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Author: Cheng-kai Luo Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 110
Book Description
Growing demand for multi-band wireless systems has emphasized tunable highly linear filtering without sacrificing cost or form factor. The 3G/4G frequency-division duplex (FDD) cellular systems such as long-term evolution (LTE) are more prone to interference from strong blockers associated primarily with the co-located transmit signal. In an LTE receiver (RX), transmit signal introduces a strong out-of-band (OOB) blocker, transmit (TX) leakage, placing stringent linearity and power-handling capability requirements at the diversity RXs. In conventional multi-band systems, a large number of SAW filters are used and single-pole multi-throw switches select the appropriate SAW filter for the desired channel. The cascaded insertion loss of the filter and switch, impose a significant noise performance degradation. Therefore, filtering solutions that are tunable, blocker tolerant, and highly linear are critical to extending multi-band schemes. In this research work, tunable filters are proposed with offset band-reject filtering to address TX leakage. First, a N-path filter is demonstrated in 45-nm CMOS SOI technology and consists of a combination of tunable band-pass and band-reject filtering. A tunable filter was presented with more than a decade tuning range, high linearity and blocker tolerance for a SAW-less diversity path receiver in FDD cellular systems. The 3-dB bandwidth (BW) of the pass band is greater than 80 MHz with an independently tunable reject band, providing the ultimate rejection is 33 dB to 41 dB while the pass band insertion loss is between 2.6 dB and 4.3 dB over the tuning range. The proposed filter offers 29-dBm OOB 3rd-order input-intercept power (IIP3) and 22-dBm in band (IB) IIP3 with a 10-dBm blocker 1-dB compression point (B1dB). Then, A channel-selecting low-noise amplifier (CS-LNA) with blocker filtering is presented for a SAW-less diversity path receiver in frequency-division duplexing cellular systems. A hybrid-path bandpass filter/band-reject filter (BPF/BRF) feedback network is applied to the LNA to create close-in reject bands around the passband to suppress transmit leakage and improve the out-of-band (OOB) input-referred third-order intercept point (IIP3). Control of the frequency and depth of the reject bands is demonstrated with analysis and simulation. A cancellation linearization is applied to improve the in-band (IB) linearity. Adaptive LO swing and silicon-on-insulator (SOI) thick-oxide devices are demonstrated to improve the power-handling capability. The proposed CS-LNA is implemented in 32-nm CMOS SOI and operates from 0.4 to 6 GHz with the maximum rejection larger than 60 dB and power-handling capability up to 17 dBm. The prototype demonstrates an OOB IIP3 of 36 dBm and IB IIP3 of 10 dBm at 1 GHz. To the authors' knowledge, this is the highest blocker rejection, power-handling capability, linearity, and the widest tuning range for an LNA with tunable filtering.
Author: Cheng-kai Luo Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 110
Book Description
Growing demand for multi-band wireless systems has emphasized tunable highly linear filtering without sacrificing cost or form factor. The 3G/4G frequency-division duplex (FDD) cellular systems such as long-term evolution (LTE) are more prone to interference from strong blockers associated primarily with the co-located transmit signal. In an LTE receiver (RX), transmit signal introduces a strong out-of-band (OOB) blocker, transmit (TX) leakage, placing stringent linearity and power-handling capability requirements at the diversity RXs. In conventional multi-band systems, a large number of SAW filters are used and single-pole multi-throw switches select the appropriate SAW filter for the desired channel. The cascaded insertion loss of the filter and switch, impose a significant noise performance degradation. Therefore, filtering solutions that are tunable, blocker tolerant, and highly linear are critical to extending multi-band schemes. In this research work, tunable filters are proposed with offset band-reject filtering to address TX leakage. First, a N-path filter is demonstrated in 45-nm CMOS SOI technology and consists of a combination of tunable band-pass and band-reject filtering. A tunable filter was presented with more than a decade tuning range, high linearity and blocker tolerance for a SAW-less diversity path receiver in FDD cellular systems. The 3-dB bandwidth (BW) of the pass band is greater than 80 MHz with an independently tunable reject band, providing the ultimate rejection is 33 dB to 41 dB while the pass band insertion loss is between 2.6 dB and 4.3 dB over the tuning range. The proposed filter offers 29-dBm OOB 3rd-order input-intercept power (IIP3) and 22-dBm in band (IB) IIP3 with a 10-dBm blocker 1-dB compression point (B1dB). Then, A channel-selecting low-noise amplifier (CS-LNA) with blocker filtering is presented for a SAW-less diversity path receiver in frequency-division duplexing cellular systems. A hybrid-path bandpass filter/band-reject filter (BPF/BRF) feedback network is applied to the LNA to create close-in reject bands around the passband to suppress transmit leakage and improve the out-of-band (OOB) input-referred third-order intercept point (IIP3). Control of the frequency and depth of the reject bands is demonstrated with analysis and simulation. A cancellation linearization is applied to improve the in-band (IB) linearity. Adaptive LO swing and silicon-on-insulator (SOI) thick-oxide devices are demonstrated to improve the power-handling capability. The proposed CS-LNA is implemented in 32-nm CMOS SOI and operates from 0.4 to 6 GHz with the maximum rejection larger than 60 dB and power-handling capability up to 17 dBm. The prototype demonstrates an OOB IIP3 of 36 dBm and IB IIP3 of 10 dBm at 1 GHz. To the authors' knowledge, this is the highest blocker rejection, power-handling capability, linearity, and the widest tuning range for an LNA with tunable filtering.
Author: Miguel D. Fernandes Publisher: Springer ISBN: 3319189204 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 115
Book Description
This book demonstrates how to design a wideband receiver operating in current mode, in which the noise and non-linearity are reduced, implemented in a low cost single chip, using standard CMOS technology. The authors present a solution to remove the transimpedance amplifier (TIA) block and connect directly the mixer’s output to a passive second-order continuous-time Σ∆ analog to digital converter (ADC), which operates in current-mode. These techniques enable the reduction of area, power consumption, and cost in modern CMOS receivers.
Author: Chris Michael Thomas Publisher: ISBN: 9781321914085 Category : Languages : en Pages : 141
Book Description
This research aims at creating broadband tunable, fully integrated filters for the application of cognitive radio and signal classification receivers. The approach under study is the N-path filter technique which is capable of translating a baseband impedance to a reference frequency creating a tunable filter. The traditional N-path filter suffers from fundamental architectural limitations, namely: a trade-off between insertion loss and out-of-band rejection, reference clock feed-through, and jammer power handling limitations. In the first approach, the fundamental trade-off of the traditional N-path filter between insertion loss and out-of-band rejection is improved by a transmission line (T-line) N-path filter technique. The T-line N-path filter ideally absorbs the parasitic capacitance of the N-path filter into a synthetic transmission line, improving insertion loss. Moreover, the out-of-band rejection is improved by further low-pass filtering. A transmission line N-path filter was implemented in a 65 nm CMOS process that achieves a tunable band-pass filter with tunable pass-band range of 0.1-to-1.6 GHz, less than 5 dB insertion loss, 30 dB to 50 dB out-of-band rejection, in-band IIP3 of +29 dBm, and IP1dB out-of-band jammer tolerance of +11 dBm. In the second approach, a pseudorandom clocking scheme for an N-path bandpass filter is presented, which lowers the LO leakage to the filter's input and output. Measurements of a 65 nm CMOS prototype from 100 MHz to 1.4 GHz demonstrate 15 dB out-of-band rejection, P1dB of +0 dBm, in-band IIP3 of +22 dBm, out-of-band jammer tolerance of +11 dBm, and LO leakage improvement of 10 dB to 15 dB with magnitude ranging from -60 dBm to -80 dBm. Lastly, a GaN HEMT bandpass N-path filter is demonstrated for high jammer tolerance. Measurements from 50 MHz to 300 MHz of a series architecture implemented in hybrid form with Cree bare die in 400 nm technology demonstrate a IP1dB of +10 dBm, IIP3 of +24.6 dBm, and a IP1dB out-of-band jammer tolerance of +17 dBm. As an example application for the tunable front-end filter, a signal classification receiver (Cognitive radio Low-energy signal Analysis Senor IC - DARPA CLASIC program) topology is presented. The CLASIC receiver is a multi-antenna receiver that channelizes, separates, and then classifies signals within a band of interest. A key building block of the CLASIC receiver is the baseband channelizer that allows for parallel signal separation in the following stages in the receiver. Measurements were performed on a 1-to-16 BiCMOS channelizer to demonstrate feasibility. Current research avenues and potential future investigations are reviewed in the conclusion.
Author: Rui Paulo da Silva Martins Publisher: Springer Nature ISBN: 3031222318 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 316
Book Description
This book provides readers with a single-source reference to the state-of-the-art in analog and mixed-signal circuit design in nanoscale CMOS. Renowned authors from academia describe creative circuit solutions and techniques, in state-of-the-art designs, enabling readers to deal with today’s technology demands for high integration levels with a strong miniaturization capability.
Author: Allston L. Jones Publisher: ISBN: Category : Digital filters (Mathematics) Languages : en Pages : 96
Book Description
The paper has five major sections. In the first, the periodic time varying network with N-identical paths operating between modulators is examined theoretically by the use of Laplace transforms. The transfer function is derived generally and then expanded for sinusoidal and rectangular modulation. In both cases the low-pass to band-pass characteristic is retained assuming low-pass elements in each path. The next section investigates theoretically, the effects of using other than low-pass elements in the N-paths. The results are such that, if a high-pass, first order all-pass, or a simple band-pass are used in the N-paths the resultant transfer function became a variable attenuator, a notch filter or a pair of adjacent band-pass filters respectively. The third major area is that of switching variations. A more practically oriented configuration is introduced, its transfer function variations are determined and then parallel switching is discussed. In the last sections, the real world tolerances and other variations of the components are accounted for in the transfer function of the N-path filter and their effects are noted in five disturbance categories, most serious of which are the variations in the modulating waveforms. Then finally there is a detailed implementation of an N-path filter for use in an IF of an AM/FM receiver which was introduced earlier in the literature. This application makes use of electronic bandwidth and frequency variations. (Author).
Author: Silvian Spiridon Publisher: Springer ISBN: 3319327593 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 112
Book Description
This book introduces a new intuitive design methodology for the optimal design path for next-generation software defined radio front-ends (SDRXs). The methodology described empowers designers to "attack" the multi-standard environment in a parallel way rather than serially, providing a critical tool for any design methodology targeting 5G circuits and systems. Throughout the book the SDRX design follows the key wireless standards of the moment (i.e., GSM, WCDMA, LTE, Bluetooth, WLAN), since a receiver compatible with these standards is the most likely candidate for the first design iteration in a 5G deployment. The author explains the fundamental choice the designer has to make regarding the optimal channel selection: how much of the blockers/interferers will be filtered in the analog domain and how much will remain to be filtered in the digital domain. The system-level analysis the author describes entails the direct sampling architecture is treated as a particular case of mixer-based direct conversion architecture. This allows readers give a power consumption budget to determine how much filtering is required on the receive path, by considering the ADC performance characteristics and the corresponding blocker diagram.
Author: Zhicheng Lin Publisher: Springer ISBN: 3319215248 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 119
Book Description
This book provides readers with a state-of-the-art description of techniques to be used for ultra-low-power (ULP) and ultra-low-cost (ULC), short-range wireless receivers. Readers will learn what is required to deploy these receivers in short-range wireless sensor networks, which are proliferating widely to serve the internet of things (IoT) for “smart cities.” The authors address key challenges involved with the technology and the typical tradeoffs between ULP and ULC. Three design examples with advanced circuit techniques are described in order to address these trade-offs, which special focus on cost minimization. These three techniques enable respectively, cascading of radio frequency (RF) and baseband (BB) circuits under an ultra-low-voltage (ULV) supply, cascading of RF and BB circuits in current domain for current reuse and a novel function-reuse receiver architecture, suitable for ULV and multi-band ULP applications such as the sub-GHz ZigBee.
Author: Kofi A.A. Makinwa Publisher: Springer ISBN: 3319211854 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 332
Book Description
This book is based on the 18 tutorials presented during the 24th workshop on Advances in Analog Circuit Design. Expert designers present readers with information about a variety of topics at the frontier of analog circuit design, including low-power and energy-efficient analog electronics, with specific contributions focusing on the design of efficient sensor interfaces and low-power RF systems. This book serves as a valuable reference to the state-of-the-art, for anyone involved in analog circuit research and development.
Author: Cheng-kai Luo
Author: Cheng-kai Luo
Author: Miguel D. Fernandes
Author: Chris Michael Thomas
Author: Rui Paulo da Silva Martins
Author: Allston L. Jones
Author: Massoud Tohidian
Author: Silvian Spiridon
Author: Zhicheng Lin
Author: Cody Jackson Ellington
Author: Kofi A.A. Makinwa