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Author: Frank Siegert Publisher: ISBN: Category : Large Hadron Collider (France and Switzerland) Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
This thesis discusses recent developments for the simulation of particle physics in the light of the start-up of the Large Hadron Collider. Simulation programs for fully exclusive events, dubbed Monte-Carlo event generators, are improved in areas related to the perturbative as well as non-perturbative regions of strong interactions. A short introduction to the main principles of event generation is given to serve as a basis for the following discussion. An existing algorithm for the correction of parton-shower emissions with the help of exact tree-level matrix elements is revisited and significantly improved as attested by first results. In a next step, an automated implementation of the POWHEG method is presented. It allows for the combination of parton showers with full next-to-leading order QCD calculations and has been tested in several processes. These two methods are then combined into a more powerful framework which allows to correct a parton shower with full next-to-leading order matrix elements and higher-order tree-level matrix elements at the same time. Turning to the non-perturbative aspects of event generation, a tuning of the Pythia event generator within the Monte-Carlo working group of the ATLAS experiment is presented. It is based on early ATLAS minimum bias measurements obtained with minimal model dependence. The parts of the detector relevant for these measurements are briefly explained. Throughout the thesis, results obtained with the improvements are compared to experimental measurements.
Author: Frank Siegert Publisher: ISBN: Category : Large Hadron Collider (France and Switzerland) Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
This thesis discusses recent developments for the simulation of particle physics in the light of the start-up of the Large Hadron Collider. Simulation programs for fully exclusive events, dubbed Monte-Carlo event generators, are improved in areas related to the perturbative as well as non-perturbative regions of strong interactions. A short introduction to the main principles of event generation is given to serve as a basis for the following discussion. An existing algorithm for the correction of parton-shower emissions with the help of exact tree-level matrix elements is revisited and significantly improved as attested by first results. In a next step, an automated implementation of the POWHEG method is presented. It allows for the combination of parton showers with full next-to-leading order QCD calculations and has been tested in several processes. These two methods are then combined into a more powerful framework which allows to correct a parton shower with full next-to-leading order matrix elements and higher-order tree-level matrix elements at the same time. Turning to the non-perturbative aspects of event generation, a tuning of the Pythia event generator within the Monte-Carlo working group of the ATLAS experiment is presented. It is based on early ATLAS minimum bias measurements obtained with minimal model dependence. The parts of the detector relevant for these measurements are briefly explained. Throughout the thesis, results obtained with the improvements are compared to experimental measurements.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 226
Book Description
We review the physics basis, main features and use of general-purpose Monte Carlo event generators for the simulation of proton-proton collisions at the Large Hadron Collider. Topics included are: the generation of hard-scattering matrix elements for processes of interest, at both leading and next-to-leading QCD perturbative order; their matching to approximate treatments of higher orders based on the showering approximation; the parton and dipole shower formulations; parton distribution functions for event generators; non-perturbative aspects such as soft QCD collisions, the underlying event and diffractive processes; the string and cluster models for hadron formation; the treatment of hadron and tau decays; the inclusion of QED radiation and beyond-Standard-Model processes. We describe the principal features of the Ariadne, Herwig++, Pythia 8 and Sherpa generators, together with the Rivet and Professor validation and tuning tools, and discuss the physics philosophy behind the proper use of these generators and tools. This review is aimed at phenomenologists wishing to understand better how parton-level predictions are translated into hadron-level events as well as experimentalists wanting a deeper insight into the tools available for signal and background simulation at the LHC.
Author: T. Binoth Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 1439837708 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 415
Book Description
Exploring the phenomenology of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN, LHC Physics focuses on the first years of data collected at the LHC as well as the experimental and theoretical tools involved. It discusses a broad spectrum of experimental and theoretical activity in particle physics, from the searches for the Higgs boson and physics beyond the Standard Model to studies of quantum chromodynamics, the B-physics sector, and the properties of dense hadronic matter in heavy-ion collisions. Covering the topics in a pedagogical manner, the book introduces the theoretical and phenomenological framework of hadron collisions and presents the current theoretical models of frontier physics. It offers overviews of the main detector components, the initial calibration procedures, and search strategies. The authors also provide explicit examples of physics analyses drawn from the recently shut down Tevatron. In the coming years, or perhaps even sooner, the LHC experiments may reveal the Higgs boson and offer insight beyond the Standard Model. Written by some of the most prominent and active researchers in particle physics, this volume equips new physicists with the theory and tools needed to understand the various LHC experiments and prepares them to make future contributions to the field.
Author: David Elliot Winn Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
As the Large Hadron Collider has switched on at CERN in Geneva, accurate predictions for complex hadronic processes are essential for the validation of theory and therefore the success of the machine. After motivating the requirement for a Monte Carlo event generator, the principles and Physics behind such a generator are laid out. Following this, the Monte Carlo tuning system Professor is used to give an assessment of the uncertainty from tuning Herwig++ and the results from this analysis used, along with a more accurate implementation of Higgs boson decays using the POWHEG method, to determine the error associated with searching for the Higgs boson with a jet substructure technique. Then, modifications to the shower to take into account the top quark width are presented along with radiation patterns from top quark production processes for up to two external gluons. A general algorithm is outlined for systematically including these corrections. Finally, as the LHC is ultimately a discovery machine, it is pertinent to provide Monte Carlo studies of new Physics. The colour sextet diquark model is looked at in the final chapter of this thesis, and the associated phenomenology studied.
Author: Lance Dixon Publisher: World Scientific ISBN: 9814678775 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 636
Book Description
This volume is a compilation of the lectures at TASI 2014. The coverage focuses on modern calculational techniques for scattering amplitudes, and on the phenomenology of QCD in hadronic collisions. Introductions to flavor physics, dark matter, and physics beyond the Standard Model are also provided. The lectures are accessible to graduate students at the initial stages of their research careers.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 10
Book Description
Recent progress on general-purpose Monte-Carlo event generators is reviewed with emphasis on the simulation of hard QCD processes and subsequent parton cascades. Describing full final states of high-energy particle collisions in contemporary experiments is an intricate task. Hundreds of particles are typically produced, and the reactions involve both large and small momentum transfer. The high-dimensional phase space makes an exact solution of the problem impossible. Instead, one typically resorts to regarding events as factorized into different steps, ordered descending in the mass scales or invariant momentum transfers which are involved. In this picture, a hard interaction, described through fixed-order perturbation theory, is followed by multiple Bremsstrahlung emissions off initial- and final-state and, finally, by the hadronization process, which binds QCD partons into color-neutral hadrons. Each of these steps can be treated independently, which is the basic concept inherent to general-purpose event generators. Their development is nowadays often focused on an improved description of radiative corrections to hard processes through perturbative QCD. In this context, the concept of jets is introduced, which allows to relate sprays of hadronic particles in detectors to the partons in perturbation theory. In this talk, we briefly review recent progress on perturbative QCD in event generation. The main focus lies on the general-purpose Monte-Carlo programs HERWIG, PYTHIA and SHERPA, which will be the workhorses for LHC phenomenology. A detailed description of the physics models included in these generators can be found in [8]. We also discuss matrix-element generators, which provide the parton-level input for general-purpose Monte Carlo.
Author: Paolo Bartalini Publisher: World Scientific Publishing ISBN: 981322777X Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 472
Book Description
Many high-energy collider experiments (including the current Large Hadron Collider at CERN) involve the collision of hadrons. Hadrons are composite particles consisting of partons (quarks and gluons), and this means that in any hadron–hadron collision there will typically be multiple collisions of the constituents — i.e. multiple parton interactions (MPI). Understanding the nature of the MPI is important in terms of searching for new physics in the products of the scatters, and also in its own right to gain a greater understanding of hadron structure. This book aims at providing a pedagogical introduction and a comprehensive review of different research lines linked by an involvement of MPI phenomena. It is written by pioneers as well as young leading scientists, and reviews both experimental findings and theoretical developments, discussing also the remaining open issues.
Author: Christian W. Fabjan Publisher: Springer Nature ISBN: 3030353184 Category : Elementary particles (Physics). Languages : en Pages : 1083
Book Description
This second open access volume of the handbook series deals with detectors, large experimental facilities and data handling, both for accelerator and non-accelerator based experiments. It also covers applications in medicine and life sciences. A joint CERN-Springer initiative, the "Particle Physics Reference Library" provides revised and updated contributions based on previously published material in the well-known Landolt-Boernstein series on particle physics, accelerators and detectors (volumes 21A, B1,B2,C), which took stock of the field approximately one decade ago. Central to this new initiative is publication under full open access
Author: Timo Janßen Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
Monte Carlo event generators are nowadays indispensable tools for predictions based on first principles in high energy physics, and they represent one of the mainstays of particle physics research at the Large Hadron Collider. In the dawn of the high luminosity upgrade of the Large Hadron Collider, there is a push to more complex signatures and higher accuracy, rendering the generation of simulated events more expensive. At the same time, there are strict limitations on the computational budget. In this situation, the efficiency of event generators can be identified as a key issue. The rece...
Author: Frank Siegert
Author: Frank Siegert
Author: 
Author: T. Binoth
Author: David Elliot Winn
Author: Lance Dixon
Author: Guido Altarelli
Author: 
Author: Paolo Bartalini
Author: Christian W. Fabjan
Author: Timo Janßen