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Author: Alondra Chaire Publisher: ISBN: Category : Brain Languages : en Pages : 82
Book Description
Normal aging comes with increased knowledge, as well as qualitative and quantitative changes in cognitive processes. Previous work with English monolinguals has shown that event-related potential (ERP) measures of sentence comprehension decrease in amplitude (N400), or change in distribution (P600) with age. However, little is known about the electrophysiological correlates of aging with regard to other languages, especially those with richer morpho-syntax than English. In this study, participants read sentences in Spanish, while 2 ERP components related to sentence comprehension were measured: the N400--reflecting meaning-level processes, and the P600--reflecting brain processes sensitive to syntactic information. Sentences included semantic violations, syntactic (gender agreement) violations, or both types of violations. Our aims were to identify the effects of combined semantic and syntactic violations in relation to the effects of single semantic and single syntactic violations on language comprehension in the healthy aging brain. From previous studies in young adults, we predicted that older adults would exhibit larger N400 amplitudes for semantic violations compared to control sentences and gender agreement violations would elicit an increase in late positive amplitude (LPC) compare to control sentences. In addition, double violations were expected to elicit a boosting of the N400 effect over frontal and prefrontal electrodes compared to semantic violations alone, indicating that gender and semantics interact early in processing. As predicted from young adults, we found that semantic violations elicited an N400 and gender agreement violations elicited an LPCa and LPCb. Additionally, we found an unexpected LPC following the N400 due to semantic violations and a LAN preceding the LPC due to gender violations. Finally, based on previous findings in older adults, we found that the N400 effect was trending to reduce with age and no statistic distinction was found between any of the three violations compared to the control at the LPCb window. This suggests that the older adult brain is taxed by reprocessing a sentence after any type of violation in sentence meaning or structure.
Author: Alondra Chaire Publisher: ISBN: Category : Brain Languages : en Pages : 82
Book Description
Normal aging comes with increased knowledge, as well as qualitative and quantitative changes in cognitive processes. Previous work with English monolinguals has shown that event-related potential (ERP) measures of sentence comprehension decrease in amplitude (N400), or change in distribution (P600) with age. However, little is known about the electrophysiological correlates of aging with regard to other languages, especially those with richer morpho-syntax than English. In this study, participants read sentences in Spanish, while 2 ERP components related to sentence comprehension were measured: the N400--reflecting meaning-level processes, and the P600--reflecting brain processes sensitive to syntactic information. Sentences included semantic violations, syntactic (gender agreement) violations, or both types of violations. Our aims were to identify the effects of combined semantic and syntactic violations in relation to the effects of single semantic and single syntactic violations on language comprehension in the healthy aging brain. From previous studies in young adults, we predicted that older adults would exhibit larger N400 amplitudes for semantic violations compared to control sentences and gender agreement violations would elicit an increase in late positive amplitude (LPC) compare to control sentences. In addition, double violations were expected to elicit a boosting of the N400 effect over frontal and prefrontal electrodes compared to semantic violations alone, indicating that gender and semantics interact early in processing. As predicted from young adults, we found that semantic violations elicited an N400 and gender agreement violations elicited an LPCa and LPCb. Additionally, we found an unexpected LPC following the N400 due to semantic violations and a LAN preceding the LPC due to gender violations. Finally, based on previous findings in older adults, we found that the N400 effect was trending to reduce with age and no statistic distinction was found between any of the three violations compared to the control at the LPCb window. This suggests that the older adult brain is taxed by reprocessing a sentence after any type of violation in sentence meaning or structure.
Author: Heather Harris Wright Publisher: John Benjamins Publishing Company ISBN: 9027267316 Category : Language Arts & Disciplines Languages : en Pages : 248
Book Description
Age-related changes in cognitive and language functions have been extensively researched over the past half-century. The older adult represents a unique population for studying cognition and language because of the many challenges that are presented with investigating this population, including individual differences in education, life experiences, health issues, social identity, as well as gender. The purpose of this book is to provide an advanced text that considers these unique challenges and assembles in one source current information regarding (a) language in the aging population and (b) current theories accounting for age-related changes in language function. A thoughtful and comprehensive review of current research spanning different disciplines that study aging will achieve this purpose. Such disciplines include linguistics, psychology, sociolinguistics, neurosciences, cognitive sciences, and communication sciences. As of January 2019, this e-book is freely available, thanks to the support of libraries working with Knowledge Unlatched.
Author: Kenneth M. Heilman Publisher: Cambridge University Press ISBN: 1108453600 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 331
Book Description
Examines the alterations of cognition, perception, and behavior that occur with healthy brain aging, their mechanisms, and their management.
Author: Vincent Torrens Publisher: John Benjamins Publishing Company ISBN: 9027260664 Category : Language Arts & Disciplines Languages : en Pages : 313
Book Description
The present volume presents research on language processing and language disorders. Topics range across typical language processing, child developmental language disorders, adult neurodegenerative disorders and neurological bases of typical or impaired brains. The chapters cover a number of linguistic phenomena, including relative clauses, empty categories, determiner phrases and inflectional morphology. Work in this collection uses a variety of experimental methods, both online and offline, such as eye tracking, reaction times, Event Related Potentials, picture selection, sentence elicitation and picture matching tasks. This book will be useful for linguists, speech therapists, and psycholinguists working on the processing of morphosyntax.
Author: Eugenia Wang Publisher: Elsevier ISBN: 0080533221 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 283
Book Description
Handbook of the Aging Brain brings together diverse scientific disciplines to cover the most recent research findings in an easy-to-read summary. Scientists and clinicians will find a wide spectrum of subjects including gerontology, neurology, psychology, molecular biology, and cellular biology. The book includes general chapters on the neuroanatomy and neurobiology of the aging brain, and moves on to discussion of specifics including signal transduction, cell death, and specific cellular and neurological changes associated with dementia, Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Disease. Other chapters discuss the affect of aging on learning and memory, language, and cognition.
Author: Linda Escobar Publisher: Cambridge Scholars Publishing ISBN: 1443861081 Category : Language Arts & Disciplines Languages : en Pages : 190
Book Description
This volume showcases a selection of empirical research reports presented at the Experimental Psycholinguistics Conference 2012 held at the National University of Distance Learning in Madrid. It deals with original experimental studies on the processing of language, with special emphasis on word access, word recognition, acquisition of vocabulary, and syntax development in numerous languages, including Brazilian Portuguese, English, German, Polish, Russian, and Spanish, among others.
Author: KNEZEVIC Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 1468468057 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 508
Book Description
It was Oscar Wilde who defined the tragedy of old age by saying that " . . . as soon as you are old enough to know better, you don't know anything at all. " As improvements in the quality of health care bring about longer life, our attention has turned from the prolonging of life to the maintenance of involvement in life. In developed nations, a full 100% increase in the ranks of the elderly has appeared and with the benefits of this prolongation have come new and greater needs of the elderly cohort. Our interest is in those processes that may lead to dementia among the elderly, for in dementia we see a thief that robs victims of their memories and their place in life. This text was conceived and developed from an international con ference on neurodevelopment, aging, and cognition; the purpose of this few days a group of experts in these conference was to bring together for a fields from around the world to generate a dialog on common themes and unresolved problems. Our hope was that by keeping the meeting small and informal, we could break through barriers of terminology unique to the areas of developmental neurobiology, neuroscience, cognitive sci ence, and clinical medicine, and have a meaningful discussion on pro cesses that affect the biological integrity and cognitive performance of the aging nervous system.
Author: Alondra Chaire
Author: Alondra Chaire
Author: Henryk M. Wisniewski
Author: Heather Harris Wright
Author: Kenneth M. Heilman
Author: James Robert Connor
Author: Vincent Torrens
Author: 
Author: Eugenia Wang
Author: Linda Escobar
Author: KNEZEVIC