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Author: Bhoja Basnet Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the most important food crops, comprising the largest source of daily calorie and protein intake of human beings worldwide. Among the several diseases of wheat, Yellow Rust (YR; caused by Puccinia striiformis Westend. f. sp. tritici) and Leaf Rust (LR; caused by Puccinia triticina Erikss. & Henn.) have always been major production constraints since the domestication of wheat. For the last few decades, scientists have invested large efforts to identify, characterize and utilize Adult Plant Resistance (APR), a.k.a. slow rusting resistance, in wheat germplasm to promote durability of resistance against rust. The objectives of this study were to 1) understand the genetics of APR to YR and/or LR present in two potential wheat lines 'Quaiu 3' and 'TAM 111', and 2) map the putative Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL) associated with YR and LR resistance using DNA-based molecular markers. Two Recombinant Inbred Line (RIL) populations were subjected to YR and LR disease evaluation experiments in multiple years and locations. Visual evaluation of Disease severity (DS) and Infection Type (IT) score in both RIL populations showed that APR to YR and LR were highly heritable quantitative traits with significant correlation among experiments. In spring wheat population, composite interval mapping consistently detected four and three large effect QTL for YR and LR resistance, respectively. Among those QTLs, 1B, 3B and 1D QTL were found to be associated with previously characterized genes Lr46/Yr29, Sr2/Yr30 and Lr42, respectively. However, QTLs QYr.tam-3D and QYr.tam-2D were potentially novel. The largest YR QTL QYr.tam-2D was located on long arm of chromosome 2D explaining about 48 to 61% of the total phenotypic variation. Similarly, in winter wheat population, apart from three environment-specific QTL on chromosomes 1A, 2A and 7D, the QTL on chromosome 2B (QYr.tam-2B) was found to express consistently in multiple environments explaining about 23 to 63% of total phenotypic variation. This study has further elucidated the inheritance mechanism of APR to YR and LR present in two different wheat lines, Quaiu 3 and TAM 111, and resulted in the successful mapping and characterization of the genetic loci associated with corresponding disease resistance traits. These findings should be very useful to isolate the novel APR genes and/or directly use in wheat breeding programs to enhance durable rust resistance in diverse wheat germplasm and cultivars in the future.
Author: Bhoja Basnet Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the most important food crops, comprising the largest source of daily calorie and protein intake of human beings worldwide. Among the several diseases of wheat, Yellow Rust (YR; caused by Puccinia striiformis Westend. f. sp. tritici) and Leaf Rust (LR; caused by Puccinia triticina Erikss. & Henn.) have always been major production constraints since the domestication of wheat. For the last few decades, scientists have invested large efforts to identify, characterize and utilize Adult Plant Resistance (APR), a.k.a. slow rusting resistance, in wheat germplasm to promote durability of resistance against rust. The objectives of this study were to 1) understand the genetics of APR to YR and/or LR present in two potential wheat lines 'Quaiu 3' and 'TAM 111', and 2) map the putative Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL) associated with YR and LR resistance using DNA-based molecular markers. Two Recombinant Inbred Line (RIL) populations were subjected to YR and LR disease evaluation experiments in multiple years and locations. Visual evaluation of Disease severity (DS) and Infection Type (IT) score in both RIL populations showed that APR to YR and LR were highly heritable quantitative traits with significant correlation among experiments. In spring wheat population, composite interval mapping consistently detected four and three large effect QTL for YR and LR resistance, respectively. Among those QTLs, 1B, 3B and 1D QTL were found to be associated with previously characterized genes Lr46/Yr29, Sr2/Yr30 and Lr42, respectively. However, QTLs QYr.tam-3D and QYr.tam-2D were potentially novel. The largest YR QTL QYr.tam-2D was located on long arm of chromosome 2D explaining about 48 to 61% of the total phenotypic variation. Similarly, in winter wheat population, apart from three environment-specific QTL on chromosomes 1A, 2A and 7D, the QTL on chromosome 2B (QYr.tam-2B) was found to express consistently in multiple environments explaining about 23 to 63% of total phenotypic variation. This study has further elucidated the inheritance mechanism of APR to YR and LR present in two different wheat lines, Quaiu 3 and TAM 111, and resulted in the successful mapping and characterization of the genetic loci associated with corresponding disease resistance traits. These findings should be very useful to isolate the novel APR genes and/or directly use in wheat breeding programs to enhance durable rust resistance in diverse wheat germplasm and cultivars in the future.
Author: Weizhen Liu Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 232
Book Description
Stripe rust, caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst), is a globally devastating disease of wheat. New Pst races overcoming the currently resistant wheat varieties and more frequent stripe rust-favorable weather conditions threaten the global wheat crops. The most economically and environmentally friendly approach to control stripe rust is to grow highly resistant cultivars with durable resistance. However, development of varieties with high levels of durable resistance has been limited by the small number of well-characterized and effective resistance genes available and technical difficulties in pyramiding several resistance genes in one plant. In order to identify more resistance genes and provide more marker-trait association information for marker-assisted selection and wheat improvement, genome-wide association mapping was conducted in cultivated emmer wheat (Triticum turgidum ssp. dicoccum), elite durum wheat (Triticum turgidum ssp. durum) and Ethiopian durum wheat landrace populations using the wheat 90,000 Illumina iSelect single nucleotide polymorphism array. In emmer wheat population, we identified thirty-eight loci significantly associated (P
Author: Xianming Chen Publisher: Springer ISBN: 9402411119 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 723
Book Description
This book comprehensively introduces stripe rust disease, its development and its integral control. Covering the biology, genetics, genome, and functional genomics of the pathogen, it also discusses host and non-host resistance, their interactions and the epidemiology of the disease. It is intended for scientists, postgraduates and undergraduate studying stripe rust, plant pathology, crop breeding, crop protection and agricultural science, but is also a valuable reference book for consultants and administrators in agricultural businesses and education.
Author: Mahwish Ejaz Publisher: LAP Lambert Academic Publishing ISBN: 9783659396977 Category : Languages : en Pages : 84
Book Description
Stem rust is one of the major diseases of wheat round the world. New stem rust race; Ug99 and its variants as well as local stem rust races pose serious threat to wheat production in Pakistan. Stem rust can be controlled by identifying and incorporating resistant genes against the prevalent races into adapted wheat varieties. This study includes screening of 119 Pakistani wheat varieties with 18 DNA markers to detect the presence of various SR genes. Stem rust resistance genes Sr22, Sr24, Sr25 and Sr26 were absent in all varieties, whereas Sr2, Sr6, Sr9a, Sr31, Sr38 were present in various frequencies. However, frequency of APR gene Sr2 was quiet high. Results showed that Pakistani varieties are being protected by a few resistance genes and also lack potential resistance genes effective against new stem rust races. Thus, there is a need to incorporate stem rust resistance genes Sr22, Sr24, Sr25 and Sr26 into Pakistani wheat varieties, especially those possessing only Sr31. More reliable and efficient marker needs to be developed for Sr2 to assist MAS of this gene. Results of this study will help in pyramiding of SR genes in future wheat varieties to achieve durable rust resistance.
Author: Rudi Appels Publisher: Sydney University Press ISBN: 1920899103 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 317
Book Description
The papers herein are volume 3 of the proceedings of the 11th International Wheat Genetics Symposium, held in Brisbane, Australia, in 2008. The series presents the science of the genetic sciences applied to bread and durum wheats and other species.
Author: Lu Liu Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 193
Book Description
Stripe rust, caused by Puccinia striiformis Westend. f. sp. tritici Erikss. (Pst), is one of the most devastating and economically important diseases across major wheat growing regions in the world. Growing resistant cultivars is the most effective and environmentally sound method for controlling the disease. This study was conducted to identify resistance genes/QTL in three winter wheat cultivars Madsen, Skiles and Eltan and develop molecular markers for marker-assisted selection. Madsen has shown high-level and durable resistance since its release in 1988 and was identified to have both all-stage resistance (ASR) and high-temperature adult-plant (HTAP) resistance. Two major effect ASR QTL on chromosome arms 1AS and 2AS, one minor ASR QTL on 1BS and two HTAP resistance QTL on 3BS and 6BS were identified in Madsen. Skiles is susceptible to all tested Pst races at seedling stage but shows strong resistance at adult-plant stage with higher resistance level expressed at high temperature, indicating that Skiles has only HTAP resistance against the tested Pst races. Six HTAP resistance QTL were mapped in Skiles, with two major QTL mapped on 3BS and 4BL and four minor QTL on 1BL, 5AL, 6B and 7DL. Markers linked to the QTL were used to select highly resistant breeding lines derived from crosses with Skiles. Eltan has shown variable reactions from moderate susceptibility to resistance in different years since its release in 1990. Five QTL were detected in Eltan, with two major ASR QTL on 2BS and 4BL, one minor ASR on 5BS and two minor HTAP resistance QTL on 6AS and 7BL. The two major ASR QTL became less effective due to the fact that the Pst population has changed to virulent, leading to the resistance reduction in Eltan. By studying these three wheat cultivars with different genes for different types of resistance, it is concluded that the best strategy to achieve high-level and durable resistance is to combine several genes for effective ASR and adequate HTAP resistance. These studies provide the information of useful genes and molecular markers for improving resistance to stripe rust in wheat cultivars.
Author: Indu Sharma Publisher: CABI ISBN: 9781845939694 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 334
Book Description
Disease resistance is one of the major factors that can be improved to sustain yield potential in cultivated crops. This book looks at disease resistance in wheat, concentrating on all the economically important diseases - their economic impact and geographical spread, breeding for resistance, pathogen variability, resistance mechanisms and recent advances made on resistance genes. Newer strategies for identifying resistance genes and identify resistance mechanisms are discussed, including cloning, gene transfer and the use of genetically modified plants. It is suitable for researchers and stu.
Author: Bhoja Basnet
Author: Bhoja Basnet
Author: J. Reeves
Author: Weizhen Liu
Author: Xianming Chen
Author: Mahwish Ejaz
Author: Rudi Appels
Author: Lu Liu
Author: Indu Sharma
Author: Mohd. Anwar Khan
Author: Peter Bulli