Multitemporal Remote Sensing of Landscape Pattern Dynamics Resulting from Mountain Pine Beetle Infestation and Timber Harvest PDF Download
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Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
Occurring over multiple years and impacting an area over 13 million hectares to date, the current epidemic of mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins) in British Columbia lends itself to the use of remote sensing technologies for monitoring purposes. Change detection procedures based upon spectral values are common; however, monitoring changes in landscape pattern presents opportunities for the generation of unique and ecologically important information. Furthermore, while the use of two images may provide the means to identify change, the use of more than two images affords the ability for long-term monitoring and characterization of processes such as change rates and dynamics. The initial component of this study consists of a literature review undertaken to investigate and summarize methods and applications of landscape pattern analysis using three or more image dates. This information was in turn used to make recommendations for the application of landscape pattern analysis of a time-series of remotely-sensed data to a case study involving mountain pine beetle infestation and timber harvesting. Following the review, we focused on the detection and monitoring of lodgepole pine stands in order to quantify the progression of forest fragmentation and loss of connectivity as a result of mountain pine beetle infestation and timber harvest. This was accomplished using a key set of landscape pattern indices applied to six Landsat satellite images spanning 1993 to 2006. Through our analysis we found that the impacts of the mountain pine beetle on forest spatial pattern consist of an increase in the number of forest patches, shape complexity, and patch isolation, and a decrease in forest patch size and interspersion. In addition, we determined that in a spatial context, mountain pine beetle infestation plays a significantly greater role in forest fragmentation and loss of connectivity than timber harvest. However, we also discuss the limitations of these find.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
Occurring over multiple years and impacting an area over 13 million hectares to date, the current epidemic of mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins) in British Columbia lends itself to the use of remote sensing technologies for monitoring purposes. Change detection procedures based upon spectral values are common; however, monitoring changes in landscape pattern presents opportunities for the generation of unique and ecologically important information. Furthermore, while the use of two images may provide the means to identify change, the use of more than two images affords the ability for long-term monitoring and characterization of processes such as change rates and dynamics. The initial component of this study consists of a literature review undertaken to investigate and summarize methods and applications of landscape pattern analysis using three or more image dates. This information was in turn used to make recommendations for the application of landscape pattern analysis of a time-series of remotely-sensed data to a case study involving mountain pine beetle infestation and timber harvesting. Following the review, we focused on the detection and monitoring of lodgepole pine stands in order to quantify the progression of forest fragmentation and loss of connectivity as a result of mountain pine beetle infestation and timber harvest. This was accomplished using a key set of landscape pattern indices applied to six Landsat satellite images spanning 1993 to 2006. Through our analysis we found that the impacts of the mountain pine beetle on forest spatial pattern consist of an increase in the number of forest patches, shape complexity, and patch isolation, and a decrease in forest patch size and interspersion. In addition, we determined that in a spatial context, mountain pine beetle infestation plays a significantly greater role in forest fragmentation and loss of connectivity than timber harvest. However, we also discuss the limitations of these find.
Author: Lu Liang Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 110
Book Description
Mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae; MPB) population has existed at endemic levels in the pine forests of western North America for centuries, but in recent decades it grew to epidemic levels and outbroke over extensive areas from British Columba in Canada to New Mexico in the United States. The current MPB outbreaks have impacted large expanses of lodgepole and ponderosa pine forests, reduced their ability to act as carbon sinks, altered wildfire hazards, affected wildlife populations, changed regional climate, modified local surface energy balance and water quality. Those effects are predicted to increase as a consequence of the direct and indirect effects of climate changes. Despite severe impacts of MPB, substantial unknowns and uncertainties still exist about its historical and current spatial-temporal patterns, future potential distributions, disturbance regime characteristics, ways of interaction with other major disturbance events, and impacts on forest resilience mechanisms. In this dissertation, I first explored the potential of medium resolution satellite imagery in mapping the chronic insect disturbance in the Southern Rocky Mountains Ecoregion. A forest-growth trend analysis method that integrates temporal trajectories in Landsat images and decision tree techniques was introduced to derive annual forest disturbance maps over a period of one decade. This workflow is able to capture the disturbance events as represented by spectral-temporal segments after the removal of observational noises from temporal trajectories in Landsat images, and efficiently recognizes and attributes events based on the characteristics of the segments. Higher overall accuracy (OA) was achieved when compared with the traditional single-date classifications, and a smaller number of training sample units is required compared with maximum likelihood and random forest classifiers. To test the feasibility of the trajectory-based approach at broader scales, I advanced this method by replacing the decision tree based semi-automatic event labeling procedure with an automatic attribution step via random forest, which was run on a set of segment features containing information on spatial-temporal neighborhoods. Meanwhile, I developed a new sampling strategy that intensively selects sample units in overlapping areas among images acquired from adjacent rows, and automatically adds spectrally dissimilarity sample units from non-overlapping areas, to improve the efficiency of representative sample selection at the ecoregion scale. The mean OA for all scenes was 82%. The satellite derived multi-temporal landscape quantification results revealed that MPB accounted for 70% of the total area of disturbance. I found that whether fire and MPB are linked disturbances depended on their occurring sequences. Fire severity was largely unrelated to pre-fire MPB outbreak severity, whereas post-fire beetle severity was shown to decrease with fire severity. The recovery rate varied among different disturbance types. Half of the clearcut and fire areas were at various stages of recovery, but the regeneration rate was much slower at MPB disturbed sites. Beetle outbreaks and fire created a positive compound effect on the seedling reestablishment, which suggests that beetle-killed serotinous lodgepole pines might have a new forest resilience mechanism to subsequent wildfire. Following the depiction of the disturbance pattern in landscapes, I further assessed the effects of a variety of biotic and abiotic factors on the outbreak dynamics in Grand County, Colorado. Thirty-four variables were included to develop a number of general linear models (GLM). Case and control samples were extracted from maps derived from satellite image. I first removed non-significant predictors based on the Bayesian Information Criterion in a multiple backward stepwise selection, and then built the model using the retained variables. A correction factor was added into the traditional GLM to account for model bias introduced by different ratios of case and control observations in the sample and in the population. Finally, I evaluated the model performance with an independent validation dataset, and generated predictive maps of MPB mortality. The final model had an average area under the curve value of 0.72 in predicting the annual area of new mortality. The results showed that neighborhood mortality, winter mean temperature anomaly, and residential housing density were positively associated with MPB mortality, whereas summer precipitation was negatively related. The extent of MPB mortality will expand under both RCP 4.5 and 8.5 climate-change scenarios, which implies that the impacts of MPB outbreaks on vegetation composition and structure, and ecosystem functioning are likely to increase in the future. Disturbance is the main driver for the heterogeneous landscape mosaic, and the understanding about its pattern, regime characteristics, impacts on forest resilience system and future trend is of great importance to many fields of research, such as carbon cycling, biological conservation, and environmental protection. The overall working approach in this dissertation provides feasible algorithms that can be applied to other regions, and can aid in generating consistent and high temporal frequency data on insect mortality and other disturbances impacting a variety of ecosystem services.
Author: Michael A. Wulder Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 1420005189 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 269
Book Description
Remote sensing and GIS are increasingly used as tools for monitoring and managing forests. Remotely sensed and GIS data are now the data sources of choice for capturing, documenting, and understanding forest disturbance and landscape pattern. Sitting astride the fields of ecology, forestry, and remote sensing/GIS, Understanding Forest Disturbanc
Author: Michael A. Wulder Publisher: ISBN: Category : Nature Languages : en Pages : 42
Book Description
Long-term monitoring of the rate of change of mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins) populations requires detailed tree-level information over large areas. This information is used to assess the status of an infestation (e.g., increasing, stable, or decreasing), and to select and evaluate mitigation approaches. In this research project, the authors develop and demonstrate a prototype monitoring system, which enables the extrapolation of tree-level estimates of beetle damage from field data to a larger study area using a double sampling approach, and multi-scale, multi-source, high spatial resolution remotely sensed data. The project study area encompasses over 6 million ha and is located at the leading edge of an ongoing mountain pine beetle epidemic along the provincial border between British Columbia and Alberta, within the Dawson Creek Timber Supply Area (TSA) of British Columbia and the Northwest Boreal Forest Management Unit in Alberta.--Document.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
British Columbia's current mountain pine beetle epidemic has led to salvage and mitigation harvesting strategies intended to slow the dispersal of beetles, and recover economic value from infested timber stands. These resulting harvesting strategies will alter the spatial pattern of forest landscapes in impacted regions, often resulting in forest fragmentation. As a result, wildlife habitat, hydrologic regimes, local carbon budgets, and soil dynamics, amoung other ecological properties, are expected to be negatively impacted. Monitoring of forest fragmentation in Canada is now required for the Montreal Process, an international forest monitoring policy. Effective methods that quantify changes in forest fragmentation, the breaking up of forest land cover into smaller, and more numerous parts, are required to meet forest monitoring objectives. This research provides two new methods that build upon existing approaches widely used for quantifying the spatial patterns of landscape features (i.e., landscape pattern indices). The first approach I demonstrate aids the quantification of forest pattern change over two time periods, by accounting for the impact of composition on spatial configuration. The value of this method is demonstrated using a case study that highlights the impacts of forest harvesting, associated with insect salvage and mitigation activities. This method allows landscapes that have changed primarily in composition to be distinguished from those that have experienced large configurational change. In the second approach I use multivariate cluster analysis for regionalization (the grouping of objects in space), and identify regions within a study area where increased fragmentation is observed. Regions delineated based on forest spatial pattern can be linked to underlying processes. Ancillary information (e.g., elevation) can be used to identify areas where observed forest pattern is due to underlying physiological features. Pattern indices (e.g., patch per.
Author: Nigel Stork Publisher: John Wiley & Sons ISBN: 1444300334 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 652
Book Description
This book brings together a wealth of scientific findings andecological knowledge to survey what we have learned about the“Wet Tropics” rainforests of North Queensland,Australia. This interdisciplinary text is the first book to providesuch a holistic view of any tropical forest environment, includingthe social and economic dimensions. The most thorough assessment of a tropical forest landscape todate Explores significant scientific breakthroughs in areasincluding conservation genetics, vegetation modeling, agroforestryand revegetation techniques, biodiversity assessment and modeling,impacts of climate change, and the integration of science innatural resource management Research achieved, in part, due to the Cooperative ResearchCentre for Tropical Rainforest Ecology and Management (theRainforest CRC) Written by a number of distinguished internationalexperts contains chapter summaries and section commentaries
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Author: Walter E. Cole
Author: Lu Liang
Author: Walter E. Cole
Author: Michael A. Wulder
Author: Michael A. Wulder
Author: Barbara J. Bentz
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Author: Dale L. Bartos
Author: Nigel Stork