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Author: Yunfeng Lin Publisher: Nova Science Publishers ISBN: 9781628087505 Category : Adipose tissues Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
Adipogenesis is the process of cell differentiation by which preadipocytes become adipocytes. Adipogenesis has been one of the most intensively studied models of cellular differentiation. The exact mechanisms of adipogenesis remain unclear, since it involves abundant gene, growth factors, cytokines and environmental factors. This book provides an in-depth overview of current knowledge about the subject of adipogenesis in the human body, including what is known about molecular mechanisms (eg: cytokine- and growth-factor-related). Transcriptional regulators control the expression of target genes by the interaction with cofactors, coactivators, chromatin remodelling complexes and also with general transcriptional machinery. Current data suggests that adipogenesis is regulated by complex signalling pathway interactions involving multiple transcription factors. Many signaling pathways follow an inverse relationship between osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation. To provide better insight into the basic mechanisms of MSC fate determination, it is crucial to understand the various signalling pathways and cytokine interactions that co-ordinate this process. Further elucidation of this dichotomy may both improve understanding of human disease and speed the realisation of MSC mediated tissue engineering. There are a number of gaps in current knowledge of how adipogenesis actually occurs, and the authors are hopeful that the publication of this book will help researchers in this field to decide where to focus their future efforts. Contributions are therefore sought from anyone who is undertaking research in this area. The book will also provide an overview for surgeons and clinicians who wish to be kept abreast of developments in this fascinating subject.
Author: Yunfeng Lin Publisher: Nova Science Publishers ISBN: 9781628087505 Category : Adipose tissues Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
Adipogenesis is the process of cell differentiation by which preadipocytes become adipocytes. Adipogenesis has been one of the most intensively studied models of cellular differentiation. The exact mechanisms of adipogenesis remain unclear, since it involves abundant gene, growth factors, cytokines and environmental factors. This book provides an in-depth overview of current knowledge about the subject of adipogenesis in the human body, including what is known about molecular mechanisms (eg: cytokine- and growth-factor-related). Transcriptional regulators control the expression of target genes by the interaction with cofactors, coactivators, chromatin remodelling complexes and also with general transcriptional machinery. Current data suggests that adipogenesis is regulated by complex signalling pathway interactions involving multiple transcription factors. Many signaling pathways follow an inverse relationship between osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation. To provide better insight into the basic mechanisms of MSC fate determination, it is crucial to understand the various signalling pathways and cytokine interactions that co-ordinate this process. Further elucidation of this dichotomy may both improve understanding of human disease and speed the realisation of MSC mediated tissue engineering. There are a number of gaps in current knowledge of how adipogenesis actually occurs, and the authors are hopeful that the publication of this book will help researchers in this field to decide where to focus their future efforts. Contributions are therefore sought from anyone who is undertaking research in this area. The book will also provide an overview for surgeons and clinicians who wish to be kept abreast of developments in this fascinating subject.
Author: Yunfeng Lin Publisher: ISBN: 9781628087536 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 208
Book Description
Adipogenesis is the process of cell differentiation by which preadipocytes become adipocytes. Adipogenesis has been one of the most intensively studied models of cellular differentiation. The exact mechanisms of adipogenesis remain unclear, since it involves abundant gene, growth factors, cytokines and environmental factors. This book provides an in-depth overview of current knowledge about the subject of adipogenesis in the human body, including what is known about molecular mechanisms (e.g. cytokine- and growth-factor-related). Transcriptional regulators control the expression of target genes by the interaction with cofactors, coactivators, chromatin remodelling complexes and also with general transcriptional machinery. Current data suggests that adipogenesis is regulated by complex signaling pathway interactions involving multiple transcription factors. Many signaling pathways follow an inverse relationship between osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation. To provide better insight into the basic mechanisms of MSC fate determination, it is crucial to understand the various signaling pathways and cytokine interactions that coordinate this process. Further elucidation of this dichotomy may both improve understanding of human disease and speed the realization of MSC mediated tissue engineering. There are a number of gaps in current knowledge of how adipogenesis actually occurs, and the authors are hopeful that the publication of this book will help researchers in this field to decide where to focus their future efforts. Contributions are therefore sought from anyone who is undertaking research in this area. The book will also provide an overview for surgeons and clinicians who wish to be kept abreast of developments in this fascinating subject.
Author: Jun Wu Publisher: Frontiers Media SA ISBN: 2889198693 Category : Diseases of the endocrine glands. Clinical endocrinology Languages : en Pages : 129
Book Description
Obesity has emerged as a major threat to public health in both the western and developing world. Essentially a disorder of energy balance, obesity occurs when energy intake and storage exceeds expenditure. Much of energy homeostasis depends on the activity and function of adipose tissue. Adipocytes in mammals fall into two categories classified by their primary functions: white fat cells that mediate energy storage and thermogenic fat cells that counteract hypothermia and obesity through adaptive thermogenesis. Whereas white fat and its function as an energy reservoir and endocrine organ have been studied for decades and are relatively well understood, until recently many aspects of the thermogenic fat biology have remained elusive. Accumulating evidence supports the hypothesis that thermogenic fat cells arise from at least two different developmental origins: the ones of a skeletal muscle-like lineage are now called “classical” brown fat cells, and the rest of the thermogenic fat cells are normally referred to as the beige fat cells. The last decade has witnessed an explosion of interest and studies focusing on the regulation of thermogenic fat cells and potential therapeutics targeting these adipocytes. Here we summarize the recent advancements in our understanding of these metabolically active fat cells.
Author: Joana Vieira Silva Publisher: Springer Nature ISBN: 3030444368 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 444
Book Description
Signal transduction comprises the intracellular biochemical signals which induce the appropriate cell response to an external stimulus. The players in signal transduction are diverse, from small molecules as first messengers, to proteins, receptors, transcription factors, among many others. The different signaling pathways and the crosstalk between them originates the unique signaling profile of every cell type in the human body. The cell signaling specificity depends on several aspects including protein composition, subcellular localization and complexes and gene promoters. This textbook provides a comprehensive overview of the specific signaling pathways on a variety of human tissues. This information can be of great value for health science researchers, professionals and students to understand key pathways for tissue-specific functions in the plethora of signals, signals receptors, transducers and effectors. Chapter 3 and 15 are available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.
Author: Richard S. Snell Publisher: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins ISBN: 9780781791649 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 964
Book Description
Included CD-ROM contains clinical notes, information on congenital anomalies, radiographic anatomy, and clinical problem-solving exercises, all of which correlate directly with the text.
Author: Shuhan Ji Publisher: ISBN: 9781339016184 Category : Adipose tissues Languages : en Pages : 200
Book Description
Adipogenesis plays an important role in adipose tissue formation. Several transcriptional factors are involved in regulation of this complex process. Nutritional molecules, such as vitamin D and retinoic acid, have been reported as regulators of adipogenesis. The major aims of the present study were to investigate the mechanisms of vitamin D or retinoic acid regulation of adipogenesis and also the interaction between vitamin D or retinoic acid and adipogenic factors, such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor [gamma] (PPAR[gamma]) and CCAAT-enhancerbinding protein [alpha] (C/EBP[alpha]). The bioactive form of vitamin D, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25-(OH)2D3) has been reported as a potential inhibitor of adipogenesis, and retinoic acid has also been shown as an inhibitor of adipogenesis. The inhibitory effect of both 1,25-(OH)2D3 and retinoic acid on adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells was detected. Gene expression of the adipogenic key transcription factors PPAR[gamma] and C/EBP[alpha] were inhibited by both high concentrations of 1,25-(OH)2D3 (10 and 100 nM)and retinoic acid (100 and 1000 nM), and in contrast, gene expression of the other two C/EBP family members, C/EBP[beta] and [gamma], were not influenced by any concentration of 1,25-(OH)2D3 or retinoic acid. Fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4) gene expression showed a marked response to both 1,25-(OH)2D3 and retinoic acid, even at the lower concentrations studied (0.1 and 1 nM of 1,25-(OH)2D3 treatments, and 1 and 10 nM of retinoic acid treatments). Unlike 1,25-(OH)2D3, retinoic acid had greater inhibitory impact on C/EBP[alpha] gene expression compared to PPAR[gamma]. Both 1,25-(OH)2D3 and retinoic acid had gradual inhibitory effects on the gene expression of stearoyl-coenzyme A desaturase 1 (SCD-1) compared to FABP4. C/EBP[alpha] promoter activity in response to 1,25-(OH)2D3 (100 nM) or retinoic acid (1000 nM) treatments were tested in 3T3-L1 cells. The results showed that 1,25-(OH)2D3 had little impact on the activity of the C/EBP[alpha] promoter, while retinoic acid appeared to induce activation of the promoter, despite an overall inhibitory effect on C/EBP[alpha] mRNA concentration. This observation suggests that the actions of retinoic acid may be mediated through an mRNA degradative pathway. Gold-nanoconjugates linked with KDEL peptide was used to deliver siRNA against C/EBP[alpha] into 3T3-L1 cells. Transfection of gold-nanoconjugates into preadipocytes and mature adipocytes was observed by confocal microscopy. This result suggests that gold-nanoconjugates can be used as a delivery vector into mature adipocytes. Unfortunately, C/EBP[alpha] siRNA silencing was not detected on all the three time points measured, suggesting that further studies will be focused on optimizing time points, and cellular uptake trafficking and co-localization of gold-nanoconjugates/siRNA in adipocytes. Overall, adipogenesis was inhibited by both 1,25-(OH)2D3 and retinoic acid treatments, and the gene expression of adipogenic transcription factors were inhibited in response to 1,25-(OH)2D3 and retinoic acid treatments, suggesting that the mechanisms of 1,25-(OH)2D3 and retinoic acid regulation of adipogenesis involved transcriptional regulation.
Author: Yunfeng Lin
Author: Yunfeng Lin
Author: Yunfeng Lin
Author: Jennifer Arianne Kennell
Author: Robin Leigh Erickson
Author: Ormond A. MacDougald
Author: Jun Wu
Author: Joana Vieira Silva
Author: Astrid Linde Basse
Author: Richard S. Snell
Author: Shuhan Ji