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Author: Min Chai Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 117
Book Description
Aging and aging related diseases are closely related to wellness and lifespan of aged population. Modulating aging can be achieved by specific gene mutations, intrinsic signaling regulation (e.g. by dietary restriction) and pharmacological perturbations. Recent studies on the role of metabolism and endogenous metabolites in aging process provided hope for new anti-aging approaches to counter aging and aging related diseases. Here we identified a novel anti-aging metabolite, -ketobutyrate ( -KB), that extends the lifespan of adult Caenorhabditis elegans and aged mice. Utilizing drug affinity responsive target stability assay, in-vitro enzymatic kinetics analysis, and epistasis, we demonstrated that -KB depends on pyruvate dehydrogenase perturbation as a competitive alternative substrate to extend lifespan. Consistently, rewired pyruvate metabolism was detected in both -KB treatment and genetic inhibition of pyruvate dehydrogenase in mammalian models. Furthermore, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway activation is required to induce longevity by -KB. In an Alzheimer's disease C. elegans model, epistasis demonstrated that -KB requires pyruvate dehydrogenase and AMPK to delay the age dependent paralysis progression. Besides lifespan extension, -KB also improves fitness in aged mice, including maintaining healthy hair growth. In the search of its mechanism and additional hair regenerative compounds, we discovered the essential role of autophagy in hair growth cycle and potential application of autophagy activators in hair loss therapy. As a shared effector of anti-aging signaling pathways, including TOR and AMPK pathways, autophagy is successfully induced by known aging modulators, - ketoglutarate, -KB, rapamycin, and metformin in mouse skin and confers their hair regeneration effect. Co-treatment of specific autophagy inhibitors blocks the stimulation of hair regeneration, which further confirmed the requirement of autophagy activation by these agents. Consistently, dynamically regulated autophagy level is detected during hair cycle: upregulation from telogen throughout anagen phase and downregulation from catagen until telogen. Our finding that -KB combats aging and aging related disorders in worms and mice has implications for human anti-aging remedies development.
Author: Min Chai Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 117
Book Description
Aging and aging related diseases are closely related to wellness and lifespan of aged population. Modulating aging can be achieved by specific gene mutations, intrinsic signaling regulation (e.g. by dietary restriction) and pharmacological perturbations. Recent studies on the role of metabolism and endogenous metabolites in aging process provided hope for new anti-aging approaches to counter aging and aging related diseases. Here we identified a novel anti-aging metabolite, -ketobutyrate ( -KB), that extends the lifespan of adult Caenorhabditis elegans and aged mice. Utilizing drug affinity responsive target stability assay, in-vitro enzymatic kinetics analysis, and epistasis, we demonstrated that -KB depends on pyruvate dehydrogenase perturbation as a competitive alternative substrate to extend lifespan. Consistently, rewired pyruvate metabolism was detected in both -KB treatment and genetic inhibition of pyruvate dehydrogenase in mammalian models. Furthermore, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway activation is required to induce longevity by -KB. In an Alzheimer's disease C. elegans model, epistasis demonstrated that -KB requires pyruvate dehydrogenase and AMPK to delay the age dependent paralysis progression. Besides lifespan extension, -KB also improves fitness in aged mice, including maintaining healthy hair growth. In the search of its mechanism and additional hair regenerative compounds, we discovered the essential role of autophagy in hair growth cycle and potential application of autophagy activators in hair loss therapy. As a shared effector of anti-aging signaling pathways, including TOR and AMPK pathways, autophagy is successfully induced by known aging modulators, - ketoglutarate, -KB, rapamycin, and metformin in mouse skin and confers their hair regeneration effect. Co-treatment of specific autophagy inhibitors blocks the stimulation of hair regeneration, which further confirmed the requirement of autophagy activation by these agents. Consistently, dynamically regulated autophagy level is detected during hair cycle: upregulation from telogen throughout anagen phase and downregulation from catagen until telogen. Our finding that -KB combats aging and aging related disorders in worms and mice has implications for human anti-aging remedies development.
Author: Tamas Fulop Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 1402090633 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 1693
Book Description
This authoritative handbook covers all aspects of immunosenescence, with contributions from experts in the research and clinical areas. It examines methods and models for studying immunosenescence; genetics; mechanisms including receptors and signal transduction; clinical relevance in disease states including infections, autoimmunity, cancer, metabolic syndrome, neurodegenerative diseases, frailty and osteoporosis; and much more.
Author: Jerry J. Buccafusco Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 1420041819 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 341
Book Description
Using the most well-studied behavioral analyses of animal subjects to promote a better understanding of the effects of disease and the effects of new therapeutic treatments on human cognition, Methods of Behavior Analysis in Neuroscience provides a reference manual for molecular and cellular research scientists in both academia and the pharmaceutic
Author: L. Robert Publisher: Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers ISBN: 3318026530 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 226
Book Description
Aging inspired a large number of theories trying to rationalize the aging process common to all living beings. In this publication the most important environmental and intrinsic mechanisms involved in the aging process and in its pathological consequences are reviewed. Furthermore theoretical and experimental evidence of the most important theoretical elements based on Darwinian evolution, cellular aging, role of cell membranes, free radicals and oxidative processes, receptor-mediated reactions, the extracellular matrix and immune functions as well as the most important environmental and intrinsic mechanisms involved in the aging process and in its pathological consequences are discussed. These presentations of theories and related experimental facts give a global overview of up to date concepts of the biology of the aging process and are of essential reading not only for specialists in this field but also for practitioners of scientific, medical, social and experimental sciences.
Author: Miranda A. Farage Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 3540896554 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 1255
Book Description
This comprehensive ‘Major Reference Book’ compiles all current and latest information on aging skin in a two-volume set. Highly structured with a reader-friendly format, it covers a wide range of areas such as basic sciences, the different diseases and conditions which occur with aging (from malignant to non-malignant), the latest techniques and methods being used such as bioengineering methods and biometrics as well as toxicological and safety considerations for the elderly population. It also illustrates the global consumers’ sociological and psychological implications, ethnicity and gender differences and includes marketing considerations for this elderly group. This unique and comprehensive guide will become the main reference textbook on this topic.
Author: C. S. Pitchumoni Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 1441916237 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 660
Book Description
As aging trends in the United States and Europe in particular are strongly suggestive of increasingly older society, it would be prudent for health care providers to better prepare for such changes. By including physiology, disease, nutrition, pharmacology, pathology, radiology and other relevant associated topics, Geriatric Gastroenterology fills the void in the literature for a volume devoted specifically to gastrointestinal illness in the elderly. This unique volume includes provision of training for current and future generations of physicians to deal with the health problems of older adults. It will also serve as a comprehensive guide to practicing physicians for ease of reference. Relevant to the geriatric age group, the volume covers epidemiology, physiology of aging, gastrointestinal physiology, pharmacology, radiology, pathology, motility disorders, luminal disorders, hepato-biliary disease, systemic manifestations, neoplastic disorders, gastrointestinal bleeding, cancer and medication related interactions and adverse events, all extremely common in older adults; these are often hard to evaluate and judge, especially considering the complex aging physiology. All have become important components of modern medicine. Special emphasis is be given to nutrition and related disorders. Capsule endoscopy and its utility in the geriatric population is also covered. Presented in simple, easy to read style, the volume includes numerous tables, figures and key points enabling ease of understanding. Chapters on imaging and pathology are profusely illustrated. All chapters are written by specialists and include up to date scientific information. Geriatric Gastroenterology is of great utility to residents in internal medicine, fellows in gastroenterology and geriatric medicine as well as gastroenterologists, geriatricians and practicing physicians including primary care physicians caring for older adults.
Author: Sara C. Zapico Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 1315354209 Category : Law Languages : en Pages : 200
Book Description
This book focuses on four of the hallmarks of aging: aspartic acid racemization, advanced glycation end products, telomere shortening and mitochondrial mutations; describing their role in aging and diseases; and their application to age-at-death estimation in forensic sciences in greater depth, displaying the interconnecting pathways among these processes. An additional chapter related to Epigenetics and its role in aging, diseases, and forensic age estimation is also included. This book is aimed at a broad audience: from students being introduced to aging, diseases, and forensic science research to scientists in biomedicine and forensics complementing their knowledge in their respective fields while also increasing their knowledge in other disciplines.
Author: Hae-Young Chung Publisher: MDPI ISBN: 3039438379 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 186
Book Description
Recent biochemical studies indicate that calorie restriction (CR) is a widely accepted method for anti-aging intervention. CR and intermittent fasting (IF), which involves reduced calories but proper nutritional intake during specific periods, are interventions that can consistently promote health benefits, delay biological aging, and extend both average and maximal lifespan. Furthermore, CR can modulate age-related diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease, atherosclerosis, diabetes, obesity, cancer, and others. Advances in omics technologies have provided a technical breakthrough that enabled the investigation of DNA, RNA, proteins, and other cellular molecules and their comprehensive interactions in a biological context. Nowadays, it is possible to analyze and integrate biological processes that occur in aging systems at the molecular level using state-of-the-art techniques such as next-generation sequencing (NGS), proteomics, lipidomics, metabolomics, and epigenomics. Omics technology and systems gerontology provide predictive information on CR effects, molecular mechanisms, and pathways underlying the anti-aging actions of CR and IF. This Special Issue, “The effects of calorie restriction and intermittent fasting on health and disease”, focuses on the effects of calorie restriction and intermittent fasting on age-related inflammation, autophagy, metabolism, longevity, mitochondrial function, and age-related diseases.
Author: Felipe Sierra Publisher: Springer ISBN: 3319232460 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 637
Book Description
This book provides the first comprehensive overview of a new scientific discipline termed Geroscience. Geroscience examines the molecular and cellular mechanisms that might explain why aging is the main risk factor for most chronic diseases affecting the elderly population. Over the past few decades, researchers have made impressive progress in understanding the genetics, biology and physiology of aging. This book presents vital research that can help readers to better understand how aging is a critical malleable risk factor in most chronic diseases, which, in turn, could lead to interventions that can help increase a healthy lifespan, or ‘healthspan.’ The book begins with an analysis of the Geroscience hypothesis, as well as the epidemiological underpinnings that define aging as a candidate main risk factor for most chronic diseases. Next, each chapter focuses on one particular disease, or group of diseases, with an emphasis on how basic molecular and cellular biology might explain why aging is a major risk factor for it. Coverage in the book includes: cancer, cardiovascular disease, dementias, stroke, Parkinson's and Alzheimer’s diseases, osteoporosis, arthritis, diabetes asthma, emphysema, kidney disease, vision impairment, and AIDS/HIV. It finishes with a chapter on pain in the elderly and an overview of future steps needed to bring the newly acquired knowledge into the clinic and the public at large.
Author: Min Chai
Author: Min Chai
Author: Tamas Fulop
Author: Vladimir Veniaminovich Frolʹkis
Author: Jerry J. Buccafusco
Author: L. Robert
Author: Miranda A. Farage
Author: C. S. Pitchumoni
Author: Sara C. Zapico
Author: Hae-Young Chung
Author: Felipe Sierra