Molecular Physiology of Sound Encoding PDF Download

Author: Lina Maria Jaime Tobon
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Languages : en
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Inner hair cells (IHC) are responsible for transforming mechanical sound-borne vibrations into electrical signals and conveying this information to the afferent spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs). Upon stimulation, the receptor potential triggers the opening of voltage-gated Ca2+ channels, mediating the fusion of vesicles and the consequent release of neurotransmitter from the presynaptic active zone to the postsynaptic bouton. In vivo recordings from SGNs revealed highly synchronized onset responses and indefatigably sustained firing rates. A plethora of techniques has been used to understand ...

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Languages : en
Pages : 210

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Afferent synapses between inner hair cells (IHCs) and spiral ganglion neurons in the cochlea translate sound information into a discrete spike code, providing us the opportunity to directly observe the output of the cochlea. The availability of mutant strains with genetic hearing impairment makes the mouse a valuable species to investigate the molecular mechanisms of cochlear function. In this thesis, mouse was used as a model species to study cochlear sound encoding by recording single unit activities from auditory nerve fibers (ANFs) in vivo. First, developmental changes of ANF responses ...

Author: Lina Maria Jaime Tobón
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Languages : en
Pages : 0

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Book Description
Inner hair cells (IHC) are responsible for transforming mechanical sound-borne vibrations into electrical signals and conveying this information to the afferent spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs). Upon stimulation, the receptor potential triggers the opening of voltage-gated Ca2+ channels, mediating the fusion of vesicles and the consequent release of neurotransmitter from the presynaptic active zone to the postsynaptic bouton. In vivo recordings from SGNs revealed highly synchronized onset responses and indefatigably sustained firing rates. A plethora of techniques has been used to understand ...

Author: Stefanie Krinner
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Languages : en
Pages : 0

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To achieve accurate encoding of sounds, inner hair cell (IHC) ribbon-type synapses are highly specialized to release synaptic vesicles (SVs) with high rates and temporal precision. A sophisticated, by far not yet fully disentangled unconventional molecular machinery at the synapse active zone (AZ) realizes this impressive performance. It regulates the number of synaptic CaV1.3 Ca2+-channels, their tight coupling to SVs, and fast re-supply of SVs for sustained rates of exocytosis. Sound-evoked glutamate release from an IHC synapse is sensed by the postsynaptic spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs)....

Author: Özge Demet Özçete
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Languages : en
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The inner hair cell (IHC) synapse, the first relay station of the auditory system, is able to encode sound with sub-millisecond precision and without any signs of fatigue (Matthews and Fuchs, 2010; Pangršicˇ et al., 2012; Safieddine et al., 2012). Consequently, the IHC synapse manages a high rate of neurotransmitter release per active zone (AZ), which requires a fine balance between fast exocytosis and subsequent endocytosis (Pangrsic et al., 2010; Pangrsic and Vogl, 2018). The molecular physiology of this synapse is unconventional and far from understood. Furthermore, for a given sound fre...

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Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0128054093
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 5215

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The Senses: A Comprehensive Reference, Second Edition, Seven Volume Set is a comprehensive reference work covering the range of topics that constitute current knowledge of the neural mechanisms underlying the different senses. This important work provides the most up-to-date, cutting-edge, comprehensive reference combining volumes on all major sensory modalities in one set. Offering 264 chapters from a distinguished team of international experts, The Senses lays out current knowledge on the anatomy, physiology, and molecular biology of sensory organs, in a collection of comprehensive chapters spanning 4 volumes. Topics covered include the perception, psychophysics, and higher order processing of sensory information, as well as disorders and new diagnostic and treatment methods. Written for a wide audience, this reference work provides students, scholars, medical doctors, as well as anyone interested in neuroscience, a comprehensive overview of the knowledge accumulated on the function of sense organs, sensory systems, and how the brain processes sensory input. As with the first edition, contributions from leading scholars from around the world will ensure The Senses offers a truly international portrait of sensory physiology. The set is the definitive reference on sensory neuroscience and provides the ultimate entry point into the review and original literature in Sensory Neuroscience enabling students and scientists to delve into the subject and deepen their knowledge. All-inclusive coverage of topics: updated edition offers readers the only current reference available covering neurobiology, physiology, anatomy, and molecular biology of sense organs and the processing of sensory information in the brain Authoritative content: world-leading contributors provide readers with a reputable, dynamic and authoritative account of the topics under discussion Comprehensive-style content: in-depth, complex coverage of topics offers students at upper undergraduate level and above full insight into topics under discussion

Author: Tzu-Lun Wang
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Languages : en
Pages : 0

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Sound intensity is encoded as action potential firing rates by spiral ganglion neurons. These neurons show different rate-level functions with different auditory thresholds, and are thought to collectively encode the large dynamic range of the auditory stimuli. Hair cell ribbon synapses drive the action potential firing in spiral ganglion neurons through release of glutamate that is triggered by voltage-gated Ca2+ channels. Therefore, the investigation of presynaptic Ca2+ signaling and its relationship to synaptic ribbons might help to explain how inner hair cells (IHCs) decompose auditory ...

Author: Theocharis Alvanos
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Languages : en
Pages : 0

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Bushy cells (BCs) of the anteroventral cochlear nucleus (aVCN) are the first relay station of ascending auditory information. Sound is transformed from mechanical to electrical stimuli by the inner hair cells of the cochlea and transmitted to the auditory brainstem by spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs). To enable consistent firing of Bushy cells, auditory nerve fibers, arising from SGNs terminate on BCs with large calyceal axosomatic endings, called the endbulbs of Held. Since BCs are tuned to respond with short action potentials, phase lock and entrain to the sound stimulus, endbulbs display p...

Author: Tanvi Butola
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Languages : en
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Signal transmission lies at the core of brain function. Understanding how information is transferred from one neuron to the other is the first step toward deciphering not just normal brain processing but the pathology of a diseased brain. This thesis investigates the role of three proteins (Piccolo, Bassoon and RIM-BP2) that are crucial for the neurotransmitter release machinery and of the BEACH protein, LRBA2 that drew attention as a candidate to study sensory signal processing because of the hearing deficit reported in LRBA2 KO mice. Through a combination of in vitro and in vivo electroph...

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Category : Medicine
Languages : en
Pages : 1064

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