Molecular Physiology of Synaptic Sound Encoding at the First Auditory Synapse PDF Download

Author: Stefanie Krinner
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Languages : en
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To achieve accurate encoding of sounds, inner hair cell (IHC) ribbon-type synapses are highly specialized to release synaptic vesicles (SVs) with high rates and temporal precision. A sophisticated, by far not yet fully disentangled unconventional molecular machinery at the synapse active zone (AZ) realizes this impressive performance. It regulates the number of synaptic CaV1.3 Ca2+-channels, their tight coupling to SVs, and fast re-supply of SVs for sustained rates of exocytosis. Sound-evoked glutamate release from an IHC synapse is sensed by the postsynaptic spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs)....

Author: Özge Demet Özçete
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Languages : en
Pages : 0

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The inner hair cell (IHC) synapse, the first relay station of the auditory system, is able to encode sound with sub-millisecond precision and without any signs of fatigue (Matthews and Fuchs, 2010; Pangršicˇ et al., 2012; Safieddine et al., 2012). Consequently, the IHC synapse manages a high rate of neurotransmitter release per active zone (AZ), which requires a fine balance between fast exocytosis and subsequent endocytosis (Pangrsic et al., 2010; Pangrsic and Vogl, 2018). The molecular physiology of this synapse is unconventional and far from understood. Furthermore, for a given sound fre...

Author:
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Languages : en
Pages : 210

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Afferent synapses between inner hair cells (IHCs) and spiral ganglion neurons in the cochlea translate sound information into a discrete spike code, providing us the opportunity to directly observe the output of the cochlea. The availability of mutant strains with genetic hearing impairment makes the mouse a valuable species to investigate the molecular mechanisms of cochlear function. In this thesis, mouse was used as a model species to study cochlear sound encoding by recording single unit activities from auditory nerve fibers (ANFs) in vivo. First, developmental changes of ANF responses ...

Author: Tzu-Lun Wang
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Languages : en
Pages : 0

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Sound intensity is encoded as action potential firing rates by spiral ganglion neurons. These neurons show different rate-level functions with different auditory thresholds, and are thought to collectively encode the large dynamic range of the auditory stimuli. Hair cell ribbon synapses drive the action potential firing in spiral ganglion neurons through release of glutamate that is triggered by voltage-gated Ca2+ channels. Therefore, the investigation of presynaptic Ca2+ signaling and its relationship to synaptic ribbons might help to explain how inner hair cells (IHCs) decompose auditory ...

Author: Theocharis Alvanos
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Languages : en
Pages : 0

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Bushy cells (BCs) of the anteroventral cochlear nucleus (aVCN) are the first relay station of ascending auditory information. Sound is transformed from mechanical to electrical stimuli by the inner hair cells of the cochlea and transmitted to the auditory brainstem by spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs). To enable consistent firing of Bushy cells, auditory nerve fibers, arising from SGNs terminate on BCs with large calyceal axosomatic endings, called the endbulbs of Held. Since BCs are tuned to respond with short action potentials, phase lock and entrain to the sound stimulus, endbulbs display p...

Author: Laurence O. Trussell
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 144199517X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 242

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Book Description
Synaptic Mechanisms in the Auditory System will provide a basic reference for students, clinicians, and researchers on how synapses in the auditory system function to encode acoustic signals. These mechanisms are the groundwork for all auditory processing, and understanding them requires knowledge of the microphysiology of synapses, cellular biophysics, receptor pharmacology, and an appreciation for what these synapses must do for a living, what unique jobs they carry out.

Author: Philippe Jean
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Languages : en
Pages : 0

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Book Description
Cochlear inner hair cells (IHCs) are the genuine sensory receptors that translate sound-borne cochlear vibrations into neuronal signals via ribbon synapses with the spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs). The precise mechanisms of these ribbon synapses, the first relay of the auditory pathway, are still not fully resolved. Sound intensity coding over a wide dynamic range is thought to be fractionated through the SGNs presenting distinct firing characteristics. One hypothesis is that much of this diversity reflects the presynaptic heterogeneity observed among the active zones (AZs) of IHCs. There, a...

Author: Alain Dabdoub
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 1493930311
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 300

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Book Description
This volume details the essential role of the spiral ganglion neurons. The volume elucidates and characterizes their development, their environment, their electrophysiological characteristics, their connectivity to their targets in the inner ear and the brain, and discusses the potential for their regeneration. A comprehensive review about the spiral ganglion neurons is important for researchers not only in the inner ear field but also in development, neuroscience, biophysics as well as neural networks researchers. The chapters are authored by leading researchers in the field.

Author: Lina Maria Jaime Tobón
Publisher:
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Languages : en
Pages : 0

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Book Description
Inner hair cells (IHC) are responsible for transforming mechanical sound-borne vibrations into electrical signals and conveying this information to the afferent spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs). Upon stimulation, the receptor potential triggers the opening of voltage-gated Ca2+ channels, mediating the fusion of vesicles and the consequent release of neurotransmitter from the presynaptic active zone to the postsynaptic bouton. In vivo recordings from SGNs revealed highly synchronized onset responses and indefatigably sustained firing rates. A plethora of techniques has been used to understand ...

Author: Lina Maria Jaime Tobon
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :

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Book Description
Inner hair cells (IHC) are responsible for transforming mechanical sound-borne vibrations into electrical signals and conveying this information to the afferent spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs). Upon stimulation, the receptor potential triggers the opening of voltage-gated Ca2+ channels, mediating the fusion of vesicles and the consequent release of neurotransmitter from the presynaptic active zone to the postsynaptic bouton. In vivo recordings from SGNs revealed highly synchronized onset responses and indefatigably sustained firing rates. A plethora of techniques has been used to understand ...