Multiscale, Multiphysics Modelling of Coastal Ocean Processes PDF Download

Author:
Publisher:
ISBN: 9783036528106
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 172

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Author: Raj C. Murthy
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1402083270
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 249

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Although numerous books have been written on both monitoring and modelling of coastal oceans, there is a practical need for an introductory multi-disciplinary volume to non-specialists in this field. The articles commisioned for this book, organized into four major themes, are written by experts in their disciplines while the text is intended for scientists who do not have extensive training in marine sciences and coastal zone management. As such, the articles in this monograph can be a valuable reference for practicing professionals. The first section introduces the complex physical processes with main emphasis on waste disposal in the coastal ocean. Following this, examples of instrumentation techniques that are commonly used for measuring different properties of oceans are discribed. Coastal and estuarine transport and dispersion modelling is introduced in the next section with examples from different parts of the world. The last section provides an overview of coastal disasters such as tropical cyclones, storm surges and oil spills.

Author: Silvia Susana Ginsberg
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN: 9533071893
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 350

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Book Description
Sediment transport is a book that covers a wide variety of subject matters. It combines the personal and professional experience of the authors on solid particles transport and related problems, whose expertise is focused in aqueous systems and in laboratory flumes. This includes a series of chapters on hydrodynamics and their relationship with sediment transport and morphological development. The different contributions deal with issues such as the sediment transport modeling; sediment dynamics in stream confluence or river diversion, in meandering channels, at interconnected tidal channels system; changes in sediment transport under fine materials, cohesive materials and ice cover; environmental remediation of contaminated fine sediments. This is an invaluable interdisciplinary textbook and an important contribution to the sediment transport field. I strongly recommend this textbook to those in charge of conducting research on engineering issues or wishing to deal with equally important scientific problems.

Author: Dano Roelvink
Publisher: World Scientific
ISBN: 9814304255
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 291

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Process-based morphodynamic modelling is one of the relatively new tools at the disposal of coastal scientists, engineers and managers. On paper, it offers the possibility to analyse morphological processes and to investigate the effects of various measures one might consider to alleviate some problems. For these to be applied in practice, a model should be relatively straightforward to set up. It should be accurate enough to represent the details of interest, it should run long enough and robustly to see the real effects happen, and the physical processes represented in such a way that the sediment generally goes in the right direction at the right rate. Next, practitioners must be able to judge if the patterns and outcomes of the model are realistic and finally, translate these colour pictures and vector plots to integrated parameters that are relevant to the client or end user. In a nutshell, this book provides an in-depth review of ways to model coastal processes, including many hands-on exercises.

Author: Mattheus Percy Ueckermann
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 357

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Accurate modeling of physical and biogeochemical dynamics in coastal ocean regions is required for multiple scientific and societal applications, covering a wide range of time and space scales. However, in light of the strong nonlinearities observed in coastal regions and in biological processes, such modeling is challenging. An important subject that has been largely overlooked is the numerical requirements for regional ocean simulation studies. Major objectives of this thesis are to address such computational questions for non-hydrostatic multiscale flows and for biogeochemical interactions, and to derive and develop numerical schemes that meet these requirements, utilizing the latest advances in computational fluid dynamics. We are interested in studying nonlinear, transient, and multiscale ocean dynamics over complex geometries with steep bathymetry and intricate coastlines, from sub-mesoscales to basin-scales. These dynamical interests, when combined with our requirements for accurate, efficient and flexible ocean modeling, led us to develop new variable resolution, higher-order and non-hydrostatic ocean modeling schemes. Specifically, we derived, developed and applied new numerical schemes based on the novel hybrid discontinuous Galerkin (HDG) method in combination with projection methods. The new numerical schemes are first derived for the Navier-Stokes equations. To ensure mass conservation, we define numerical fluxes that are consistent with the discrete divergence equation. To improve stability and accuracy, we derive a consistent HDG stability parameter for the pressure-correction equation. We also apply a new boundary condition for the pressure-corrector, and show the form and origin of the projection method's time-splitting error for a case with implicit diffusion and explicit advection. Our scheme is implemented for arbitrary, mixed-element unstructured grids using a novel quadrature-free integration method for a nodal basis, which is consistent with the HDG method. To prevent numerical oscillations, we design a selective high-order nodal limiter. We demonstrate the correctness of our new schemes using a tracer advection benchmark, a manufactured solution for the steady diffusion and stokes equations, and the 2D lock-exchange problem. These numerical schemes are then extended for non-hydrostatic, free-surface, variable-density regional ocean dynamics. The time-splitting procedure using projection methods is derived for non-hydrostatic or hydrostatic, and nonlinear free-surface or rigid-lid, versions of the model. We also derive consistent HDG stability parameters for the free-surface and non-hydrostatic pressure-corrector equations to ensure stability and accuracy. New boundary conditions for the free-surface-corrector and pressure-corrector are also introduced. We prove that these conditions lead to consistent boundary conditions for the free-surface and pressure proper. To ensure discrete mass conservation with a moving free-surface, we use an arbitrary Lagrangian- Eulerian (ALE) moving mesh algorithm. These schemes are again verified, this time using a tidal flow problem with analytical solutions and a 3D lock-exchange benchmark. We apply our new numerical schemes to evaluate the numerical requirements of the coupled biological-physical dynamics. We find that higher-order schemes are more accurate at the same efficiency compared to lower-order (e.g. second-order) accurate schemes when modeling a biological patch. Due to decreased numerical dissipation, the higher-order schemes are capable of modeling biological patchiness over a sustained duration, while the lower-order schemes can lose significant biomass after a few non-dimensional times and can thus solve erroneous nonlinear dynamics. Finally, inspired by Stellwagen Bank in Massachusetts Bay, we study the effect of non-hydrostatic physics on biological productivity and phytoplankton fields for tidally-driven flows over an idealized bank. We find that the non-hydrostatic pressure and flows are important for biological dynamics, especially when flows are supercritical. That is, when the slope of the topography is larger than the slope of internal wave rays at the tidal frequency. The non-hydrostatic effects increase with increasing nonlinearity, both when the internal Froude number and criticality parameter increase. Even in cases where the instantaneous biological productivity is not largely modified, we find that the total biomass, spatial variability and patchiness of phytoplankton can be significantly altered by non-hydrostatic processes. Our ultimate dynamics motivation is to allow quantitative simulation studies of fundamental nonlinear biological-physical dynamics in coastal regions with complex bathymetric features such as straits, sills, ridges and shelfbreaks. This thesis develops the necessary numerical schemes that meet the stringent accuracy requirements for these types of flows and dynamics.

Author: José Simão Antunes Do Carmo
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN: 1789843596
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 138

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Book Description
This book systematizes the concepts of contemporary coastal zone management and suggests possible structural and non-structural management tools for decision-making processes. Some successful adaptation measures and case studies on oceanic processes and coastal protection are discussed. High-frequency communications in coastal and marine environments are also addressed.All chapters contribute relevant information and useful content to scientists and other readers interested or concerned about the lack of adequate management actions and the installation of appropriate protections or their ineffectiveness in containing coastal vulnerabilities and risks.

Author: Benjamin M. Jones
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2889760243
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 255

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Author: Nadia Pinardi
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3662226480
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 502

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The Advanced Study Courses in the field of Marine Science and Technology were part of the training programme developed from 1989 until 1999 within MAST, the Marine Science and Technology Programme of the European Union. They were related to the core topics of MAST Programme, marine systems research, extreme marine environments, regional Sea research, coastal systems research and engineering, and marine technology. The main objectives of these study courses were to further advance education in topics at the forefront of scien tific and technological development in Europe, and to improve the communication between students and experienced scientists on a European and international level. Over the years the Programme sponsored around 30 Advanced Study Courses. They took place in ten different member states of the European Union and their contribution in the formation of a European scientific community was significant. They also encouraged exchanges and contacts with several countries around the world such as United States, the third Mediterranean countries and others. The Course on Ocean Forecasting was one ofthe most successful with regard to its con tent, number of applications for participation and students satisfaction. When considering the need for the Advanced Study Course on Ocean Forecast ing, it is important to remember that the Oceans and Seas have always played a central role throughout the history of mankind. This is seen from the times of the ancient civilizations ofEgypt and Greece with the Phoenician traders, to the Viking voyages of exploration and discovery in medieval times.

Author: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309388805
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 351

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As the nation's economic activities, security concerns, and stewardship of natural resources become increasingly complex and globally interrelated, they become ever more sensitive to adverse impacts from weather, climate, and other natural phenomena. For several decades, forecasts with lead times of a few days for weather and other environmental phenomena have yielded valuable information to improve decision-making across all sectors of society. Developing the capability to forecast environmental conditions and disruptive events several weeks and months in advance could dramatically increase the value and benefit of environmental predictions, saving lives, protecting property, increasing economic vitality, protecting the environment, and informing policy choices. Over the past decade, the ability to forecast weather and climate conditions on subseasonal to seasonal (S2S) timescales, i.e., two to fifty-two weeks in advance, has improved substantially. Although significant progress has been made, much work remains to make S2S predictions skillful enough, as well as optimally tailored and communicated, to enable widespread use. Next Generation Earth System Predictions presents a ten-year U.S. research agenda that increases the nation's S2S research and modeling capability, advances S2S forecasting, and aids in decision making at medium and extended lead times.

Author: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309484529
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 511

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To achieve goals for climate and economic growth, "negative emissions technologies" (NETs) that remove and sequester carbon dioxide from the air will need to play a significant role in mitigating climate change. Unlike carbon capture and storage technologies that remove carbon dioxide emissions directly from large point sources such as coal power plants, NETs remove carbon dioxide directly from the atmosphere or enhance natural carbon sinks. Storing the carbon dioxide from NETs has the same impact on the atmosphere and climate as simultaneously preventing an equal amount of carbon dioxide from being emitted. Recent analyses found that deploying NETs may be less expensive and less disruptive than reducing some emissions, such as a substantial portion of agricultural and land-use emissions and some transportation emissions. In 2015, the National Academies published Climate Intervention: Carbon Dioxide Removal and Reliable Sequestration, which described and initially assessed NETs and sequestration technologies. This report acknowledged the relative paucity of research on NETs and recommended development of a research agenda that covers all aspects of NETs from fundamental science to full-scale deployment. To address this need, Negative Emissions Technologies and Reliable Sequestration: A Research Agenda assesses the benefits, risks, and "sustainable scale potential" for NETs and sequestration. This report also defines the essential components of a research and development program, including its estimated costs and potential impact.