Movement Patterns and Habitat Use of Scalloped Hammerhead Sharks (Sphyrna Lewini) in the Galapagos Islands PDF Download
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Author: James Thomas Ketchum Publisher: ISBN: 9781267238986 Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
Movements of marine predators like sharks are controlled by multiple external and internal factors, and bounded within a home range where all behavioral activities necessary for their survival take place. Sharks are present in great numbers at the Galapagos Marine Reserve (GMR), but little is known about them. In Chapter One, we analyze movements of scalloped hammerheads in the GMR, examine diel and seasonal movements, and environmental factors. We tagged 134 scalloped hammerhead sharks with pingers (2006- 2010). Sharks were only detected at Darwin, Wolf, Roca Redonda, and Seymour in the GMR. Hammerheads formed large schools at Darwin and Wolf during the day, but dispersed at night. They stayed longer at Wolf in the warm period and were absent from March to June. Wolf was the center of foraging excursions and Darwin a 'stepping stone' for long-distance migration. In Chapter Two, we study the movements of hammerheads around an oceanic island and the environmental characteristics of their activity spaces. We tracked seven scalloped hammerhead sharks for 19 to 96 h. A measure of preference was quantified at the level of environments (e.g. hotspot, nearshore, island base, and trenches). Hammerheads remained shallower, but moved faster during the warm season, and stayed deeper and moved slower in the cold season. Home ranges of hammerheads varied in size, but no significant differences between the cold and warm seasons. Hammerheads preferred the eastern side of Wolf Island, a refuging habitat, and the nearshore and trenches environments, possible foraging habitat. Hammerheads move near and above the thermocline, to thermoregulate, feed or digest. Density gradients are possibly used for orientation. In Chapter Three, we define movements of a marine predator, examine their value as conservation tools, evaluate their vulnerability and persistence, and design protected pelagic environments. The movements of scalloped hammerheads were on insular, inter-island, and oceanic spatial scales. Seascape species remained at localized hotspots around islands and moved outside the boundaries of MPAs. Persistence of seascape species was highest in large reserves and vulnerability was low between nearby reserves. We propose (1) a network of small marine reserves within the GMR, (2) a network of large reserves in the eastern tropical Pacific (ETP), and (3) a large 'special marine protected area (MPA)' in the ETP.
Author: James Thomas Ketchum Publisher: ISBN: 9781267238986 Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
Movements of marine predators like sharks are controlled by multiple external and internal factors, and bounded within a home range where all behavioral activities necessary for their survival take place. Sharks are present in great numbers at the Galapagos Marine Reserve (GMR), but little is known about them. In Chapter One, we analyze movements of scalloped hammerheads in the GMR, examine diel and seasonal movements, and environmental factors. We tagged 134 scalloped hammerhead sharks with pingers (2006- 2010). Sharks were only detected at Darwin, Wolf, Roca Redonda, and Seymour in the GMR. Hammerheads formed large schools at Darwin and Wolf during the day, but dispersed at night. They stayed longer at Wolf in the warm period and were absent from March to June. Wolf was the center of foraging excursions and Darwin a 'stepping stone' for long-distance migration. In Chapter Two, we study the movements of hammerheads around an oceanic island and the environmental characteristics of their activity spaces. We tracked seven scalloped hammerhead sharks for 19 to 96 h. A measure of preference was quantified at the level of environments (e.g. hotspot, nearshore, island base, and trenches). Hammerheads remained shallower, but moved faster during the warm season, and stayed deeper and moved slower in the cold season. Home ranges of hammerheads varied in size, but no significant differences between the cold and warm seasons. Hammerheads preferred the eastern side of Wolf Island, a refuging habitat, and the nearshore and trenches environments, possible foraging habitat. Hammerheads move near and above the thermocline, to thermoregulate, feed or digest. Density gradients are possibly used for orientation. In Chapter Three, we define movements of a marine predator, examine their value as conservation tools, evaluate their vulnerability and persistence, and design protected pelagic environments. The movements of scalloped hammerheads were on insular, inter-island, and oceanic spatial scales. Seascape species remained at localized hotspots around islands and moved outside the boundaries of MPAs. Persistence of seascape species was highest in large reserves and vulnerability was low between nearby reserves. We propose (1) a network of small marine reserves within the GMR, (2) a network of large reserves in the eastern tropical Pacific (ETP), and (3) a large 'special marine protected area (MPA)' in the ETP.
Author: Judith Denkinger Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 3319027697 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 322
Book Description
This book focuses on how marine systems respond to natural and anthropogenic perturbations (ENSO, overfishing, pollution, tourism, invasive species, climate-change). Authors explain in their chapters how this information can guide management and conservation actions to help orient and better manage, restore and sustain the ecosystems services and goods that are derived from the ocean, while considering the complex issues that affect the delicate nature of the Islands. This book will contribute to a new understanding of the Galapagos Islands and marine ecosystems.
Author: A. Peter Klimley Publisher: University of Chicago Press ISBN: 0226442497 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 525
Book Description
The Biology of Sharks and Rays is a comprehensive resource on the biological and physiological characteristics of the cartilaginous fishes: sharks, rays, and chimaeras. In sixteen chapters, organized by theme, A. Peter Klimley covers a broad spectrum of topics, including taxonomy, morphology, ecology, and physiology. For example, he explains the body design of sharks and why the ridged, toothlike denticles that cover their entire bodies are present on only part of the rays’ bodies and are absent from those of chimaeras. Another chapter explores the anatomy of the jaws and the role of the muscles and teeth in jaw extension, seizure, and handling of prey. The chapters are richly illustrated with pictures of sharks, diagrams of sensory organs, drawings of the body postures of sharks during threat and reproductive displays, and maps showing the extent of the species’ foraging range and long-distance migrations. Each chapter commences with an anecdote from the author about his own personal experience with the topic, followed by thought-provoking questions and a list of recommended readings in the scientific literature. The book will be a useful textbook for advanced ichthyology students as well as an encyclopedic source for those seeking a greater understanding of these fascinating creatures.
Author: Shawn Larson Publisher: Academic Press ISBN: 012822200X Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 132
Book Description
Sharks in Mexico: Research and Conservation, Volume 85 in the Advances in Marine Biology series, provides in-depth and up-to-date reviews on all aspects of marine biology that will appeal to postgraduates and researchers in marine biology, fisheries science, ecology, zoology and biological oceanography. Reviews articles on the latest advances in marine biology Authored by leading figures in their respective fields of study Presents material that is widely used by managers, students and academic professionals in the marine sciences
Author: Guillermo Paz-y-Miño-C Publisher: Cambridge Scholars Publishing ISBN: 103640188X Category : Nature Languages : en Pages : 619
Book Description
There are hundreds of books and thousands of scientific articles about the Galápagos. This volume is distinctive. The authors, Guillermo Paz-y-Miño-C and Avelina Espinosa, synthesize, integrate, and conceptualize the most recent evolutionary-biology research being conducted in the archipelago’s terrestrial and aquatic environments; the conflicts resulting from human interactions with nature, including local population growth and tourism practices in the context of short- and long-term conservation efforts; and make predictions about the destiny of the Galápagos’ unique biodiversity and landscapes under various scenarios of climate-change impacts, urbanization trends, diversification of tourism, and conservation investments. Offering over 260 figures and diagrams, this work will appeal to a broad audience, including professors in academia, college instructors, postdoctoral fellows, graduate students, and research undergraduates. Another target audience is study-abroad and international field-trip instructors and their students who travel to the Galápagos year-round. Science writers and policymakers will find in this book useful information to discuss and debate about imminent environmental threats to afflict the Galápagos as a consequence of human population growth, tourism practices, and climate change.
Author: Merry D. Camhi Publisher: John Wiley & Sons ISBN: 1444302523 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 536
Book Description
This important and exciting title represents the first authoritative volume focussed on pelagic (open ocean) sharks as a group. Virtually every pelagic shark expert in the world has contributed to this landmark publication which includes the latest data and knowledge on pelagic shark biology, fisheries, management, and conservation. Pelagic sharks face unprecedented levels of exploitation in all the world's oceans through both direct fisheries and by-catch, and effective management for these species is contingent upon solid science and data, which this book brings together for the first time. All those involved in shark biology will need to have a copy of this book.
Author: Bryanna Wargat Publisher: ISBN: Category : Hammerhead sharks -- Atlantic Intracoastal Waterway -- Habitat Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
The scalloped hammerhead shark (Sphyrna lewini) worldwide population has been in sharp decline, and they are currently listed as a globally critically endangered species by the IUCN. This warrants a need to identify and protect critical habitats for the species, such as nurseries, which promote stable populations. A section of the Tolomato River, in northeastern Florida, has shown to host large and consistent numbers of young of year scalloped hammerhead sharks. This gave cause to determine whether this portion of the Atlantic Intracoastal Waterway (ICW) serves as a nursery habitat for the species and to understand how the sharks used the area. To declare the Tolomato River as a nursery habitat, three criteria needed to be met: the species were more commonly found in the Tolomato River as opposed to other sites, individual sharks stayed in the area for long periods of time (weeks or months), and the species used the habitat repeatedly across years. To address these criteria, a catch composition analysis, habitat preference study, mark-recapture analysis, and acoustic tracking were conducted. The results from these studies indicated that scalloped hammerhead neonates have a preference for the Tolomato River compared to other nearby estuaries. They additionally showed that individual scalloped hammerhead sharks are using the habitat for extended periods of time and the species utilizes the Tolomato River annually. These results indicate that the Tolomato River serves as a nursery habitat for the scalloped hammerhead shark. Due to the established importance of nursery habitats to the welfare of shark populations, the identification of nurseries is often required in various management plans. Thus, data from this project contributes to the management of the scalloped hammerhead shark, a species in need of protection.
Author: Michael L. Domeier Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 1439848408 Category : Nature Languages : en Pages : 571
Book Description
Inspired by the International White Shark Symposium in 2010, Global Perspectives on the Biology and Life History of the White Shark incorporates the most important contemporary research findings into a single peer-reviewed book. This beautifully illustrated reference represents a historic change in the context of White Shark (Carcharodon carcharias) research. Once considered one of the most poorly understood and difficult sharks to study, this timely book recognizes a new sophisticated focus on the White Shark, raising its status from obscurity to enlightenment. The Global Perspectives on the Biology and Life History of the White Shark celebrates the White Shark as the most studied shark in the sea. Within the chapters one can find new insights into a vast range of topics, such as behavior, physiology, migration patterns, habitat preferences, daily activity patterns, molecular genetics, reproductive biology and new research methods. The book also delves into population monitoring and policy options for managers and researchers.
Author: James Thomas Ketchum
Author: James Thomas Ketchum
Author: Judith Denkinger
Author: A. Peter Klimley
Author: Shawn Larson
Author: Kanesa M. Duncan
Author: Guillermo Paz-y-Miño-C
Author: Merry D. Camhi
Author: Bryanna Wargat
Author: A. Peter Klimley
Author: Michael L. Domeier