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Author: Hicham Kasmi Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : es Pages :
Book Description
Para un desarrollo sostenible, las energías renovables son cruciales, abarcando tanto el punto de vista económico como el ambiental y el social. Actualmente las zonas aisladas eléctricamente, aquellas donde no llega la red eléctrica o no están conectadas a las grandes redes de los países desarrollados, pueden beneficiarse de los sistemas descentralizados que utilizan energías renovables. En este caso en particular, el uso de la energía eólica y solar fotovoltaica puede considerarse como una opción para la generación de electricidad en zonas remotas sin emisiones contaminantes y sin dependencia externa. Desde los últimos años los costes de producción, especialmente en cuanto a paneles fotovoltaicos, se ha visto reducido notablemente debido a la producción en gran escala de paneles fotovoltaicos, de tal modo que se han conseguido reducir los costes un 7,5% por año, aumentando la producción un 18% por año. A pesar de esto los rendimientos siguen siendo bajos y los costes relativamente elevados. Por otro lado, las tecnologías utilizadas para el almacenamiento de energía también están evolucionando rápidamente, de tal modo que sus precios disminuyen y la capacidad de almacenaje aumenta. Estos datos son importante para el futuro papel de la energía renovable tanto en sistemas aislados como no. En este documento se quiere caracterizar un sistema renovable aislado de la red para una pequeña casa rural, situada en la provincia de Nador en MARRUECOS y con una población aproximada de 425 habitantes. El diseño del sistema está basado en el viento y la radiación solar. A partir de aquí, el sistema propuesto debe asegurar electricidad mediante una base de tecnología eólica y el complemento de energía solar fotovoltaica con el uso de baterías. El principal problema tecnológico de la mayoría de instalaciones renovables es la predicción de la electricidad generable. En este caso, la predicción del viento depende de las coordenadas de la localización, de la estación anual e incluso del tipo año. En el caso de la predicción de la radiación solar, es más sencilla, y de manera resumida depende de las coordenadas y la altura del emplazamiento, aunque presenta problemas como la presencia de nubes y la limitación de las horas solares. Debido a estos factores y otros, como pueden ser las paradas de mantenimiento de las instalaciones generadoras, el uso de sistemas de almacenamiento es generalmente imprescindible en los sistemas aislados de la red. Por otra parte se aprovechará la energía renovable para recarga de un vehículo eléctrico puro, que sería nuestra movilidad a diaria, y de esta manera podemos considerar que la vivienda es puramente sostenible.
Author: Hicham Kasmi Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : es Pages :
Book Description
Para un desarrollo sostenible, las energías renovables son cruciales, abarcando tanto el punto de vista económico como el ambiental y el social. Actualmente las zonas aisladas eléctricamente, aquellas donde no llega la red eléctrica o no están conectadas a las grandes redes de los países desarrollados, pueden beneficiarse de los sistemas descentralizados que utilizan energías renovables. En este caso en particular, el uso de la energía eólica y solar fotovoltaica puede considerarse como una opción para la generación de electricidad en zonas remotas sin emisiones contaminantes y sin dependencia externa. Desde los últimos años los costes de producción, especialmente en cuanto a paneles fotovoltaicos, se ha visto reducido notablemente debido a la producción en gran escala de paneles fotovoltaicos, de tal modo que se han conseguido reducir los costes un 7,5% por año, aumentando la producción un 18% por año. A pesar de esto los rendimientos siguen siendo bajos y los costes relativamente elevados. Por otro lado, las tecnologías utilizadas para el almacenamiento de energía también están evolucionando rápidamente, de tal modo que sus precios disminuyen y la capacidad de almacenaje aumenta. Estos datos son importante para el futuro papel de la energía renovable tanto en sistemas aislados como no. En este documento se quiere caracterizar un sistema renovable aislado de la red para una pequeña casa rural, situada en la provincia de Nador en MARRUECOS y con una población aproximada de 425 habitantes. El diseño del sistema está basado en el viento y la radiación solar. A partir de aquí, el sistema propuesto debe asegurar electricidad mediante una base de tecnología eólica y el complemento de energía solar fotovoltaica con el uso de baterías. El principal problema tecnológico de la mayoría de instalaciones renovables es la predicción de la electricidad generable. En este caso, la predicción del viento depende de las coordenadas de la localización, de la estación anual e incluso del tipo año. En el caso de la predicción de la radiación solar, es más sencilla, y de manera resumida depende de las coordenadas y la altura del emplazamiento, aunque presenta problemas como la presencia de nubes y la limitación de las horas solares. Debido a estos factores y otros, como pueden ser las paradas de mantenimiento de las instalaciones generadoras, el uso de sistemas de almacenamiento es generalmente imprescindible en los sistemas aislados de la red. Por otra parte se aprovechará la energía renovable para recarga de un vehículo eléctrico puro, que sería nuestra movilidad a diaria, y de esta manera podemos considerar que la vivienda es puramente sostenible.
Author: Peter Hall Publisher: Wiley-Blackwell ISBN: 9780631199434 Category : Social Science Languages : en Pages : 502
Book Description
Cities of Tomorrow is a critical history of planning in theory and practice in the twentieth century, as well as of the social and economic problems and opportunities that gave rise to it. Trenchant, perceptive, global in coverage, this book is an unrivalled account of its crucial subject. The third edition of Cities of Tomorrow is comprehensively revised to take account of abundant new literature published since its original appearance, and to view the 1990s in historical perspective. This is the definitive edition, reviewing the development of the modern planning movement over the entire span of the twentieth century.
Author: David W. Pearce Publisher: MIT Press ISBN: 9780262660785 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 492
Book Description
an up-to-date authoritative reference designed primarily for students of economics but invaluable also to students of business and other social sciences and ideal for anyone who wants a brief explanation of an economic concept or institution The MIT Dictionary of Modern Economics is an up-to-date, authoritative reference designed primarily for students of business and other social sciences and ideal for anyone who wants a brief explanation of an economic concept or institution. In this fourth edition one entry in ten has been revised and one entry in twenty is new. Whereas the third edition increased the coverage of American institutions, this edition breaks new ground by including entries considered important from an Eastern European perspective. It also supplies comparative statistics on major economic variables for selected countries, describes the origins of widely used acronyms, and includes bibliographic references at the end of featured entries. The dictionary answers in a clear and concise way the enduring questions, which economists have considered for two centuries or more, as well as the issues of the moment, such as economic change in Europe, the problems of pollution, or the prospects for greater freedom of trade. With close to 2,800 entries it is comprehensive in its coverage of theory, national and international institutions, schools of thought, and important economists, including recent Nobel Prize winners. The dictionary was compiled initially by an experienced team of economists at Aberdeen University in the United Kingdom, and new authors have been recruited to provide international expertise, reflecting changes in the structure of the international economy. This fourth edition was prepared by John Cairns, Robert Elliott, Ian McAvinchey, and Robert Shaw, all of the Economics Department, University of Aberdeen.
Author: Piet Lens Publisher: IWA Publishing ISBN: 1843391007 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 545
Book Description
Soil and Sediment Remediation discusses in detail a whole set of remediative technologies currently available to minimise their impact. Technologies for the treatment of soils and sediments in-situ (landfarming, bioscreens, bioventing, nutrient injection, phytoremediation) and ex-situ (landfarming, bio-heap treatment, soil suspension reactor) will be discussed. The microbiological, process technological and socio-economical aspects of these technologies will be addressed. Special attention will be given to novel biotechnological processes that utilise sulfur cycle conversions, e.g. sulfur and heavy metal removal from soils. Also the potential of phytoremediation will be highlighted. In addition, treatment schemes for the clean-up of polluted megasites, e.g. harbours and Manufactured Gaswork Plants (MGP), will be elaborated. The aim of Soil and Sediment Remediation is to introduce the reader in: the biogeochemical characteristics of soil and sediments- new techniques to study soil/sediment processes (molecular probes, microelectrodes, NMR) clean up technologies for soils polluted with organic (PAH, NAPL, solvents) or inorganic (heavy metals) pollutants- preventative and remediative strategies and technologies available in environmental engineering novel process applications and bioreactor designs for bioremediation the impact of soil pollution on society and its economic importance.
Author: Bruce E. Logan Publisher: John Wiley & Sons ISBN: 1118230078 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 493
Book Description
A unique approach to the challenges of complex environmental systems Environmental Transport Processes, Second Edition provides much-needed guidance on mass transfer principles in environmental engineering. It focuses on working with uncontrolled conditions involving biological and physical systems, offering examples from diverse fields, including mass transport, kinetics, wastewater treatment, and unit processes. This new edition is fully revised and updated, incorporating modern approaches and practice problems at the end of chapters, making the Second Edition more concise, accessible, and easy to use. The book discusses the fundamentals of transport processes occurring in natural environments, with special emphasis on working at the biological physical interface. It considers transport and kinetics in terms of systems that involve microorganisms, along with in-depth coverage of particles, size spectra, and calculations for particles that can be considered either spheres or fractals. The book's treatment of particles as fractals is especially unique and the Second Edition includes a new section on exoelectrogenic biofilms. It also addresses dispersion in natural and engineered systems unlike any other book on the subject. Readers will learn to tackle with confidence complex environmental systems and make transport calculations in heterogeneous environments with mixtures of chemicals.
Author: Remi B. Piet Publisher: Lexington Books ISBN: 1498506232 Category : Political Science Languages : en Pages : 455
Book Description
In light of the rapid fluctuations in oil prices and subsequent impact on the stability and economic perspectives of energy producing and energy importing states in the Western Hemisphere, this book stresses the urgency to integrate sustainability at the very core of national energy security strategies. From Canada to Argentina, this edited volume analyzes a series of case studies and diverging paradigms across the continent. It underlines how the relatively recent exploitation of unconventional energy sources in North America and the resulting impact on prices impact the geopolitical concerns of traditional producers. It also explains how much energy strategies are central to the development of national economies and the stability of their society. Highlighting the shortcomings in several countries even at a time of high prices, the volume makes the case for an inclusive and holistic approach to energy security that would integrate environmental concerns at its very core. This edited volume also explains how this new energy independence of the western Hemisphere affects its foreign policy with the main international actors in the field of energy whether traditional producers or consumers. Finally, it provides key insights on successful strategy towards the development of alternative sources of energy.
Author: Agence internationale de l'énergie Publisher: ISBN: 9789264282056 Category : Energy industries Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
The global energy scene is in a state of flux. Large-scale shifts include: the rapid deployment and steep declines in the costs of major renewable energy technologies; the growing importance of electricity in energy use across the globe; profound changes in China's economy and energy policy, moving consumption away from coal; and the continued surge in shale gas and tight oil production in the United States. These changes provide the backdrop for the World Energy Outlook-2017, which includes a full update of energy demand and supply projections to 2040 based on different scenarios. The projections are accompanied by detailed analyses of their impact on energy industries and investment, as well as implications for energy security and the environment. The report this year includes a focus on China, which examines how China's choices could reshape the global outlook for all fuels and technologies. A second focus, on natural gas, explores how the rise of shale gas and LNG are changing the global gas market as well as the opportunities and risks for gas in the transition to a cleaner energy system. Finally, the WEO-2017 introduces a major new scenario - the Sustainable Development Scenario - that outlines an integrated approach to achieving internationally agreed objectives on climate change, air quality and universal access to modern energy.
Author: International Energy Agency Publisher: OCDE ISBN: 9789264201309 Category : Energy consumption Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
This publication provides comprehensive and consistent information on African central government debt statistics for the period 2003-2012. Detailed quantitative information on central government debt instruments is provided for 17 countries to meet the requirements of debt managers, other financial policy makers, and market analysts. A cross country overview on African debt management policies and country policy notes provides background information on debt issuance as well as on the institutional and regulatory framework governing debt management policy.
Author: Robert W. Whitney Publisher: UNC Press Books ISBN: 9780807849255 Category : History Languages : en Pages : 276
Book Description
Between 1920 and 1940, Cuba underwent a remarkable transition, moving from oligarchic rule to a nominal constitutional democracy. The events of this period are crucial to a full understanding of the nation's political evolution, yet they are often glossed
Author: Hicham Kasmi
Author: Hicham Kasmi
Author: Peter Hall
Author: David W. Pearce
Author: Piet Lens
Author: Bruce E. Logan
Author: 
Author: Remi B. Piet
Author: Agence internationale de l'énergie
Author: International Energy Agency
Author: Robert W. Whitney