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Author: Bela Bodey Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 1402028040 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 365
Book Description
Childhood brain tumors are a diverse group of diseases characterized by the abnormal growth of tissue contained within the skull. Other than leukemia and lymphoma, brain tumors are the most common type of neoplasms that occur in children. The leading cause of death from childhood neoplasms among persons up to 19 years is brain tumors. As such, this book is a review of the most recent molecular biological research concerning brain tumors with references and comparisons to a variety of neoplastic disorders. The book then uses this information to foreshadow the direction that future anti-neoplastic therapies will take. Because of the wide spectrum of the objectives of the book, any individual involved in cancer research will greatly benefit from the work. Histopathologists, neuropathologists, clinical and research oncologists, and medical students will find this book to be an invaluable resource as a reference guide. Patients and their families will also find the book useful as it offers a comprehensive update on new, non-classical therapeutic modality options and contains a detailed description and analysis of brain tumors. Such an endeavor has yet to be undertaken by any other book and may prove to be the most comprehensive book on brain tumors thus far.
Author: Bela Bodey Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 1402028040 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 365
Book Description
Childhood brain tumors are a diverse group of diseases characterized by the abnormal growth of tissue contained within the skull. Other than leukemia and lymphoma, brain tumors are the most common type of neoplasms that occur in children. The leading cause of death from childhood neoplasms among persons up to 19 years is brain tumors. As such, this book is a review of the most recent molecular biological research concerning brain tumors with references and comparisons to a variety of neoplastic disorders. The book then uses this information to foreshadow the direction that future anti-neoplastic therapies will take. Because of the wide spectrum of the objectives of the book, any individual involved in cancer research will greatly benefit from the work. Histopathologists, neuropathologists, clinical and research oncologists, and medical students will find this book to be an invaluable resource as a reference guide. Patients and their families will also find the book useful as it offers a comprehensive update on new, non-classical therapeutic modality options and contains a detailed description and analysis of brain tumors. Such an endeavor has yet to be undertaken by any other book and may prove to be the most comprehensive book on brain tumors thus far.
Author: Linda M. Liau Publisher: Elsevier Health Sciences ISBN: 0323813062 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 208
Book Description
This issue of Neurosurgery Clinics, guest edited by Dr. Linda M. Liau, is dedicated to Glioblastoma: Molecular and Clinical Trials. This issue is one of four selected each year by the series consulting editors, Drs. Russell R. Lonser and Daniel K. Resnick. Topics will include—but are not limited to—Pathology & Molecular Markers, Cellular States & Genetic Diversity in Glioblastoma, Mismatch Repair in Glioblastoma Resistance, Genetic Susceptibility in Brain Cancer, Pediatric Gliomas: Molecular Landscape & Emerging Targets, Molecularly Targeted Clinical Trials, Novel Radiation Sensitizers, Immunotherapy Checkpoint Inhibitors, Brain Tumor Vaccines, CAR T Cells, Oncolytic Virotherapy, Targeting Cancer Stem Cells, Therapeutic Delivery to CNS, Theranostics: Dual Modality PET Tracers, and Neuroimaging & Novel Response Assessments.
Author: Chandan Ganesh Bangalore Yogananda Publisher: ISBN: Category : Brain Languages : en Pages : 120
Book Description
Gliomas account for the most common malignant primary brain tumors in both pediatric and adult populations. They arise from glial cells and are divided into low grade and high-grade gliomas with significant differences in patient survival. Patients with aggressive high-grade gliomas have life expectancies of less than 2 years. Glioblastoma (GBM) are aggressive brain tumors classified by the world health organization (WHO) as stage IV brain cancer. The overall survival for GBM patients is poor and is in the range of 12 to 15 months. These tumors are typically treated by surgery, followed by radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Gliomas often consist of active tumor tissue, necrotic tissue, and surrounding edema. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is the most commonly used modality to assess brain tumors because of its superior soft tissue contrast. MRI tumor segmentation is used to identify the subcomponents as enhancing, necrotic or edematous tissue. Due to the heterogeneity and tissue relaxation differences in these subcomponents, multi-parametric (or multi-contrast) MRI is often used for accurate segmentation. Manual brain tumor segmentation is a challenging and tedious task for human experts due to the variability of tumor appearance, unclear borders of the tumor and the need to evaluate multiple MR images with different contrasts simultaneously. In addition, manual segmentation is often prone to significant intra- and inter-rater variability. To address these issues, Chapter 2 of my dissertation aims at designing and developing a highly accurate, 3D Dense-Unet Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) for segmenting brain tumors into subcomponents that can easily be incorporated into a clinical workflow.Primary brain tumors demonstrate broad variations in imaging features, response to therapy, and prognosis. It has become evident that this heterogeneity is associated with specific molecular and genetic profiles. For example, isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 and 2 (IDH 1/2) mutated gliomas demonstrate increased survival compared to wild-type gliomas with the same histologic grade.Identification of the IDH mutation status as a marker for therapy and prognosis is considered one of the most important recent discoveries in brain glioma biology. Additionally, 1p/19q co-deletion and O6-methyl guanine-DNA methyl transferase (MGMT) promoter methylation is associated with differences in response to specific chemoradiation regimens. Currently, the only reliable way of determining a molecular marker is by obtaining glioma tissue either via an invasive brain biopsy or following open surgical resection. Although the molecular profiling of gliomas is now a routine part of the evaluation of specimens obtained at biopsy or tumor resection, it would be helpful to have this information prior to surgery. In some cases, the information would aid in planning the extent of tumor resection. In others, for tumors in locations where resection is not possible, and the risk of a biopsy is high, accurate delineation of the molecular and genetic profile of the tumor might be used to guide empiric treatment with radiation and/or chemotherapy. The ability to noninvasively profile these molecular markers using only T2w MRI has significant implications in determining therapy, predicting prognosis, and feasible clinical translation. Thus, Chapters 3, 4 and 5 of my dissertation focuses on developing and evaluating deep learning algorithms for noninvasive profiling of molecular markers in brain gliomas using T2w MRI only. This includes developing highly accurate fully automated deep learning networks for, (i) classification of IDH mutation status (Chapter 3), (ii) classification of 1p/19q co-deletion status (Chapter 4), and (iii)classification of MGMT promoter status in Brain Gliomas (Chapter 5).An important caveat of using MRI is the effects of degradation on the images, such as motion artifact, and in turn, on the performance of deep learning-based algorithms. Motion artifacts are an especially pervasive source of MR image quality degradation and can be due to gross patient movements, as well as cardiac and respiratory motion. In clinical practice, these artifacts can interfere with diagnostic interpretation, necessitating repeat imaging. The effect of motion artifacts on medical images and deep learning based molecular profiling algorithms has not been studied systematically. It is likely that motion corruption will also lead to reduced performance of deep learning algorithms in classifying brain tumor images.Deep learning based brain tumor segmentation and molecular profiling algorithms generally perform well only on specific datasets. Clinical translation of such algorithms has the potential to reduce interobserver variability, and improve planning for radiation therapy, improve speed &response to therapy. Although these algorithms perform very well on several publicly available datasets, their generalization to clinical datasets or tasks have been poor, preventing easy clinical translation. Thus, Chapter 6 of my dissertation focuses on evaluating the performance of the molecular profiling algorithms on motion corrupted, motion corrected and clinical T2w MRI. This includes, (i) evaluating the effect of motion corruption on the molecular profiling algorithms, (ii) determining if deep learning-based motion correction can recover the performance of these algorithms to levels similar to non-corrupted images, and (iii) evaluating the performance of these algorithms on clinical T2w MRI before & after motion correction. This chapter is an investigation on the effects of induced motion artifact on deep learning-based molecular classification, and the relative importance of robust correction methods in recovering the accuracies for potential clinical applicability. Deep-learning studies typically require a very large amount of data to achieve good performance. The number of subjects available from the TCIA database is relatively small when compared to the sample sizes typically required for deep learning. Despite this caveat, the data are representative of real-world clinical experience, with multiparametric MR images from multiple institutions, and represents one of the largest publicly available brain tumor databases.Additionally, the acquisition parameters and imaging vendor platforms are diverse across the imaging centers contributing data to TCIA. This study provides a framework for training,evaluating, and benchmarking any new artifact-correction architectures for potential insertion into a workflow. Although our results show promise for expeditious clinical translation, it will be essential to train and validate the algorithms using additional independent datasets. Thus, Chapter 7 of my dissertation discusses the limitations and possible future directions for this work.
Author: John T. Kemshead Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 1000098796 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 200
Book Description
This monograph explains the considerable impact that monoclonal antibodies and molecular probes have had on the diagnosis of tumor types and sub-types. It explains how radiolabelled monoclonal antibodies have also been used as imaging agents to try to improve the oncologist's ability to define residual tumor deposits after combination chemo/radiotherapy. Finally, the childhood malignancies that still have a poor prognosis are presented, and new novel ways of therapy are explained.
Author: Terry Lichtor Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand ISBN: 9535109898 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 652
Book Description
A dramatic increase in knowledge regarding the molecular biology of brain tumors has been established over the past few years. In particular recent new avenues regarding the role of stem cells and microRNAs along with further understanding of the importance of angiogenesis, immunotherapy and explanations for the resistance of the tumors to chemotherapeutic agents and radiation therapy has been developed. It is hopeful that this new information will lead to efficacious treatment strategies for these tumors which remain a challenge. In this book a review of the latest information on these topics along with a variety of new therapeutic treatment strategies with an emphasis on molecular targeted therapies is provided.
Author: José Javier Otero Publisher: Springer Nature ISBN: 3030691705 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 266
Book Description
This volume provides a balanced and realistic review of the current state of glioblastoma, ranging from traditional histological review, molecular pathology of glioma, modern radiomics, neurosurgical focus, and integration of treatment plans by neuro-oncologists. The book reviews basic principles such as epidemiology and etiology, and modern 2016 WHO classification of CNS tumors. Chapters cover a general overview of common molecular techniques used in molecular pathology, molecular pathology in a developing country, key drivers of patient outcomes and predictors of response to radiation and/or chemotherapy treatment, and immunohistochemical surrogates for key molecular pathology. It concludes with reviews on radiomics, animal and stem cell models of glioblastoma, and a chapter on the emerging field of Glioblastoma Neuroscience. Precision Molecular Pathology of Glioblastoma is intended for pathology residents and fellows interested in glioblastoma, general surgical pathologists who need reviews on how to implement modern glioblastoma classification, as well as neuro-radiologists, oncologists, and radiation oncologists needing a holistic perspective to glioblastoma diagnosis and management.
Author: Liam Chen Publisher: Frontiers Media SA ISBN: 2889661644 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 283
Book Description
This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact.
Author: Gene H. Barnett Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 1597451851 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 493
Book Description
This is truly an exciting time in the field of neuro-oncology, particularly in the area of hi- grade gliomas. The management of patients with high-grade gliomas has historically been one of the most challenging and disheartening fields in medicine, where failure is the rule and longevity is the exception. The jaded often state that despite purported advances in surgical and radiotherapeutic techniques and a myriad of clinical trials of medical therapies, the s- vival statistics for glioblastoma have not changed in the last three decades. The nihilism associated with these tumors is such that some practitioners still advise against treatment or even biopsy, recommending palliative care with the diagnosis based only on history and an MRI scan. If the current state-of-the-art in the diagnosis and management of high-grade gliomas was truly so bleak, there would be no reason to compile and publish a monograph on the subject. The fact is that we have recently entered an era where real progress is being made in our understanding and treatment of high-grade gliomas that is directly benefiting some patients. We are slowly but surely chipping away at this problem. One approach has exploited correlations between particular molecular markers and therapeutic response. The first such “breakthrough” in high-grade glioma was the observation that loss of chromosomes 1p and 19q uniformly predict chemosensitivity in anaplastic oligodendrogliomas (1).
Author: M.A. Hayat Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 940072019X Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 295
Book Description
The most recent developments in diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of Gliomas (glioblastoma) in the brain are presented. The importance of personalized medicine and clinical validation for targeted therapy are discussed. The identification of various types of biomarkers (determined by molecular genetics) is included, along with their advantages and limitations as markers in tumor detection and diagnosis. The identification and validation of brain cancer (glioblastoma) genes are discussed. The role of cancer stem cells in the initiation and persistence of malignant gliomas is explained; response of glioblastoma cancer stem cells to various growth factors, such as epidermal growth factor receptor kinase inhibitor, is explained. The use of surgical resection, chemotherapy (e.g., temozolomide), immunotherapy, and radiation therapy for glioblastoma patients is included. Biological impediments for chemotherapy and radiotherapy for malignant glioblastoma are pointed out. Standard (established) as well as newer imaging modalities (proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy) are discussed. Also included are proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in intracranial gliomas, and the use of proton magnetic spectroscopic imaging in determining the infiltration zone in gliomas. The role of molecular signaling in the CNS cancer development is explained, including cell death signaling in glioblastoma multiforme. The most recent developments in diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of Gliomas (glioblastoma) in the brain are presented. The importance of personalized medicine and clinical validation for targeted therapy are discussed. The identification of various types of biomarkers (determined by molecular genetics) is included, along with their advantages and limitations as markers in tumor detection and diagnosis. The identification and validation of brain cancer (glioblastoma) genes are discussed. The role of cancer stem cells in the initiation and persistence of malignant gliomas is explained; response of glioblastoma cancer stem cells to various growth factors, such as epidermal growth factor receptor kinase inhibitor, is explained. The use of surgical resection, chemotherapy (e.g., temozolomide), immunotherapy, and radiation therapy for glioblastoma patients is included. Biological impediments for chemotherapy and radiotherapy for malignant glioblastoma are pointed out. Standard (established) as well as newer imaging modalities (proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy) are discussed. Also included are proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in intracranial gliomas, and the use of proton magnetic spectroscopic imaging in determining the infiltration zone in gliomas. The role of molecular signaling in the CNS cancer development is explained, including cell death signaling in glioblastoma multiforme.
Author: Bela Bodey
Author: Bela Bodey
Author: Linda M. Liau
Author: Thomas James Deeley
Author: Chandan Ganesh Bangalore Yogananda
Author: John T. Kemshead
Author: Terry Lichtor
Author: José Javier Otero
Author: Liam Chen
Author: Gene H. Barnett
Author: M.A. Hayat