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Author: Ricardo Benavente Publisher: Frontiers Media SA ISBN: 2832546021 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 227
Book Description
Meiosis is a special type of cell division that allows the generation of haploid gametes and is a key process for sexual reproduction of animals, plants and fungi. Haploidization requires that meiotic cells undergo a series of unique processes; namely, pairing, synapsis, recombination and segregation of homologous chromosomes. This involves profound meiosis-specific changes in the protein composition and architecture of homologous chromosomes as well as of the condensation and folding of chromatin that require a critical timing and regulation. Despite this enormous complexity, different organisms may achieve haploidization through common molecular mechanisms. A major goal of this article collection is to provide an overview of how meiotic chromosomes and their components are critically involved in the mechanisms of haploidization and how dynamic protein complexes yield important structural intermediates and temporal regulation to this process. We welcome submissions of original articles, mini-reviews and review articles dealing with the composition, architecture, function and regulation of meiotic chromosomes of animals, plants and fungi using microscopic, biochemical, molecular, genetic and/or ‘omic’ techniques.
Author: Ricardo Benavente Publisher: Frontiers Media SA ISBN: 2832546021 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 227
Book Description
Meiosis is a special type of cell division that allows the generation of haploid gametes and is a key process for sexual reproduction of animals, plants and fungi. Haploidization requires that meiotic cells undergo a series of unique processes; namely, pairing, synapsis, recombination and segregation of homologous chromosomes. This involves profound meiosis-specific changes in the protein composition and architecture of homologous chromosomes as well as of the condensation and folding of chromatin that require a critical timing and regulation. Despite this enormous complexity, different organisms may achieve haploidization through common molecular mechanisms. A major goal of this article collection is to provide an overview of how meiotic chromosomes and their components are critically involved in the mechanisms of haploidization and how dynamic protein complexes yield important structural intermediates and temporal regulation to this process. We welcome submissions of original articles, mini-reviews and review articles dealing with the composition, architecture, function and regulation of meiotic chromosomes of animals, plants and fungi using microscopic, biochemical, molecular, genetic and/or ‘omic’ techniques.
Author: Sarah Ur Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 140
Book Description
Meiosis, a hallmark of sexual reproduction, entails the division of one diploid parent cell into four haploid gamete daughter cells. To support proper chromosome segregation in two successive meiotic divisions, meiotic chromosomes must undergo dramatic structural changes in meiotic prophase to identify and pair with their corresponding homolog. This chromosomal structural rearrangement is accomplished through meiotic recombination, a process that inflicts double strand break damage on the chromosomes and necessitates their repair using their homologous sequence, in some cases forming an inter-homolog crossover. This work begins by reviewing meiotic chromosome structure, and how it supports meiotic recombination. In order to understand the structural context of meiotic recombination I begin by reviewing higher-order data on how entire chromosomes are packaged and ordered during meiosis then zoom into well-known structures such as the chromosome axis, the synaptonemal complex, and their individual protein components. The chapters on my experimental work begin by examining a Chromatin Binding Region (CBR) in the yeast meiotic HORMAD Hop1, a component of the chromosome axis. I demonstrate how the CBR is responsible for a secondary mode of chromosome axis deposition through its capability to bind directly nucleosomes. This secondary mechanism functions alongside a previously defined cohesin dependent chromosome axis assembly mechanism, and I hypothesize that this second mode of axis assembly enables crossover formation in an as-yet unknown manner. I next examine the Msh4-Msh5 complex in an attempt to define its role in shuttling double strand DNA breaks towards a crossover fate. Through careful biochemistry, I demonstrate that the preferred DNA substrate of the S. cerevisiae Msh4-Msh5 is a Holliday junction, and I identify the critical regions in both Msh4 and Msh5 for this activity. My last study aims to examine meiotic recombination from a larger perspective. In order to determine how individual proteins interplay on the chromatin throughout the process of meiotic prophase I, I developed a mass spectroscopy protocol to assay a meiotic time-course of S. cerevisiae chromosomes. With this protocol I created a spatial and temporal atlas of chromatin associated proteins, which details how proteins assemble and disassemble throughout meiotic prophase I. As a whole this thesis provides an extensive review of the field of meiotic chromosome architecture, defines molecular mechanisms of individual protein assembly during meiosis, and demonstrates the proteomic context for interhomolog recombination.
Author: Mark C. Leake Publisher: Humana ISBN: 9781071622209 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 330
Book Description
This detailed new edition collects cutting-edge laboratory protocols, techniques, and applications in use by some of the leading international experts in the broad field of chromosome architecture. The book emphasizes the increasing physiological relevance of chromosome architecture investigation, manifest both through application of more complex bottom-up assays in vitro as well as through maintaining the native physiological context through the investigation of living, functional cells. In addition, the chapters reflect the dramatic improvement in the length scale of precision by utilizing single-molecule approaches, both for imaging the DNA content of chromosome and proteins that bind to DNA as well as using methods that can controllably manipulate single DNA molecules, and the use of advanced computational methods and mathematical analysis is also featured. Written for the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and up-to-date, Chromosome Architecture: Methods and Protocols, Second Edition is an ideal guide for researchers working in this dynamic area of study.
Author: Oldenburg Oldenburg Press Publisher: ISBN: 9781523764426 Category : Languages : en Pages : 40
Book Description
HiC-Pro is an optimized and flexible pipeline for processing Hi-C data from raw reads to normalized contact maps. HiC-Pro maps reads, detects valid ligation products, performs quality controls and generates intra- and inter-chromosomal contact maps. It includes a fast implementation of the iterative correction method and is based on a memory-efficient data format for Hi-C contact maps. In addition, HiC-Pro can use phased genotype data to build allele-specific contact maps. We applied HiC-Pro to different Hi-C datasets, demonstrating its ability to easily process large data in a reasonable time. Source code and documentation are available at http://github.com/nservant/HiC-Pro.
Author: Ben E. Black Publisher: Springer ISBN: 3319585924 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 552
Book Description
This book presents the latest advances concerning the regulation of chromosome segregation during cell division by means of centromeres and kinetochores. The authors cover both state-of-the-art techniques and a range of species and model systems, shedding new light on the molecular mechanisms controlling the transmission of genetic material between cell divisions and from parent to offspring. The chapters cover five major areas related to the current study of centromeres and kinetochores: 1) their genetic and epigenetic features, 2) key breakthroughs at the molecular, proteomic, imaging and biochemical level, 3) the constitutive centromere proteins, 4) the role of centromere proteins in the physical process of chromosome segregation and its careful orchestration through elaborate regulation, and 5) intersections with reproductive biology, human health and disease, as well as chromosome evolution. The book offers an informative and provocative guide for newcomers as well as those already acquainted with the field.
Author: Yu Wai Chen Publisher: Humana ISBN: 9781627036900 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
The field of Structural Genomics has produced many technological advances that transform and accelerate structure solution and analysis. Structural Genomics: General Applications emphasizes the benefits to the wider structural research community. It also reflects the current trend in tackling the more ambitious challenges of studying macromolecular machineries and complexes. Divided into three convenient sections, topics include the cloning and production of proteins for structural studies, experimental methods, and computational methods and data analysis. Written in the successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible protocols, and notes on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and easily accessible, Structural Genomics: General Applications aims primarily to channel spin-off technologies to the average structural biologist in a small or medium-sized laboratory.
Author: Ricardo Benavente
Author: Ricardo Benavente
Author: Ivana Novak
Author: Katharina Schücker
Author: N.S. Sharma
Author: Sarah Ur
Author: 
Author: Mark C. Leake
Author: Oldenburg Oldenburg Press
Author: Ben E. Black
Author: Yu Wai Chen