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Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
Stem rust, caused by Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici, has successfully prevented rust epidemics by Deployment of resistant cultivars in the past several decades. Unfortunately, race TTKS (termed Ug99) has defeated most stem rust resistance genes existing in commercial cultivars. Sr40, a stem rust resistance gene from Triticum timopheevii ssp. araraticum, was transferred to wheat and provides effective levels of seedling and adult plant resistance against Ug99. To characterize Sr40 in wheat, two mapping populations were developed from the crosses RL6088 / Lakin and RL6088 / 2174. RL6088 is an Ug99-resistant parent with Sr40. Since race TTKS is a quarantined pathogen, a US stem rust isolate RKQQ that is avirulent to Sr40 was used to evaluate the rust resistance in the F[subscript]2 and F[subscript]2:3 populations at the seedling stage. A total of 83 simple sequence repeats (SSR) primers on chromosome 2B were used to screen the parents for polymorphism. Each F[subscript]2 population was analyzed with the markers polymorphic between two parents. Marker Xwmc344 was the most closely linked to Sr40, at 0.7 cM proximal, in the linkage map constructed from the population RL6088 / Lakin, while Xwmc474 and Xgwm374 were also tightly linked. Xwmc474 was mapped 2.5 cM proximal to Sr40 in the RL6088 / 2174 population. Xwmc474 and Xwmc661 were flanking markers for Sr40 in both populations. Markers linked to Sr40 will be useful for marker-assisted integration of Sr40 into elite wheat breeding lines. In addition, a unknown stem rust resistance gene from another source, OK01307, a breeding line from Oklahoma State University shows partial resistance to Ug99, and was characterized using SSRs in this study. Two mapping populations were developed from cross OK01307 / Chinese Spring and OK01307 / LMPG-6. A total of 1300 SSR primers were screened for polymorphism between OK01307 and Chinese spring, and 1000 SSR primers were screened for polymorphism between OK01307 and LMPG-6. Polymorphic primers between parents and between bulks were used to screen the corresponding population. One Sr gene in OK01307 was mapped on chromosome 1BS of the both populations, which was closely linked to Sr24. Whether the gene is Sr24 per se or a new Sr gene that closely linked to Sr24 needs further investigation.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
Stem rust, caused by Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici, has successfully prevented rust epidemics by Deployment of resistant cultivars in the past several decades. Unfortunately, race TTKS (termed Ug99) has defeated most stem rust resistance genes existing in commercial cultivars. Sr40, a stem rust resistance gene from Triticum timopheevii ssp. araraticum, was transferred to wheat and provides effective levels of seedling and adult plant resistance against Ug99. To characterize Sr40 in wheat, two mapping populations were developed from the crosses RL6088 / Lakin and RL6088 / 2174. RL6088 is an Ug99-resistant parent with Sr40. Since race TTKS is a quarantined pathogen, a US stem rust isolate RKQQ that is avirulent to Sr40 was used to evaluate the rust resistance in the F[subscript]2 and F[subscript]2:3 populations at the seedling stage. A total of 83 simple sequence repeats (SSR) primers on chromosome 2B were used to screen the parents for polymorphism. Each F[subscript]2 population was analyzed with the markers polymorphic between two parents. Marker Xwmc344 was the most closely linked to Sr40, at 0.7 cM proximal, in the linkage map constructed from the population RL6088 / Lakin, while Xwmc474 and Xgwm374 were also tightly linked. Xwmc474 was mapped 2.5 cM proximal to Sr40 in the RL6088 / 2174 population. Xwmc474 and Xwmc661 were flanking markers for Sr40 in both populations. Markers linked to Sr40 will be useful for marker-assisted integration of Sr40 into elite wheat breeding lines. In addition, a unknown stem rust resistance gene from another source, OK01307, a breeding line from Oklahoma State University shows partial resistance to Ug99, and was characterized using SSRs in this study. Two mapping populations were developed from cross OK01307 / Chinese Spring and OK01307 / LMPG-6. A total of 1300 SSR primers were screened for polymorphism between OK01307 and Chinese spring, and 1000 SSR primers were screened for polymorphism between OK01307 and LMPG-6. Polymorphic primers between parents and between bulks were used to screen the corresponding population. One Sr gene in OK01307 was mapped on chromosome 1BS of the both populations, which was closely linked to Sr24. Whether the gene is Sr24 per se or a new Sr gene that closely linked to Sr24 needs further investigation.
Author: Xianming Chen Publisher: Springer ISBN: 9402411119 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 723
Book Description
This book comprehensively introduces stripe rust disease, its development and its integral control. Covering the biology, genetics, genome, and functional genomics of the pathogen, it also discusses host and non-host resistance, their interactions and the epidemiology of the disease. It is intended for scientists, postgraduates and undergraduate studying stripe rust, plant pathology, crop breeding, crop protection and agricultural science, but is also a valuable reference book for consultants and administrators in agricultural businesses and education.
Author: Jemanesh Kifetew Haile Publisher: Cuvillier Verlag ISBN: 3736943253 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 134
Book Description
Ethiopia is the second largest wheat producer in the sub-Saharan Africa. The country is rich in genetic resources of tetraploid wheat and has suitable environments for wheat production. However, the country is a net importer of wheat particularly durum wheat (hard wheat). The demand for durum wheat is continuously increasing because of the new emerging food processing industries. But the productivity of wheat in Ethiopia is low due to biotic and abiotic stresses. Among the biotic factors, diseases particularly stem rust play a significant role in yield reduction. As a result of a recent spread of a new and highly virulent race of Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici (Pgt), Ug99, stem rust is becoming a serious threat to wheat production in Ethiopia as well as in other East African and wheat producing countries. Therefore, it is important to identify new resistance sources and to apply marker assisted selection for sustainable and efficient control stem rust. The aims of the studies included in this thesis were (i) identification of QTL and test for epistatic effects in a segregating population for resistance to stem rust, (ii) identification of stem rust resistance (Sr) genes that are present in durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) varieties that were released in Ethiopia during the period 1966–2009 and tetraploid wheat landraces using linked/diagnostic molecular markers and (iii) Evaluation of genetic diversity and relationship pattern within and among these tetraploid wheat landraces and improved varieties based on SSR/STS markers including those linked with reported stem rust resistance genes and QTL. Across all the three experiments, our study demonstrates that there exist potential germplasm and strategies to combat the threat posed by Ug99 and its derivatives. These results provide useful information to wheat breeders in Ethiopia and other national and international programs, regarding the use of available landraces and released varieties for the enhancement of the genetic base of wheat germplsm. Particularly it will give an alarm for Ethiopian wheat breeders to broaden the genetic base of the varieties that will be released in the future since most of the varieties released for the last five decades have a narrow genetic base. In addition, our research provides a base of knowledge for future QTL and gene mapping conferring resistance to stem rust and the use of the linked markers in marker assisted selection.
Author: Yasunari Ogihara Publisher: Springer ISBN: 4431556753 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 421
Book Description
This proceedings is a collection of 46 selected papers that were presented at the 12th International Wheat Genetics Symposium (IWGS). Since the launch of the wheat genome sequencing project in 2005, the arrival of draft genome sequences has marked a new era in wheat genetics and genomics, catalyzing rapid advancement in the field. This book provides a comprehensive review of the forefront of wheat research, across various important topics such as germplasm and genetic diversity, cytogenetics and allopolyploid evolution, genome sequencing, structural and functional genomics, gene function and molecular biology, biotic stress, abiotic stress, grain quality, and classical and molecular breeding. Following an introduction, 9 parts of the book are dedicated to each of these topics. A final, 11th part entitled “Toward Sustainable Wheat Production” contains 7 excellent papers that were presented in the 12th IWGS Special Session supported by the OECD. With rapid population growth and radical climate changes, the world faces a global food crisis and is in need of another Green Revolution to boost yields of wheat and other widely grown staple crops. Although this book focuses on wheat, many of the newly developed techniques and results presented here can be applied to other plant species with large and complex genomes. As such, this volume is highly recommended for all students and researchers in wheat sciences and related plant sciences and for those who are interested in stable food production and food security.
Author: RA McIntosh Publisher: CSIRO PUBLISHING ISBN: 0643103023 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 308
Book Description
Although stem rust has been controlled by means of resistant cultivars, leaf and stripe rust continue as problems for many growing areas of the world. Wheat Rusts: An Atlas of Resistance Genes has been prepared by specialists from one of the leading international laboratories, and illustrates with colour photographs typical resistance phenotypes associated with most known genes for resistance to the three rust diseases of wheat. Relevant details for each gene include chromosome location, aspects of genetics and pathogen variation, the effects of environment on expression, origin, availability in genetic and breeding stocks, and use in agriculture. This atlas includes an introduction to host:pathogen genetics, methodologies for wheat rust research and breeding for resistance.
Author: Lu Liu Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 193
Book Description
Stripe rust, caused by Puccinia striiformis Westend. f. sp. tritici Erikss. (Pst), is one of the most devastating and economically important diseases across major wheat growing regions in the world. Growing resistant cultivars is the most effective and environmentally sound method for controlling the disease. This study was conducted to identify resistance genes/QTL in three winter wheat cultivars Madsen, Skiles and Eltan and develop molecular markers for marker-assisted selection. Madsen has shown high-level and durable resistance since its release in 1988 and was identified to have both all-stage resistance (ASR) and high-temperature adult-plant (HTAP) resistance. Two major effect ASR QTL on chromosome arms 1AS and 2AS, one minor ASR QTL on 1BS and two HTAP resistance QTL on 3BS and 6BS were identified in Madsen. Skiles is susceptible to all tested Pst races at seedling stage but shows strong resistance at adult-plant stage with higher resistance level expressed at high temperature, indicating that Skiles has only HTAP resistance against the tested Pst races. Six HTAP resistance QTL were mapped in Skiles, with two major QTL mapped on 3BS and 4BL and four minor QTL on 1BL, 5AL, 6B and 7DL. Markers linked to the QTL were used to select highly resistant breeding lines derived from crosses with Skiles. Eltan has shown variable reactions from moderate susceptibility to resistance in different years since its release in 1990. Five QTL were detected in Eltan, with two major ASR QTL on 2BS and 4BL, one minor ASR on 5BS and two minor HTAP resistance QTL on 6AS and 7BL. The two major ASR QTL became less effective due to the fact that the Pst population has changed to virulent, leading to the resistance reduction in Eltan. By studying these three wheat cultivars with different genes for different types of resistance, it is concluded that the best strategy to achieve high-level and durable resistance is to combine several genes for effective ASR and adequate HTAP resistance. These studies provide the information of useful genes and molecular markers for improving resistance to stripe rust in wheat cultivars.
Author: Katherine Gambone Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
Stem rust, caused by the fungus Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici, has historically been one of the most important diseases of wheat. Although losses have been much reduced in the last fifty years, new highly virulent races of the pathogen have recently emerged in East Africa. These new races are virulent on nearly all of the currently deployed resistance genes and therefore pose a serious threat to global wheat production. The spring wheat variety 'Kingbird' is thought to contain multiple quantitative trait loci (QTLs) that provide durable, adult-plant resistance against wheat stem rust. Stem rust-susceptible Kansas winter wheat line 'KS05HW14' was backcrossed to Kingbird and 379 recombinant lines were advanced to BC1F5 and then increased for testing. The lines were screened for stem rust resistance in the greenhouse and field in Kansas and in the field in Kenya over multiple years. We identified 16,237 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with the Wheat 90K iSelect SNP Chip assay. After filtering for marker quality, linkage maps were constructed for each wheat chromosome. Composite interval mapping and multiple-QTL mapping identified seven QTLs on chromosome arms 2BL, 2DS, 3BS, 3BSc, 5DL, 7BL, and 7DS. Six QTLs were inherited from Kingbird and one QTL on 7BL was inherited from KS05HW14. The location of the QTL on 2BL is approximately at locus Sr9, 3BS is at Sr2, 3BSc is at Sr12, and 7DS is at Lr34/Yr18/Sr57. Although no QTL was found on 1BL, the presence of resistance gene Lr46/Yr29/Sr58 on 1BL in both parents was indicated by the gene-specific marker csLV46. QTLs on 2DS and 5DL may be related to photoperiod or vernalization genes. Pairwise interactions were only observed with race QFCSC, most notably occurring with QTLs 2BL and 3BSc. These results confirm that there are multiple QTLs present in Kingbird. Ultimately, the identification of the QTLs that make Kingbird resistant will aid in the understanding of durable, non-race-specific resistance to stem rust of wheat.
Author: H.T. Buck Publisher: Springer ISBN: 9781402054969 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 795
Book Description
Providing a unique overview to wheat and related species, this book comprises the proceedings of the 7th International Wheat Conference, held in Mar del Plata, Argentina, at the end of 2005. Leading scientists from all over the world, specialized in different areas that contribute to the better understanding of wheat production and use, review the present achievements and discuss the future challenges for the wheat crop.
Author: 
Author: 
Author: Xianming Chen
Author: Jemanesh Kifetew Haile
Author: Yasunari Ogihara
Author: Alan P. Roelfs
Author: Jeffrey David Kovach
Author: RA McIntosh
Author: Lu Liu
Author: Katherine Gambone
Author: H.T. Buck