło to na Rewolucję? III. Francuzi dążyli do reform wprzód niż do swobód. IV. O tym, że panowanie Ludwika XIV należało do najszczęśliwszych okresów dawnej monarchii i w jaki sposób okoliczność ta przyśpieszyła Rewolucję? V. Jak doprowadzono lud do powstania, chcąc ulżyć jego położeniu? VI. O pewnych sposobach, którymi rząd zakończył wychowanie rewolucyjne ludu. VII. Rewolucję polityczną poprzedził doniosły przewrót administracyjny i jakie to miało następstwa. VIII. Wszystko poprzednie doprowadziło samo z siebie do Rewolucji.

Author: Zbigniew Rau
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1000305112
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 241

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The turmoil that shook Eastern Europe in the late 1980s and challenged traditional centers of power in the Soviet Union has touched off an intense debate about the forces behind the recent collapse of Soviet-type systems. Civil society, a key concept in the debate, is the focus of this thought-provoking volume, which contrasts the views of Eastern scholars and activists in independent movements against those of Western academics. The authors' various perspectives on the struggle between the people and their governments highlight different facets of civil society, providing new insights into its definition, origin, and function within a nation's public life.

Author: Mirosław Wyrzykowski
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Constitutional law
Languages : en
Pages : 480

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Author: Karin Friedrich
Publisher: BRILL
ISBN: 9004169830
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 340

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Book Description
This work is an attempt to change thinking not only on the political practice and the role of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in a European context (both East and West), but to also connect the early modern past with present notions of citizenship and participatory political systems.