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Author: Alexander Strehblow Publisher: Sudwestdeutscher Verlag Fur ISBN: 9783838103617 Category : Science Languages : de Pages : 104
Book Description
The RNA editing enzyme hsADAR1 (human adenosine deaminase that acts on RNA 1) converts adenosines to inosines in double-stranded RNA and is a transcription-dependent shuttling protein. To enter the nucleus ADAR1 contains an atypical nuclear localization signal (NLS) overlapping the third double-stranded RNA binding domain (dsRBD) in the center of the enzyme. This study is concentrating on the characterization of the roles of dsRBD1 and 3 in the shuttling behavior of the enzyme. On the one hand our results indicate that NLS comprising residues are spread throughout the entire dsRBD. Additionally, several karyopherins were tested whether they can interact with dsRBD3 and mediate nuclear import of hsADAR1. Recent data revealed Transportin-1 as the most probable candidate. On the other hand to elucidate the mechanism that interferes with nuclear accumulation of hsADAR1, experiments were focused on Exportin-5, a karyopherin exporting dsRBDs and micro RNAs. Although the export factor binds ADAR1's dsRBDs in a RNA- and RanGTP dependent manner in vitro, cell based assays fail to confirm an involvement of Exportin-5 in the export of ADAR1.
Author: Alexander Strehblow Publisher: Sudwestdeutscher Verlag Fur ISBN: 9783838103617 Category : Science Languages : de Pages : 104
Book Description
The RNA editing enzyme hsADAR1 (human adenosine deaminase that acts on RNA 1) converts adenosines to inosines in double-stranded RNA and is a transcription-dependent shuttling protein. To enter the nucleus ADAR1 contains an atypical nuclear localization signal (NLS) overlapping the third double-stranded RNA binding domain (dsRBD) in the center of the enzyme. This study is concentrating on the characterization of the roles of dsRBD1 and 3 in the shuttling behavior of the enzyme. On the one hand our results indicate that NLS comprising residues are spread throughout the entire dsRBD. Additionally, several karyopherins were tested whether they can interact with dsRBD3 and mediate nuclear import of hsADAR1. Recent data revealed Transportin-1 as the most probable candidate. On the other hand to elucidate the mechanism that interferes with nuclear accumulation of hsADAR1, experiments were focused on Exportin-5, a karyopherin exporting dsRBDs and micro RNAs. Although the export factor binds ADAR1's dsRBDs in a RNA- and RanGTP dependent manner in vitro, cell based assays fail to confirm an involvement of Exportin-5 in the export of ADAR1.
Author: Publisher: Academic Press ISBN: 0128117788 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 370
Book Description
RNA Modification, Volume 41 examines the powerful ability to regulate the function of RNA molecules or modify the message transmitted by RNA molecules. Chapters in this newly released volume include The Importance of Being Modified: Modifications Shape RNA Function through Chemistry, Structure and Dynamics, The evolution of multi-substrate specificity by RNA modification enzymes, TrmD: a methyl transferase for tRNA methylation with m1G37, Structures and activities of the Elongator complex and its co-factors, RNA pseudouridylation: Mechanism and Function, The activity of 5’3' exonucleases on hypo modified tRNA substrates and other structured RNAs, and the Synthesis, heterogeneity and function of post-transcriptional nucleotide modifications in eukaryotic ribosomal RNAs. This field has recently seen a very rapid progress in the understanding of the mechanism and enzymes involved in RNA modification. This volume presents some of the most recent advances in the identification and function of enzymes involved in modifying RNA molecules. Features authoritative expertise from recognized contributors to the field Presents the most recent advances in the rapidly evolving field of RNA modification Covers the identification and function of enzymes involved in modifying RNA molecules
Author: Charles E. Samuel Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 3642228011 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 244
Book Description
“The objective of this CTMI volume is to provide readers with a foundation for understanding what ADARs are and how they act to affect gene expression and function. It is becoming increasingly apparent that ADARs may possess roles not only as enzymes that deaminate adenosine to produce inosine in RNA substrates with double-stranded character, but also as proteins independent of their catalytic property. Because A-to-I editing may affect base-pairing and RNA structure, processes including translation, splicing, RNA replication, and miR and siRNA silencing may be affected. Future studies of ADARs no doubt will provide us with additional surprises and new insights into the modulation of biological processes by the ADAR family of proteins.”
Author: Cesar Lopez-Camarillo Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 1466576774 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 426
Book Description
MicroRNA (miRNA) biology is a cutting-edge topic in basic as well as biomedical research. This is a specialized book focusing on the current understanding of the role of miRNAs in the development, progression, invasion, and metastasis of diverse types of cancer. It also reviews their potential for applications in cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and th
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Cells Languages : en Pages : 898
Book Description
MBC online publishes papers that describe and interpret results of original research conserning the molecular aspects of cell structure and function.
Author: Rita Sattler Publisher: Springer ISBN: 331989689X Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 321
Book Description
It has become evident over the last years that abnormalities in RNA processing play a fundamental part in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. Cellular viability depends on proper regulation of RNA metabolism and subsequent protein synthesis, which requires the interplay of many processes including transcription, pre--‐mRNA splicing, mRNA editing as well as mRNA stability, transport and translation. Dysfunction in any of these processes, often caused by mutations in the coding and non--‐ coding RNAs, can be very destructive to the cellular environment and consequently impair neural viability. The result of this RNA toxicity can lead to a toxic gain of function or a loss of function, depending on the nature of the mutation. For example, in repeat expansion disorders, such as the newly discovered hexanucleotide repeat expansion in theC9orf72 gene found in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD), a toxic gain of function leads to the formation of RNA foci and the sequestration of RNA binding proteins (RBPs). This in return leads to a loss of function of those RBPs, which is hypothesized to play a significant part in the disease progression of ALS and FTD. Other toxicities arising from repeat expansions are the formation of RNA foci, bi--‐directional transcription and production of repeat associated non--‐ATG (RAN) translation products. This book will touch upon most of these disease mechanisms triggered by aberrant RNA metabolism and will therefore provide a broad perspective of the role of RNA processing and its dysfunction in a variety of neurodegenerative disorders, including ALS, FTD, Alzheimer’s disease, Huntington’s disease, spinal muscular atrophy, myotonic dystrophy and ataxias. The proposed authors are leading scientists in the field and are expected to not only discuss their own work, but to be inclusive of historic as well as late breaking discoveries. The compiled chapters will therefore provide a unique collection of novel studies and hypotheses aimed to describe the consequences of altered RNA processing events and its newest molecular players and pathways.
Author: Mark O. J. Olson Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 1461405149 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 434
Book Description
Within the past two decades, extraordinary new functions for the nucleolus have begun to appear, giving the field a new vitality and generating renewed excitement and interest. These new discoveries include both newly-discovered functions and aspects of its conventional role. The Nucleolus is divided into three parts: nucleolar structure and organization, the role of the nucleolus in ribosome biogenesis, and novel functions of the nucleolus.
Author: Marco Muzi-Falconi Publisher: Humana Press ISBN: 9781493973057 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 663
Book Description
This volume presents forty-two methods and protocols to analyze diverse aspects of genome instability. Chapters detail mutagenesis and repair, methods to quantify and analyze the properties of DNA double-strand breaks, profile replication, replication proteins strand-specifically, genome instability, fluorescence microscopic techniques, and genomic and proteomic approaches. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and cutting-edge, Genome Instability: Methods and Protocols aims to provide a comprehensive resource for the discovery and analysis of the proteins and pathways that are critical for stable maintenance of the genome.
Author: Ernesto Picardi Publisher: Humana ISBN: 9781071607893 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 352
Book Description
This volume provides an overview about main RNA editing mechanisms, focusing on their functions in physiological as well as pathological conditions. Chapters guide readers through state- of-the art methodologies to investigate RNA editing through wet and dry approaches. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and cutting-edge, RNA Editing: Methods and Protocols aims to ensure successful results in the further study of this vital field.
Author: Alexander Strehblow
Author: Alexander Strehblow
Author: 
Author: Charles E. Samuel
Author: Cesar Lopez-Camarillo
Author: 
Author: Rita Sattler
Author: 
Author: Mark O. J. Olson
Author: Marco Muzi-Falconi
Author: Ernesto Picardi