Modulating Factors in the Environmental Context Effect PDF Download

Author: Angel Fernandez
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Recollection (Psychology)
Languages : en
Pages : 228

View

Book Description

Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309264146
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 421

View

Book Description
The United States is among the wealthiest nations in the world, but it is far from the healthiest. Although life expectancy and survival rates in the United States have improved dramatically over the past century, Americans live shorter lives and experience more injuries and illnesses than people in other high-income countries. The U.S. health disadvantage cannot be attributed solely to the adverse health status of racial or ethnic minorities or poor people: even highly advantaged Americans are in worse health than their counterparts in other, "peer" countries. In light of the new and growing evidence about the U.S. health disadvantage, the National Institutes of Health asked the National Research Council (NRC) and the Institute of Medicine (IOM) to convene a panel of experts to study the issue. The Panel on Understanding Cross-National Health Differences Among High-Income Countries examined whether the U.S. health disadvantage exists across the life span, considered potential explanations, and assessed the larger implications of the findings. U.S. Health in International Perspective presents detailed evidence on the issue, explores the possible explanations for the shorter and less healthy lives of Americans than those of people in comparable countries, and recommends actions by both government and nongovernment agencies and organizations to address the U.S. health disadvantage.

Author: Maurits Van den Noort
Publisher: MDPI
ISBN: 3039281046
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 264

View

Book Description
The number of bilingual and multilingual speakers around the world is steadily growing, leading to the questions: How do bilinguals manage two or more language systems in their daily interactions, and how does being bilingual/multilingual affect brain functioning and vice versa? Previous research has shown that cognitive control plays a key role in bilingual language management. This hypothesis is further supported by the fact that foreign languages have been found to affect not only the expected linguistic domains, but surprisingly, other non-linguistic domains such as cognitive control, attention, inhibition, and working memory. Somehow, learning languages seems to affect executive/brain functioning. In the literature, this is referred to as the bilingual advantage, meaning that people who learn two or more languages seem to outperform monolinguals in executive functioning skills. In this Special Issue, we first present studies that investigate the bilingual advantage. We also go one step further, by focusing on factors that modulate the effect of bilingualism on cognitive control. In the second, smaller part of our Special Issue, we focus on the cognitive reserve hypothesis with the aim of addressing the following questions: Does the daily use of two or more languages protect the aging individual against cognitive decline? Does lifelong bilingualism protect against brain diseases, such as dementia, later in life?

Author: Pia Knoeferle
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2889749754
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 224

View

Book Description

Author: Michelle Marie Ostrander
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 426

View

Book Description

Author: Oliana Carnevali
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2889630196
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 174

View

Book Description
The present eBook is the result of the Frontiers Research Topic entitled “Nutritional and environmental modulation of the endocrine system: effects on metabolism and growth”. It contains 12 chapters, comprising 7 original research articles, 3 reviews, and 2 minireviews. The objective of the Research Topic was to provide a multidisciplinary approach of cutting-edge research on metabolism and growth aiming to address key questions about the interplay between nutritional, environmental or other external factors (i.e. temperature or pollutants) and signals modulating feed intake with the endocrine system, regulating these processes. Evidences about the molecular principle behind the complex interactions of all these factors on the control of the endocrine and nervous systems regulating the metabolic process are presented. The knowledge provided by this eBook focusing in cells, model organisms and farmed species, have highlighted the importance of dietary and environmental factors, and their interactions with the endocrine system to regulate growth and metabolism.

Author: Patrick Deelen
Publisher: Patrick Deelen
ISBN: 9403415991
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 199

View

Book Description
Our DNA, 3 billion letters long, is the blueprint of life. People differ from each other in around 1% of these letters. However, it is largely unknown which of these differences cause disease, nor how exactly changes in DNA ultimately lead to disease. In my PhD research I contributed to the detection of these genetic risk factors and studied how these DNA changes actually disrupt the correct functioning of cells. Using the "Genome of the Netherlands" project results, in which the BBMRI-NL consortium fully mapped the DNA of 250 Dutch families, I was able to improve genetic research in other groups of people and thereby better detect genetic risk factors. I then looked at how these DNA changes disrupt individual cells in a large number of people participating in various Dutch bio-banks such as Lifelines. By looking at DNA, RNA, epigenetics and proteins at the same time, I was able to discover many genetic risk factors, which biological processes they disrupt, and which ones offer starting points for the development of new medicines that can repair these disrupted processes. In addition, through the large-scale re-use of RNA data, I was able to map how many genes relate together and to disease. With these big data analyses, I subsequently developed a new algorithm that is now being used to make a diagnosis more quickly in people with a serious illness. With my PhD research, I contributed to the immediate improvement of patient care and collected new knowledge that could help in the longer term with the development of new medicines.

Author: Cornelia Herbert
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2889455505
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 316

View

Book Description
Language has long been considered independent from emotions. In the last few years however research has accumulated empirical evidence against this theoretical belief of a purely cognitive-based foundation of language. In particular, through research on emotional word processing it has been shown, that processing of emotional words activates emotional brain structures, elicits emotional facial expressions and modulates action tendencies of approach and avoidance, probably in a similar manner as processing of non-verbal emotional stimuli does. In addition, it has been shown that emotional content is already processed in the visual cortex in a facilitated manner which suggests that processing of emotional language content is able to circumvent in-depth semantic analysis. Yet, this is only one side of the coin. Very recent research putting words into context suggests that language may also construe emotions and that by studying word processing one can provide a window to one’s own feelings. All in all, the empirical observations support the thesis of a close relationship between language and emotions at the level of word meaning as a specific evolutionary achievement of the human species. As such, this relationship seems to be different from the one between emotions and speech, where emotional meaning is conveyed by nonverbal features of the voice. But what does this relationship between written words and emotions theoretically imply for the processing of emotional information? The present Research Topic and its related articles aim to provide answers to this question. This book comprises several experimental studies investigating the brain structures and the time course of emotional word processing. Included are studies examining the affective core dimensions underlying affective word processing and studies that show how these basic affective dimensions influence word processing in general as well as the interaction between words, feelings and (expressive) behavior. In addition, new impetus comes from studies that on the one hand investigate how task-, sublexical and intrapersonal factors influence emotional word processing and on the other hand extend emotional word processing to the domains of social context and self-related processing. Finally, future perspectives are outlined including research on emotion and language acquisition, culture and multilingualism. In summary, this textbook offers scientists from different disciplines insight into the neurophysiological, behavioral and subjective mechanisms underlying emotion and language interactions. It gives new impulses to existing theories on the embodiment of language and emotion and provides new ways of looking at emotion-cognition interactions.

Author: Hans Servaas Crombag
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 440

View

Book Description

Author: Devan Allen McGranahan
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 0429944942
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 267

View

Book Description
Ecology of Fire-Dependent Ecosystems is brimming with intriguing ecological stories of how life has evolved with and diversified within the varied fire regimes that are experienced on earth. Moreover, the book places itself as a communication between students, fire scientists, and fire fighters, and each of these groups will find some familiar ground, and some challenging aspects in this text: something which ultimately will help to bring us closer together and enrich our different approaches to understanding and managing our changing planet. -- Sally Archibald, Professor, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa Most textbooks are as dry as kindling and about as much fun to sink your teeth into. This is not that kind of textbook. Devan Allen McGranahan and Carissa L. Wonkka have taken a complex topic and somehow managed to synthesize it into a comprehensive, yet digestible form. This is a book you can read cover to cover – I know, I did it. As a result, I took an enlightening journey through the history and fundamentals of fire and its role in the natural and human world, ending with a thoughtful review of the evolving relationship between humans and wildland fire. -- Chris Helzer, Nebraska Director of Science, The Nature Conservancy, and author of The Prairie Ecologist blog Ecology of Fire-Dependent Ecosystems: Wildland Fire Science, Policy, and Management is intended for use in upper-level courses in fire ecology and wildland fire management and as a reference for researchers, managers, and other professionals involved with wildland fire science, practice, and policy. The book helps guide students and scientists to design and conduct robust wildland fire research projects and critically interpret and apply fire science in any management, education, or policy situation. It emphasizes variability in wildland fire as an ecological regime and provides tools for students, researchers, and managers to assess and connect fire environment and fire behaviour to fire effects. Fire has not only shaped social and ecological communities but pushed ecosystems beyond previous boundaries, yet understanding the nature and effects of fire as an ecological disturbance has been slow, hampered by the complexity of the dynamic interactions between vegetation and climate and the fear of the destruction fire can bring. This book will help those who study, manage, and use wildland fire to develop new answers and novel solutions, based on an understanding of how fire functions in natural and social environments. It reviews literature, synthesizes concepts, and identifies research gaps and policy needs. The text also explores the interaction of fire and human culture, demonstrating how fire policy can be made adaptable to cultural and socio-ecological objectives.