Author: Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Buses, Electric
Languages : en
Pages : 0
Book Description
Multi-state Medium- and Heavy-duty Zero-emission Vehicle Action Plan
Author: Transitions to Alternative Vehicles and Fuels
Author: National Research CouncilPublisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309268524
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 395
Book Description
For a century, almost all light-duty vehicles (LDVs) have been powered by internal combustion engines operating on petroleum fuels. Energy security concerns about petroleum imports and the effect of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions on global climate are driving interest in alternatives. Transitions to Alternative Vehicles and Fuels assesses the potential for reducing petroleum consumption and GHG emissions by 80 percent across the U.S. LDV fleet by 2050, relative to 2005. This report examines the current capability and estimated future performance and costs for each vehicle type and non-petroleum-based fuel technology as options that could significantly contribute to these goals. By analyzing scenarios that combine various fuel and vehicle pathways, the report also identifies barriers to implementation of these technologies and suggests policies to achieve the desired reductions. Several scenarios are promising, but strong, and effective policies such as research and development, subsidies, energy taxes, or regulations will be necessary to overcome barriers, such as cost and consumer choice.
Fostering the Use of Zero and Near Zero Emissions Vehicles in Freight Operations
Author: Miguel JallerDriving Emissions to Zero
Author: Lloyd S. DixonPublisher: Rand Corporation
ISBN: 9780833032126
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 176
Book Description
California's Zero Emission Vehicle (ZEV) program requires that starting in 2003, a proportion of the new vehicles delivered for sale in the state must produce no emissions. This study examines the costs and emission benefits of battery-powered electric vehicles, direct hydrogen fuel-cell vehicles, and other advanced technology vehicles, such gasoline hybrid electric vehicles, that manufacturers may use to satisfy program requirements. The authors find that the cost of battery-powered electric vehicles per ton of emissions reduced is very high and not likely to fall to reasonable levels any time soon, and that it is too early to tell whether direct hydrogen fuel-cell vehicles, which show much promise, are an economical way to improve California's air quality. The study also evaluates California's goal of reducing the emissions of the state's light-duty vehicle fleet to zero. It finds that federal air quality standards can be met without a zero emission fleet and that lower-cost alternatives for improving air quality appear available. The authors conclude that instead of requiring manufacturers to meet emission reduction targets with particular vehicle technologies, California should eliminate the requirement for zero emission vehicles, tighten emission standards on light-duty vehicles, and focus on setting emission performance standards.
Incentives for Medium- and Heavy-Duty Zero-Emission Vehicles Program: Pembina Institute Comments and Recommendations
Author: Decarbonizing Medium- & Heavy-duty On-road Vehicles
Author: Catherine LednaPublisher:
ISBN:
Category : Carbon dioxide mitigation
Languages : en
Pages : 0
Book Description
Reducing Fuel Consumption and Greenhouse Gas Emissions of Medium- and Heavy-Duty Vehicles, Phase Two
Author: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and MedicinePublisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309496381
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 399
Book Description
Medium- and heavy-duty trucks, motor coaches, and transit buses - collectively, "medium- and heavy-duty vehicles", or MHDVs - are used in every sector of the economy. The fuel consumption and greenhouse gas emissions of MHDVs have become a focus of legislative and regulatory action in the past few years. This study is a follow-on to the National Research Council's 2010 report, Technologies and Approaches to Reducing the Fuel Consumption of Medium-and Heavy-Duty Vehicles. That report provided a series of findings and recommendations on the development of regulations for reducing fuel consumption of MHDVs. On September 15, 2011, NHTSA and EPA finalized joint Phase I rules to establish a comprehensive Heavy-Duty National Program to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and fuel consumption for on-road medium- and heavy-duty vehicles. As NHTSA and EPA began working on a second round of standards, the National Academies issued another report, Reducing the Fuel Consumption and Greenhouse Gas Emissions of Medium- and Heavy-Duty Vehicles, Phase Two: First Report, providing recommendations for the Phase II standards. This third and final report focuses on a possible third phase of regulations to be promulgated by these agencies in the next decade.
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