Modulation of Oxidative Stress and Antioxidants by Losartan in Heart Failure PDF Download

Author: Neelam Khaper
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0

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Author:
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Category :
Languages : en
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In patients surviving a myocardial infarction M), the heart undergoes a remodefing process characterized by hypertrophy which can also lead to heart failure. Although hypertrophy is an early response that may temporarily preserve cardiac function, numerous studies have suggested that this long term process of remodefing is also associated with an increase in oxidative stress and cardiac decompensation. The objectives of the present research on rat hearts subsequent to MI therefore, were to: (i) characterize changes in the oxidative stress and enzymatic antioxidants, (superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx) and catalase) in relation to their rnRNA abundance and protein content; (ii) study changes in nonenzymatic antioxidants at different stages of heart failure in relation to cardiac function in order to have a more comprehensive information about the antioxidant reserve, and (iii) study the effects of RAS inhibition at the AT1 receptor site by losartan on the myocardial enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants (SOD, GSHPx, catalase, vitamins A and E) and oxidative stress (Lipid hydroperoxides, reduced and oxidized glutathione and the redox ratio) in relation to the changes in hemodynamic function during the sequelae of congestive heart failure. It is concluded that inhibition of the RAS at the AT1 receptor site with losartan, in addition to reducing cardiac remodeling and improving hemodynamic function, reduces oxidative stress and improves myocardial endogenous antioxidants subsequent to myocardial infarction. The study suggests a newer role for losartan in the treatment of heart failure. Although changes in the SOD and catalase activities during heart failure correlated with changes in mRNA for these enzymes, the precise mechanism/s for decrease in oxidative, stress and improvement in antioxidant reserve after losartan treatment is/are unclear at this time. (Abstract shortened by UMI.).

Author: Sajal Chakraborti
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 9811389462
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 686

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This book highlights the multifaceted roles of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) in modulating normal cellular and molecular mechanisms during the development of different types of heart disease. Each chapter in the book deals with the role that altered redox homeostasis plays in the pathophysiology of heart disease. In addition, the book explains how reactive oxidant species interact with their targets and provides novel strategies for attenuating oxidative stress-induced types of heart disease. The book not only covers ROS-induced response in heart disease at the cellular level, but also demonstrates that an imbalance of redox states has its roots in our genes, and explains the ways gene expression is regulated. In turn, it reviews potential sources of ROS, their pathological effects on the heart, and potential sites for therapeutic interventions.

Author: John F. Keaney Jr.
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9780792386780
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 404

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One of the major biomedical triumphs of the post-World War II era was the defmitive demonstration that hypercholesterolemia is a key causative factor in atherosclerosis; that hypercholesterolemia can be effectively treated; and that treatment significantly reduces not only coronary disease mortality but also all cause mortality. Treatment to lower plasma levels of cholesterol - primarily low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol - is now accepted as best medical practice and both physicians and patients are being educated to take aggressive measures to lower LDL. We can confidently look forward to important decreases in the toll of coronary artery disease over the coming decades. However, there is still uncertainty as to the exact mechanisms by which elevated plasma cholesterol and LDL levels initiate and favor the progression of lesions. There is general consensus that one of the earliest responses to hypercholesterolemia is the adhesion of monocytes to aortic endothelial cells followed by their penetration into the subendothelial space, where they differentiate into macrophages. These cells, and also medial smooth muscle cells that have migrated into the subendothelial space, then become loaded with mUltiple, large droplets of cholesterol esters . . . the hallmark of the earliest visible atherosclerotic lesion, the so-called fatty streak. This lesion is the precursor of the more advanced lesions, both in animal models and in humans. Thus the centrality of hypercholesterolemia cannot be overstated. Still, the atherogenic process is complex and evolves over a long period of time.

Author: Sajal Chakraborti
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 9811382735
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 596

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This book bridges the gap between fundamental and translational research in the area of heart disease. It describes a multidisciplinary approach, and demonstrates biochemical mechanisms associated with dysregulation of redox signaling, which leads heart disease. Presenting recent studies on improved forms of ROS scavenging enzymes; specific inhibitors for different ROS generating enzymes; and oxidant induced signaling pathways and their antagonists that allow subtle modulation of redox signaling, it also discusses the spatial and temporal aspects of oxidative stress in the cardiovascular system, which are of vital importance in developing better strategies for treating heart disease. Each chapter offers researchers valuable insights into identifying targets for drug development for different types of heart disease.

Author: Lorrie A. Kirshenbaum
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1441992383
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 157

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The focus of this special issue of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry is underlying mechanisms that regulate cardiac growth. The new information provided in this special issue can be utilized to design new treatment modalities that will reduce the incidence of cardiac failure which will improve quality of life in patients with chronic heart disease.

Author: Jose Antonio Morales-Gonzalez
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN: 953511123X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 516

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This work responds to the need to find, in a sole document, the affect of oxidative stress at different levels, as well as treatment with antioxidants to revert and diminish the damage. Oxidative Stress and Chronic Degenerative Diseases - a Role for Antioxidants is written for health professionals by researchers at diverse educative institutions (Mexico, Brazil, USA, Spain, Australia, and Slovenia). I would like to underscore that of the 19 chapters, 14 are by Mexican researchers, which demonstrates the commitment of Mexican institutions to academic life and to the prevention and treatment of chronic degenerative diseases.

Author: Bernard Swynghedauw
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 718

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Cardiac insufficiency, a major cause of premature mortality, is a key focus of medical and pharmaceutical research. This book aims to bring clinicians and researchers up-to-date on recent biophysical, cellular physiological and molecular biological developments and their clinical applications.

Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Dissertations, Academic
Languages : en
Pages : 896

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Author: Martial G. Bourassa
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9780387295527
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 520

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Book Description
Chronic oxidative stress is associated with the aging process and often leads to the development of disorders such as cancer and arterial disease. Cardiovascular conditions in which oxidation damage has been strongly implicated include atherosclerosis, myocardial ischemia and reperfusion, coronary restenosis, diabetes mellitus, and congestive heart failure. Antioxidants and Cardiovascular Disease, Second Edition covers three major topics: 1) the first seven chapters review the oxidative modifcation hypothesis and its close relationship to lipid metabolism and to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis; 2) the next four chapters describe the different compounds, nutrients and supplements with antioxidant properties and their mechanisms of action; 3) and finallly, the last ten chapters discuss the potential benefits of antioxidants in overall cardiovascular prevention, including hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemias, and in the treatment and prevention of specific conditions such as chronic coronary artery disease, restenosis after percutaneous coronary intervention, and chronic heart failure. Antioxidants and Cardiovascular Disease, Second Edition is written by recognized experts in the fields of atherosclerosis, heart failure and antioxidants. It should be of interest to medical students and fellows, researchers, and practicing physicians. There has been rapid progress in our knowledge in this field during the last two to three years. Thus the current reedition appears timely. For instance, this second edition captures several recently reported and published clinical trials as welll as new information on diabetic and hypertensive cardiovascular disease.