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Author: Vahagn Mkhitaryan Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 147
Book Description
Photonics is a key enabling technology for many applications ranging from communications to energy and medicine. Its success is largely relying on our capability to appropriately control light in optical devices. To this end, the understanding of light-matter interaction occurring in the devices is a crucial element for finding effective solutions to the challenges posed by the targeted applications. This thesis is devoted to understand light-matter interaction in periodic nanostructures and ultrathin films and create modelling and design tools for functional optical devices, some of them demonstrated experimentally. We start by investigating the needed theoretical methods for describing the interaction of light with surface periodic nanostructures. We carry out a comprehensive study of the transmission, reflection and dispersion properties of 2D periodic arrays and their stacks, including, the study of more complex structures as well, such as, defects in periodic lattices, random arrays of scatterers and multicomponent lattices, and the calculation of the local density of electromagnetic states in the array. We then show how to use the developed theory to design and understand the behaviours of application-specific devices/structures, made of 2D periodic structures and multilayer stack of thin films. A first device demonstrator consists in periodic arrays of nanoholes performated in a gold film covered with Ge2Sb2Te5 (GST), a phase change material layer.We investigate the effect of GST¿s phase transitions on the transmission resonances of these structures. Wavelength shifts as large as 385 nm are demonstrated in configurations with broad resonances. Additionally, excitation of GST with short pulses allows ultrafast tuning of these resonances in the ps regime without producing any phase transition. Finally, tuning of narrower resonances with shifts of 13 nm is also demonstrated. In a second device demonstrator, a perfect absorber, we show how interference effects, occurring in multilayer thin film structures, can be exploited to achieve nearly 100% absorption. Two perfect absorption regimes are identified: the first one broadband and in the visible; the second one resonant and in the near infrared (NIR) region of the wavelengths. We show that the proposed method enables conceptually simple devices that are easy to fabricate. Moreover, we show that GST constitutes an essential layer for a new class of optical absorbers that can be dynamically tuned. In contrast, previous structures required cumbersome fabrication steps and were not dynamically tunable. In a third device demonstrator, a structure with multilayer thin films is used to design and fabricate an anti-reflective, highly transparent electrode, with world-record low sheet electrical resistance and high optical transmission. In summary, the thesis capitalizes on modelling tools for light-matter interaction at the nano-scale, which are adapted to a general class of device structures and allow us to design optical surfaces based on thin films and nano-structuring with unprecedented performance. This is demonstrated through the design and experimental realization of resonant optical filters with very large tunability, perfect absorbers with very high dynamic range and transparent electrodes with record electro-optical performance.
Author: Vahagn Mkhitaryan Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 147
Book Description
Photonics is a key enabling technology for many applications ranging from communications to energy and medicine. Its success is largely relying on our capability to appropriately control light in optical devices. To this end, the understanding of light-matter interaction occurring in the devices is a crucial element for finding effective solutions to the challenges posed by the targeted applications. This thesis is devoted to understand light-matter interaction in periodic nanostructures and ultrathin films and create modelling and design tools for functional optical devices, some of them demonstrated experimentally. We start by investigating the needed theoretical methods for describing the interaction of light with surface periodic nanostructures. We carry out a comprehensive study of the transmission, reflection and dispersion properties of 2D periodic arrays and their stacks, including, the study of more complex structures as well, such as, defects in periodic lattices, random arrays of scatterers and multicomponent lattices, and the calculation of the local density of electromagnetic states in the array. We then show how to use the developed theory to design and understand the behaviours of application-specific devices/structures, made of 2D periodic structures and multilayer stack of thin films. A first device demonstrator consists in periodic arrays of nanoholes performated in a gold film covered with Ge2Sb2Te5 (GST), a phase change material layer.We investigate the effect of GST¿s phase transitions on the transmission resonances of these structures. Wavelength shifts as large as 385 nm are demonstrated in configurations with broad resonances. Additionally, excitation of GST with short pulses allows ultrafast tuning of these resonances in the ps regime without producing any phase transition. Finally, tuning of narrower resonances with shifts of 13 nm is also demonstrated. In a second device demonstrator, a perfect absorber, we show how interference effects, occurring in multilayer thin film structures, can be exploited to achieve nearly 100% absorption. Two perfect absorption regimes are identified: the first one broadband and in the visible; the second one resonant and in the near infrared (NIR) region of the wavelengths. We show that the proposed method enables conceptually simple devices that are easy to fabricate. Moreover, we show that GST constitutes an essential layer for a new class of optical absorbers that can be dynamically tuned. In contrast, previous structures required cumbersome fabrication steps and were not dynamically tunable. In a third device demonstrator, a structure with multilayer thin films is used to design and fabricate an anti-reflective, highly transparent electrode, with world-record low sheet electrical resistance and high optical transmission. In summary, the thesis capitalizes on modelling tools for light-matter interaction at the nano-scale, which are adapted to a general class of device structures and allow us to design optical surfaces based on thin films and nano-structuring with unprecedented performance. This is demonstrated through the design and experimental realization of resonant optical filters with very large tunability, perfect absorbers with very high dynamic range and transparent electrodes with record electro-optical performance.
Author: Mark L. Brongersma Publisher: Springer ISBN: 1402043333 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 270
Book Description
This book discusses a new class of photonic devices, known as surface plasmon nanophotonic structures. The book highlights several exciting new discoveries, while providing a clear discussion of the underlying physics, the nanofabrication issues, and the materials considerations involved in designing plasmonic devices with new functionality. Chapters written by the leaders in the field of plasmonics provide a solid background to each topic.
Author: Hilmi Volkan Demir Publisher: Cambridge University Press ISBN: 1107145503 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 453
Book Description
An accessible yet rigorous introduction to nanophotonics, covering basic principles, technology, and applications in lighting, lasers, and photovoltaics. Providing a wealth of information on materials and devices, and over 150 color figures, it is the 'go-to' guide for students in electrical engineering taking courses in nanophotonics.
Author: Babak Anasori Publisher: Springer Nature ISBN: 3030190269 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 534
Book Description
This book describes the rapidly expanding field of two-dimensional (2D) transition metal carbides and nitrides (MXenes). It covers fundamental knowledge on synthesis, structure, and properties of these new materials, and a description of their processing, scale-up and emerging applications. The ways in which the quickly expanding family of MXenes can outperform other novel nanomaterials in a variety of applications, spanning from energy storage and conversion to electronics; from water science to transportation; and in defense and medical applications, are discussed in detail.
Author: Federico Capasso Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG ISBN: 3110710684 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 783
Book Description
This book provides a cutting-edge research overview on the latest developments in the field of Optics and Photonics. All chapters are authored by the pioneers in their field and will cover the developments in Quantum Photonics, Optical properties of 2D Materials, Optical Sensors, Organic Opto-electronics, Nanophotonics, Metamaterials, Plasmonics, Quantum Cascade lasers, LEDs, Biophotonics and biomedical photonics and spectroscopy.
Author: Masakazu Sugiyama Publisher: Springer ISBN: 3319254006 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 472
Book Description
This book explains the conversion of solar energy to chemical energy and its storage. It covers the basic background; interface modeling at the reacting surface; energy conversion with chemical, electrochemical and photoelectrochemical approaches and energy conversion using applied photosynthesis. The important concepts for converting solar to chemical energy are based on an understanding of the reactions’ equilibrium and non-equilibrium conditions. Since the energy conversion is essentially the transfer of free energy, the process are explained in the context of thermodynamics.
Author: Valentin G. Dmitriev Publisher: Springer ISBN: 3662138301 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 230
Book Description
Since the invention of the first laser 30 years ago, the frequency conversion of laser radiation in nonlinear optical crystals has become an important technique widely used in quantum electronics and laser physics for solving various scientific and engineering problems. The fundamental physics of three-wave light interactions in nonlinear optical crystals is now largely understood. This has enabled the production of the various harmonic generators, sum and difference frequency generators, and parametric oscillators based on nonlinear crystals that are now commercially available. At the same time, scientists continue an active search for novel high-efficiency optical materials. Therefore, in our opinion, there is a great need for a handbook of nonlinear optical crystals, intended for specialists and practitioners with an engineering background. This book contains a complete description of the properties and applications of all nonlinear crystals reported in the literature up to the beginning of 1990. In addition, it contains the most important equations for calculating the main parameters (such as phase-matching direction, effective non-linearity, and conversion efficiency) of nonlinear frequency converters.
Author: Paras N. Prasad Publisher: John Wiley & Sons ISBN: 0471670243 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 433
Book Description
The only comprehensive treatment of nanophotonics currently available Photonics is an all-encompassing optical science and technology which has impacted a diverse range of fields, from information technology to health care. Nanophotonics is photonic science and technology that utilizes light-matter interactions on the nanoscale, where researchers are discovering new phenomena and developing technologies that go well beyond what is possible with conventional photonics and electronics. These new technologies could include efficient solar power generation, high-bandwidth and high-speed communications, high-capacity data storage, and flexible- and high-contrast displays. In addition, nanophotonics will continue to impact biomedical technologies by providing new and powerful diagnostic techniques, as well as light-guided and activated therapies. Nanophotonics provides the only available comprehensive treatment of this exciting, multidisciplinary field, offering a wide range of topics covering: * Foundations * Materials * Applications * Theory * Fabrication Nanophotonics introduces students to important and timely concepts and provides scientists and engineers with a cutting-edge reference. The book is intended for anyone who wishes to learn about light-matter interactions on the nanoscale, as well as applications of photonics for nanotechnology and nanobiotechnology. Written by an acknowledged leader in the field, this text provides an essential resource for those interested in the future of materials science and engineering, nanotechnology, and photonics.
Author: Robert Thomson Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 3319000179 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 385
Book Description
The field of ultrafast nonlinear optics is broad and multidisciplinary, and encompasses areas concerned with both the generation and measurement of ultrashort pulses of light, as well as those concerned with the applications of such pulses. Ultrashort pulses are extreme events – both in terms of their durations, and also the high peak powers which their short durations can facilitate. These extreme properties make them powerful experiment tools. On one hand, their ultrashort durations facilitate the probing and manipulation of matter on incredibly short timescales. On the other, their ultrashort durations can facilitate high peak powers which can drive highly nonlinear light-matter interaction processes. Ultrafast Nonlinear Optics covers a complete range of topics, both applied and fundamental in nature, within the area of ultrafast nonlinear optics. Chapters 1 to 4 are concerned with the generation and measurement of ultrashort pulses. Chapters 5 to 7 are concerned with fundamental applications of ultrashort pulses in metrology and quantum control. Chapters 8 and 9 are concerned with ultrafast nonlinear optics in optical fibres. Chapters 10 to 13 are concerned with the applications of ultrashort pulses in areas such as particle acceleration, microscopy, and micromachining. The chapters are aimed at graduate-student level and are intended to provide the student with an accessible, self-contained and comprehensive gateway into each subject.
Author: Ewa Schab-Balcerzak Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand ISBN: 9533076933 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 230
Book Description
In recent years, great focus has been placed upon polymer thin films. These polymer thin films are important in many technological applications, ranging from coatings and adhesives to organic electronic devices, including sensors and detectors. Electrochemical polymerization is preferable, especially if the polymeric product is intended for use as polymer thin films, because electrogeneration allows fine control over the film thickness, an important parameter for fabrication of devices. Moreover, it was demonstrated that it is possible to modify the material properties by parameter control of the electrodeposition process. Electrochemistry is an excellent tool, not only for synthesis, but also for characterization and application of various types of materials. This book provides a timely overview of a current state of knowledge regarding the use of electropolymerization for new materials preparation, including conducting polymers and various possibilities of applications.