Author: Nares TrakooljulPublisher: Cuvillier Verlag
ISBN: 3865373151
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 133
Book Description
Molecular and Association Analyses of the Androgen Receptor Gene as a Candidate for Production and Reproduction Traits in Pigs
Author: Nares TrakooljulPublisher: Cuvillier Verlag
ISBN: 3865373151
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 133
Book Description
Mapping and Investigation of Candidate Genes for Reproduction and Production Traits in the Pig
Author: Amy Louise VincentPublisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 144
Book Description
The mapping efforts of this study were successful in placing these three loci on both the physical and linkage maps of the PiGMaP consortium. The PRL gene was linkage and physically mapped to pig chromosome 7, the PRLR gene was linkage and physically mapped to pig chromosome 16, and the LEPR gene was linkage mapped to pig chromosome 6. PRLR was shown to be significantly linked to litter size in three commercial lines of pigs from PIC, a swine breeding stock company. An analysis with phenotypic data from an ISU resource population and LEPR genotypes are suggestive of associations between this gene and growth and carcass traits.
An Investigation of the Associations Between Several Candidate Genes and Reproductive Traits in Swine
Author: Bradley J. IslerPublisher:
ISBN:
Category : Swine
Languages : en
Pages :
Book Description
Abstract: Most commonly, improvement of livestock species is accomplished using traditional methods of genetic selection. New discoveries in the field of molecular genetics now allow the isolation and study of specific regions of the genome that influence important traits. Special attention has been focused on those genes that are thought to control the physiological pathways that influence the reproductive ability of our common livestock species. The purpose of this current study was to investigate the effect of several candidate genes on reproductive performance in swine. Candidate genes were selected for investigation based on previous studies that have shown associations between the gene of interest and reproduction in swine (estrogen receptor alpha) or reproduction in other mammalian species (estrogen receptor beta, paternally expressed gene 1, paternally expressed gene 3). A population of Yorkshire, Large White, and reciprocally crossbred female swine were utilized in this study to investigate the associations between each of these candidate genes and a variety of reproductive tract and litter traits. Associations between genotype and reproductive traits were found for all candidate genes studied. The results of this study allow for a greater understanding of the effects of these genes and will allow researchers to determinate how these genes could be most efficiently utilized to improve reproductive performance in swine. Reproduction is used as both a means to propagate animals within a livestock herd and as a way to facilitate genetic improvement of the herd. Unfortunately, the genetic improvement of reproductive traits using classical methods of genetic selection is severely limited, due to the low heritability and sex-limited nature of these traits. Molecular genetics can be used to determine which animals contain reproduction-specific marker regions. These animals can then be selected for inclusion in a marker assisted selection program.
A Molecular Genome Scan and Positional Candidate Gene Analysis for Important Economic Traits in the Pig
Author: Massoud MalekPublisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 344
Book Description
Meat quality contributes considerably to the profit involved in pork production. The main objectives of this study were to identify the chromosomal locations for growth, body composition and meat quality related traits in pigs and to identify genes that control quantitative traits of economic importance. Genome scans were employed to identify these chromosomal regions. A three-generation resource family was developed using two Berkshire grand sires and nine Yorkshire grand dams. Data for 40 traits (growth, body composition and meat quality) were collected from 525 F2 progeny. Linkage analysis and regression interval mapping based on 125 micro satellite markers were used for QTL detection. Significance thresholds were determined by permutation tests. Significant QTL at the chromosome wise 5% level were detected for a total of over 100 growth (chromosomes 1,2,3,4,6, 7, 8, 9, 11, 13, 14, X), back fat (chromosomes 1, 4, 5, 6, 7, 10, 13, 14) and meat quality traits (chromosomes 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 17, 18, X). Five genes (ACACB, PPP1CC, GPR49, DUSP6, and ATP2B1) from human chromosome 12 were chosen as possible candidate genes for QTL detected on chromosome 5. These genes were successfully mapped by physical and genetic methods. Two genes (DUSP6, ATP2B1) were considered for further positional candidate gene analysis. A ATP2B1-Afl III polymorphism revealed significant associations with growth, body composition, and meat quality traits (glycogen content and potential, and ham and loin pH) in the BxY F2 population, but only with light reflectance of ham in a commercial line. A DUSP6-Pst1 Polymorphism was associated with fat traits, which was consistent in the QTL analysis and association studies in the BxY family and in two commercial lines. The identified ATP2B1 and DUSP6 polymorphisms could potentially be used as markers to track associated QTL and to discover the causative DNA differences.
Mapping and Investigational Analysis of Candidate Genes in the Pig
Author: Jill Ann SherwoodPublisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 170
Book Description
The identification of candidate genes in the pig is important for research leading to the improvement of meat quality. In addition, the analysis and characterization has the potential to benefit research in other areas, including human medicine. The diseases of interest for this thesis study included nemaline myopathy and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Identification of candidate genes for these disorders was based on their relationship to certain human diseases, and their potential to affect certain meat quality traits. Four separate genes were chosen based on proposed function in humans, and proposed location based on the human and pig comparative maps: beta tropomyosin (TPM2), muscle glycogen synthase (GYS1), protein-tyrosine phosphatase IB (PTP1B), and cAMP-dependent protein kinase inhibitor gamma (PKIG). The GYS1, PTP1B and PKIG genes may have an effect on diabetes or the development of the disease, and TPM2 may be associated with a phenotype similar to nemaline myopathy. In addition, all of the genes listed have the potential to affect meat quality traits in the pig. For each porcine gene, analysis included partial sequencing, identification of polymorphisms, physical and linkage mapping, and association studies to determine if these genes were associated with any pork quality traits measured. Association studies with GYS1 revealed some association with fat and tenderness-related traits, while analysis of PTP1B showed association with glycogen and lactate-related traits. No significant associations were noted with the TPM2 or PKIG genes in this thesis study. Sequence data for each of these genes adds to the body of knowledge about the pig genome and these specific genes, and identification of the map locations of each of these genes in the pig refines the comparative maps between pigs and humans. In addition, association studies have revealed that two of these genes, GYS1 and PTP1B, may be useful for marker-assisted selection in pigs, and information for all genes has the potential to improve the understanding of human disorders.
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Author: Andrea DunaifPublisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1597451088
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 361
Book Description
This volume includes the latest diagnostic criteria for PCOS and comprises the most up-to-date information about the genetic features and pathogenesis of PCOS. It critically reviews the methodological approaches and the evidence for various PCOS susceptibility genes. The book also discusses additional familial phenotypes of PCOS and their potential genetic basis. All four editors of this title are extremely prominent in the field of PCOS.
Index Medicus
Author: Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Medicine
Languages : en
Pages : 1938
Book Description
Vols. for 1963- include as pt. 2 of the Jan. issue: Medical subject headings.
Innate
Author: Kevin J. MitchellPublisher: Princeton University Press
ISBN: 0691204152
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 305
Book Description
"What makes you the way you are--and what makes each of us different from everyone else? In Innate, leading neuroscientist and popular science blogger Kevin Mitchell traces human diversity and individual differences to their deepest level: in the wiring of our brains. Deftly guiding us through important new research, including his own groundbreaking work, he explains how variations in the way our brains develop before birth strongly influence our psychology and behavior throughout our lives, shaping our personality, intelligence, sexuality, and even the way we perceive the world. We all share a genetic program for making a human brain, and the program for making a brain like yours is specifically encoded in your DNA. But, as Mitchell explains, the way that program plays out is affected by random processes of development that manifest uniquely in each person, even identical twins. The key insight of Innate is that the combination of these developmental and genetic variations creates innate differences in how our brains are wired--differences that impact all aspects of our psychology--and this insight promises to transform the way we see the interplay of nature and nurture. Innate also explores the genetic and neural underpinnings of disorders such as autism, schizophrenia, and epilepsy, and how our understanding of these conditions is being revolutionized. In addition, the book examines the social and ethical implications of these ideas and of new technologies that may soon offer the means to predict or manipulate human traits. Compelling and original, Innate will change the way you think about why and how we are who we are."--Provided by the publisher.
Author: M. Bonneau
Author: