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Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
We are developing a real-time-multiple-target-tracking system using a wide-field-of-view (WFOV) camera. The high resolution WFOV camera was conceived as part of the Strategic Defense initiative Research at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. The camera system consists of a lens made of concentric solid blocks of index matching glasses, CCDs arrayed on the focal plane, and a custom VLSI image processor to extract the targets. References 1 and 2 describe the basic design of the WFOV camera and the prototype system that we have constructed. In this paper, we will briefly review the existing prototype system, the on-going effort to cover the full field of view using digital CCD cameras, the production of custom VLSI chips developed to extract centroids in real time, and the implementation of transputers to run the tracking algorithms.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
We are developing a real-time-multiple-target-tracking system using a wide-field-of-view (WFOV) camera. The high resolution WFOV camera was conceived as part of the Strategic Defense initiative Research at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. The camera system consists of a lens made of concentric solid blocks of index matching glasses, CCDs arrayed on the focal plane, and a custom VLSI image processor to extract the targets. References 1 and 2 describe the basic design of the WFOV camera and the prototype system that we have constructed. In this paper, we will briefly review the existing prototype system, the on-going effort to cover the full field of view using digital CCD cameras, the production of custom VLSI chips developed to extract centroids in real time, and the implementation of transputers to run the tracking algorithms.
Author: Mohsen Majnoon Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
Control of unmanned aerial vehicles is a very active topic in research with lots of applications ranging from civilian to military. To control a UAV, its attitude is often controlled using gyroscopes, but to control its position, inertial sensors together with GPS are often used. However, obtaining accurate current position is difficult using inertial sensors because of the integration drift. GPS on the other hand is not functional in indoor applications since it cannot connect to GPS satellites. Since vision has been proved to be an inexpensive and consistent source of relative position information, vision-based control is getting more popular in UAVs recently, but then again, using vision in outdoor applications is challenging as the target can move fast and out of the vision sensor field of view. So, in order to keep the target inside the field of view, two algorithms are being developed and tested via simulation in this research. Using pan/tilt/zoom cameras or multi camera systems, the target is guaranteed to stay in vision system field of view and hence, the vision based pose estimation can provide the control system with proper relative position. Two case studies - vision-based mobile-target tracking of a quadrotor using a multi-camera vision sensor and vision-based mobile-target tracking of a tilting rotor aircraft equipped with a zooming camera - are presented in this research to show the applicability of these methods in UAV control.
Author: Youlu Wang Publisher: ISBN: 9781303033025 Category : Cameras Languages : en Pages : 196
Book Description
Multiple cameras have been used to improve the coverage and accuracy of visual surveillance systems. Nowadays, there are estimated 30 million surveillance cameras deployed in the United States. The large amount of video data generated by cameras necessitate automatic activity analysis, and automatic object detection and tracking are essential steps before any activity/event analysis. Most work on automatic tracking of objects across multiple camera views has considered systems that rely on a back-end server to process video inputs from multiple cameras. In this dissertation, we propose distributed camera systems in peer-to-peer communication. Each camera in the proposed systems performs object detection and tracking individually and only exchanges a small amount of data for consistent labeling. With the lightweight and robust algorithms running in each camera, the systems are capable of tracking multiple objects in a real-time manner. The cameras in the system may have overlapping or non-overlapping views. With partially overlapping views, the object labels can be handed off between cameras based on geometric relations. Most camera systems with overlapping views attach cameras to PCs and communicate via Ethernet, which hinders the flexibility and scalability. With the advances in VLSI technology, smart cameras have been introduced. A smart camera not only captures images, but also includes a processor, memory and communication interface making it a stand-alone unit. We first present a wireless embedded smart camera system for cooperative object tracking and detection of composite events. Each camera is a CITRIC mote consisting of a camera board and a wireless mote. All the processing is performed on camera boards. Power consumption of the proposed system is analyzed based on the measurements of operating currents for different scenarios. On the other hand, in wide-area tracking applications, it is not always realistic to assume that all the cameras in the system have overlapping fields of view. Tracking across non-overlapping views present more challenges due to lack of spatial continuity. To address this problem, we present another distributed camera system based on a probabilistic Petri Net framework. We combine appearance features of objects as well as the travel-time evidence for target matching and consistent labeling across disjoint camera views. Multiple features are combined by adaptive weights, which are assigned based on the reliability of the features and updated online. We employ a probabilistic Petri Net to account for the uncertainties of the vision algorithms and to incorporate the available domain knowledge. Synchronization is another important problem for multi-camera systems, because it is essential to have the precise relevance between the video data captured by different cameras. We present a computationally efficient and robust method for temporally calibrating video sequences from unsynchronized cameras. As opposed to expensive hardware-based synchronization methods, our algorithm is solely based on video processing. This algorithm is to match and align the object trajectories using the Longest Consecutive Common Subsequence, and thus to recover the frame offset between video sequences. With the increasing number of cameras in the system, cost and flexibility are important factors to consider. The cost of each camera node increases with the increasing resolution of the image sensor. A possible way of employing low-cost low-resolution sensors to achieve higher resolution images is presented. In this system, four embedded cameras with low-resolution customized sensors are tiled in different arrangements. With the customized CMOS imager, we perform edge and motion detection on the focal plane, then stitch the four edge images together to get a higher-resolution edge map.
Author: Hamid Aghajan Publisher: Academic Press ISBN: 0080878008 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 623
Book Description
The first book, by the leading experts, on this rapidly developing field with applications to security, smart homes, multimedia, and environmental monitoring Comprehensive coverage of fundamentals, algorithms, design methodologies, system implementation issues, architectures, and applications Presents in detail the latest developments in multi-camera calibration, active and heterogeneous camera networks, multi-camera object and event detection, tracking, coding, smart camera architecture and middleware This book is the definitive reference in multi-camera networks. It gives clear guidance on the conceptual and implementation issues involved in the design and operation of multi-camera networks, as well as presenting the state-of-the-art in hardware, algorithms and system development. The book is broad in scope, covering smart camera architectures, embedded processing, sensor fusion and middleware, calibration and topology, network-based detection and tracking, and applications in distributed and collaborative methods in camera networks. This book will be an ideal reference for university researchers, R&D engineers, computer engineers, and graduate students working in signal and video processing, computer vision, and sensor networks. Hamid Aghajan is a Professor of Electrical Engineering (consulting) at Stanford University. His research is on multi-camera networks for smart environments with application to smart homes, assisted living and well being, meeting rooms, and avatar-based communication and social interactions. He is Editor-in-Chief of Journal of Ambient Intelligence and Smart Environments, and was general chair of ACM/IEEE ICDSC 2008. Andrea Cavallaro is Reader (Associate Professor) at Queen Mary, University of London (QMUL). His research is on target tracking and audiovisual content analysis for advanced surveillance and multi-sensor systems. He serves as Associate Editor of the IEEE Signal Processing Magazine and the IEEE Trans. on Multimedia, and has been general chair of IEEE AVSS 2007, ACM/IEEE ICDSC 2009 and BMVC 2009. The first book, by the leading experts, on this rapidly developing field with applications to security, smart homes, multimedia, and environmental monitoring Comprehensive coverage of fundamentals, algorithms, design methodologies, system implementation issues, architectures, and applications Presents in detail the latest developments in multi-camera calibration, active and heterogeneous camera networks, multi-camera object and event detection, tracking, coding, smart camera architecture and middleware
Author: Gian Luca Foresti Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 1461543274 Category : Computers Languages : en Pages : 299
Book Description
Multimedia surveillance systems is an emerging field that includes signal and image processing, communications, and computer vision. Multimedia Video-Based Surveillance Systems: Requirements, Issues and Solutions, combines the most recent research results from these areas for use by engineers and end-users involved in the design of surveillance systems in the fields of transportation and services. The book covers emerging surveillance requirements, including new digital sensors for real-time acquisition of surveillance data, low-level image processing algorithms, and event detection methods. It also discusses problems related to knowledge representation in surveillance systems, wireless and wired multimedia networks, and a new generation of surveillance communication tools. Timely information is presented on digital watermarking, broadband multimedia transmission, legal use of surveillance systems, performance evaluation criteria, and other new and emerging topics, along with applications for transports and pedestrian monitoring. The information contained in Multimedia Video-Based Surveillance Systems: Requirements, Issues and Solutions, bridges the distance between present practice and research findings, and the book is an indispensable reference tool for professional engineers.
Author: Anhu Li Publisher: Springer ISBN: 9811314322 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 323
Book Description
This book introduces double-prism multi-mode scanning theory and technology, focusing on double Risley-prism, multi-mode scanning models, methods and key techniques applied in multi-mode optical scanning and target tracking fields. It is first book to systematically and comprehensively describe basic multi-mode scanning theory and practical implementation techniques utilizing double Risley prisms. It includes rigorous modeling of double Risley-prism multi-mode scanning systems and high-efficiency solution algorithms for inverse problems with abundant illustrative examples and scanning error analyses, along with design guidance and performance test on specific scanning devices. Further, it presents the latest research results for forward scanning models and inverse tracking algorithms, sub-microradian fine scanning modeling with tilting double Risley prisms, nonlinear control strategy for double prism motion, calibration and experiment techniques for various double-prism layouts, as well as opto-mechanical system design and analysis. Featuring rigorous theoretical derivations illustrated with corresponding examples and original scanning apparatus, the book is a valuable reference resource for those developing and applying multi-mode scanning techniques in photoelectric scanning and tracking areas.
Author: Christophe Bobda Publisher: Springer ISBN: 1461477050 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 280
Book Description
This publication addresses distributed embedded smart cameras –cameras that perform on board analysis and collaborate with other cameras. This book provides the material required to better understand the architectural design challenges of embedded smart camera systems, the hardware/software ecosystem, the design approach for and applications of distributed smart cameras together with the state-of-the-art algorithms. The authors concentrate on the architecture, hardware/software design, realization of smart camera networks from applications to architectures, in particular in the embedded and mobile domains.
Author: H B Mitchell Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 3642272223 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 349
Book Description
This textbook provides a comprehensive introduction to the concepts and idea of multisensor data fusion. It is an extensively revised second edition of the author's successful book: "Multi-Sensor Data Fusion: An Introduction" which was originally published by Springer-Verlag in 2007. The main changes in the new book are: New Material: Apart from one new chapter there are approximately 30 new sections, 50 new examples and 100 new references. At the same time, material which is out-of-date has been eliminated and the remaining text has been rewritten for added clarity. Altogether, the new book is nearly 70 pages longer than the original book. Matlab code: Where appropriate we have given details of Matlab code which may be downloaded from the worldwide web. In a few places, where such code is not readily available, we have included Matlab code in the body of the text. Layout. The layout and typography has been revised. Examples and Matlab code now appear on a gray background for easy identification and advancd material is marked with an asterisk. The book is intended to be self-contained. No previous knowledge of multi-sensor data fusion is assumed, although some familarity with the basic tools of linear algebra, calculus and simple probability is recommended. Although conceptually simple, the study of mult-sensor data fusion presents challenges that are unique within the education of the electrical engineer or computer scientist. To become competent in the field the student must become familiar with tools taken from a wide range of diverse subjects including: neural networks, signal processing, statistical estimation, tracking algorithms, computer vision and control theory. All too often, the student views multi-sensor data fusion as a miscellaneous assortment of different processes which bear no relationship to each other. In contrast, in this book the processes are unified by using a common statistical framework. As a consequence, the underlying pattern of relationships that exists between the different methodologies is made evident. The book is illustrated with many real-life examples taken from a diverse range of applications and contains an extensive list of modern references.
Author: Institution of Electrical Engineers Publisher: IET ISBN: 0863415040 Category : Computers Languages : en Pages : 301
Book Description
There is a growing interest in the development and deployment of intelligent surveillance systems in public and private locations. This book consists of a selection of extended versions of presentations made in two symposia on intelligent distributed surveillance systems (IDSS) and brings together the latest developments in the field.
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Author: 
Author: Mohsen Majnoon
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Author: Youlu Wang
Author: Hamid Aghajan
Author: Gian Luca Foresti
Author: Anhu Li
Author: Christophe Bobda
Author: H B Mitchell
Author: Institution of Electrical Engineers