Modern Approaches to Augmentation of Brain Function PDF Download

Author: Ioan Opris
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3030545644
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 747

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Book Description
This book covers recent advances in neural technology that provide for enhancements for brain function. It addresses a broad range of neural phenomena occurring in the brain circuits involved in perception, cognition, emotion and action, that represent the building blocks of behavior and cognition. Augmentation of brain function can be achieved by using brain implants for recordings, stimulation, or drug delivery. Alternative methods include employing brain-machine interfaces, as well as noninvasive activation of certain brain areas. This volume evaluates existing methods of brain augmentation while discussing the brain circuitry and neuronal mechanisms that make augmentation possible. This volume offers novel insights into brain disorders, and explores new devices for brain repair while also addressing the philosophical and ethical implications of brain augmentation. The information in this book is relevant to researchers in the fields of neuroscience, engineering, and clinical practice. Advance Praise for Modern Approaches to Augmentation of Brain Function: “This impressive book by leading experts in neuroscience and neuroengineering lays out the future of brain augmentation, in which the human mind and machine merge, leading to a rapid exponential growth of the power of humanity.” Ray Kurzweil, best-selling author, inventor, entrepreneur and a recipient of the National Medal of Technology and Innovation (1999), and the Lemelson-MIT Prize (2001) "This book employs a holistic approach in covering the recent advances in the fields of neuroscience, neuroinformatics, neurotechnology and neuro-psycho-pharmacology. Each chapter of the book covers major aspects of modern brain research in connection with the human mind and behavior, and is authored by researchers with unique expertise in their field. " Ioan Dumitrache, Prof. Dr. Eng. Faculty of Computer Science, Polytechnic University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania “This book presents compelling perspectives on what interactive neuroscience will look like in the future, delving into the innovatory ideas of a diverse set of neuroscientists, and speculating on the different ways computer chips implanted in the brains of humans can effect intelligence and communication.” György Buzsáki, MD, PhD is the Biggs Professor of Neuroscience, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY

Author: Ioan Opris
Publisher:
ISBN: 9783030545659
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0

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Book Description
This book covers recent advances in the neural technology that produces enhancements for brain function. It addresses a broad range of neural phenomena occurring in the brain circuits for perception, cognition, emotion and action, representing the building blocks of the behavior and mind. Augmentation of brain function is achieved using brain implants for recordings, stimulation and drug delivery. Alternative methods include employing brain-machine interfaces, as well as noninvasive activation of certain brain areas. Existing methods of brain augmentation are evaluated, and new approaches are introduced. Brain circuitry and neuronal mechanisms that are candidates for augmentation are discussed. This volume provides novel insights into brain disorders, and new devices for brain repair. Information in this book is relevant to researchers in the field of neuroscience, engineering, and clinical practice. Philosophical and ethical implications of brain augmentation are also addressed. "This impressive book by leading experts in neuroscience and neuroengineering lays out the future of brain augmentation, in which the human mind and machine merge, leading to a rapid exponential growth of the power of humanity." - Ray Kurzweil "This book employs a holistic approach in covering the recent advances in the fields of neuroscience, neuroinformatics, neurotechnology and neuro-psycho-pharmacology. Each chapter of the book covers major aspects of modern brain research in connection with the human mind and behavior, and is authored by researchers with unique expertise in their field. " - Ioan Dumitrache "This book presents compelling perspectives on what interactive neuroscience will look like in the future, delving into the innovatory ideas of a diverse set of neuroscientists, and speculating on the different ways computer chips implanted in the brains of humans can effect intelligence and communication." - György Buzsáki.

Author: Manuel F. Casanova
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2889456161
Category : Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry
Languages : en
Pages : 338

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Book Description
The final volume in this tripartite series on Brain Augmentation is entitled “From Clinical Applications to Ethical Issues and Futuristic Ideas”. Many of the articles within this volume deal with translational efforts taking the results of experiments on laboratory animals and applying them to humans. In many cases, these interventions are intended to help people with disabilities in such a way so as to either restore or extend brain function. Traditionally, therapies in brain augmentation have included electrical and pharmacological techniques. In contrast, some of the techniques discussed in this volume add specificity by targeting select neural populations. This approach opens the door to where and how to promote the best interventions. Along the way, results have empowered the medical profession by expanding their understanding of brain function. Articles in this volume relate novel clinical solutions for a host of neurological and psychiatric conditions such as stroke, Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease, epilepsy, dementia, Alzheimer’s disease, autism spectrum disorders (ASD), traumatic brain injury, and disorders of consciousness. In disease, symptoms and signs denote a departure from normal function. Brain augmentation has now been used to target both the core symptoms that provide specificity in the diagnosis of a disease, as well as other constitutional symptoms that may greatly handicap the individual. The volume provides a report on the use of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in ASD with reported improvements of core deficits (i.e., executive functions). TMS in this regard departs from the present-day trend towards symptomatic treatment that leaves unaltered the root cause of the condition. In diseases, such as schizophrenia, brain augmentation approaches hold promise to avoid lengthy pharmacological interventions that are usually riddled with side effects or those with limiting returns as in the case of Parkinson’s disease. Brain stimulation can also be used to treat auditory verbal hallucination, visuospatial (hemispatial) neglect, and pain in patients suffering from multiple sclerosis. The brain acts as a telecommunication transceiver wherein different bandwidth of frequencies (brainwave oscillations) transmit information. Their baseline levels correlate with certain behavioral states. The proper integration of brain oscillations provides for the phenomenon of binding and central coherence. Brain augmentation may foster the normalization of brain oscillations in nervous system disorders. These techniques hold the promise of being applied remotely (under the supervision of medical personnel), thus overcoming the obstacle of travel in order to obtain healthcare. At present, traditional thinking would argue the possibility of synergism among different modalities of brain augmentation as a way of increasing their overall effectiveness and improving therapeutic selectivity. Thinking outside of the box would also provide for the implementation of brain-to-brain interfaces where techniques, proper to artificial intelligence, could allow us to surpass the limits of natural selection or enable communications between several individual brains sharing memories, or even a global brain capable of self-organization. Not all brains are created equal. Brain stimulation studies suggest large individual variability in response that may affect overall recovery/treatment, or modify desired effects of a given intervention. The subject’s age, gender, hormonal levels may affect an individual’s cortical excitability. In addition, this volume discusses the role of social interactions in the operations of augmenting technologies. Finally, augmenting methods could be applied to modulate consciousness, even though its neural mechanisms are poorly understood. Finally, this volume should be taken as a debate on social, moral and ethical issues on neurotechnologies. Brain enhancement may transform the individual into someone or something else. These techniques bypass the usual routes of accommodation to environmental exigencies that exalted our personal fortitude: learning, exercising, and diet. This will allow humans to preselect desired characteristics and realize consequent rewards without having to overcome adversity through more laborious means. The concern is that humans may be playing God, and the possibility of an expanding gap in social equity where brain enhancements may be selectively available to the wealthier individuals. These issues are discussed by a number of articles in this volume. Also discussed are the relationship between the diminishment and enhancement following the application of brain-augmenting technologies, the problem of “mind control” with BMI technologies, free will the duty to use cognitive enhancers in high-responsibility professions, determining the population of people in need of brain enhancement, informed public policy, cognitive biases, and the hype caused by the development of brain- augmenting approaches.

Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0

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Book Description
The final volume in this tripartite series on Brain Augmentation is entitled "From Clinical Applications to Ethical Issues and Futuristic Ideas". Many of the articles within this volume deal with translational efforts taking the results of experiments on laboratory animals and applying them to humans. In many cases, these interventions are intended to help people with disabilities in such a way so as to either restore or extend brain function. Traditionally, therapies in brain augmentation have included electrical and pharmacological techniques. In contrast, some of the techniques discussed in this volume add specificity by targeting select neural populations. This approach opens the door to where and how to promote the best interventions. Along the way, results have empowered the medical profession by expanding their understanding of brain function. Articles in this volume relate novel clinical solutions for a host of neurological and psychiatric conditions such as stroke, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, epilepsy, dementia, Alzheimer's disease, autism spectrum disorders (ASD), traumatic brain injury, and disorders of consciousness. In disease, symptoms and signs denote a departure from normal function. Brain augmentation has now been used to target both the core symptoms that provide specificity in the diagnosis of a disease, as well as other constitutional symptoms that may greatly handicap the individual. The volume provides a report on the use of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in ASD with reported improvements of core deficits (i.e., executive functions). TMS in this regard departs from the present-day trend towards symptomatic treatment that leaves unaltered the root cause of the condition. In diseases, such as schizophrenia, brain augmentation approaches hold promise to avoid lengthy pharmacological interventions that are usually riddled with side effects or those with limiting returns as in the case of Parkinson's disease. Brain stimulation can also be used to treat auditory verbal hallucination, visuospatial (hemispatial) neglect, and pain in patients suffering from multiple sclerosis. The brain acts as a telecommunication transceiver wherein different bandwidth of frequencies (brainwave oscillations) transmit information. Their baseline levels correlate with certain behavioral states. The proper integration of brain oscillations provides for the phenomenon of binding and central coherence. Brain augmentation may foster the normalization of brain oscillations in nervous system disorders. These techniques hold the promise of being applied remotely (under the supervision of medical personnel), thus overcoming the obstacle of travel in order to obtain healthcare. At present, traditional thinking would argue the possibility of synergism among different modalities of brain augmentation as a way of increasing their overall effectiveness and improving therapeutic selectivity. Thinking outside of the box would also provide for the implementation of brain-to-brain interfaces where techniques, proper to artificial intelligence, could allow us to surpass the limits of natural selection or enable communications between several individual brains sharing memories, or even a global brain capable of self-organization. Not all brains are created equal. Brain stimulation studies suggest large individual variability in response that may affect overall recovery/treatment, or modify desired effects of a given intervention. The subject's age, gender, hormonal levels may affect an individual's cortical excitability. In addition, this volume discusses the role of social interactions in the operations of augmenting technologies. Finally, augmenting methods could be applied to modulate consciousness, even though its neural mechanisms are poorly understood. Finally, this volume should be taken as a debate on social, moral and ethical issues on neurotechnologies. Brain enhancement may transform the individual into someone or something else. These techniques bypass the usual routes of accommodation to environmental exigencies that exalted our personal fortitude: learning, exercising, and diet. This will allow humans to preselect desired characteristics and realize consequent rewards without having to overcome adversity through more laborious means. The concern is that humans may be playing God, and the possibility of an expanding gap in social equity where brain enhancements may be selectively available to the wealthier individuals. These issues are discussed by a number of articles in this volume. Also discussed are the relationship between the diminishment and enhancement following the application of brain-augmenting technologies, the problem of "mind control" with BMI technologies, free will the duty to use cognitive enhancers in high-responsibility professions, determining the population of people in need of brain enhancement, informed public policy, cognitive biases, and the hype caused by the development of brain- augmenting approaches.

Author: Max White
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781639871421
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0

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Book Description
The human brain is a part of the human nervous system. This organ is responsible for controlling almost all the activities of the body. The augmentation of the brain refers to the different ways in which the performance of the brain can be boosted. It can also be used to repair the brain of a person who suffers from a neurological disease. This can be done through a variety of methods such as through brain implants, brain-machine interfaces (BMI), or through pharmacological or electrical stimulation. There are also non-invasive techniques which can activate specific areas of the brain. This book unfolds the innovative aspects of brain augmentation which will be crucial for the progress of this field in the future. The recent studies that are constantly contributing towards advancing technologies and evolution of this field are examined in detail. As this field is emerging at a rapid pace, the contents of this book will help the readers understand the modern concepts and applications of the subject.

Author: Mufti Mahmud
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3031150376
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 390

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Book Description
This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Brain Informatics, BI 2022, held as hybrid event in Padua, Italy (in person) and Queensland, Australia (online) in July 2022. The 29 papers were selected from 65 submissions and the main theme of BI 2022 is Brain Science meets Artificial Intelligence with respect to the five tracks: Cognitive and computational foundations of brain science; human information processing systems; brain big data analytics, curation and management; informatics paradigms for brain and mental health research; and brain-machine intelligence and brain inspired computing.

Author: Mikhail Lebedev
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2889456145
Category : Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry
Languages : en
Pages : 666

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Book Description
Volume I, entitled “Augmentation of Brain Functions: Brain-Machine Interfaces”, is a collection of articles on neuroprosthetic technologies that utilize brain-machine interfaces (BMIs). BMIs strive to augment the brain by linking neural activity, recorded invasively or noninvasively, to external devices, such as arm prostheses, exoskeletons that enable bipedal walking, means of communication and technologies that augment attention. In addition to many practical applications, BMIs provide useful research tools for basic science. Several articles cover challenges and controversies in this rapidly developing field, such as ways to improve information transfer rate. BMIs can be applied to the awake state of the brain and to the sleep state, as well. BMIs can augment action planning and decision making. Importantly, BMI operations evoke brain plasticity, which can have long-lasting effects. Advanced neural decoding algorithms that utilize optimal feedback controllers are key to the BMI performance. BMI approach can be combined with the other augmentation methods; such systems are called hybrid BMIs. Overall, it appears that BMI will lead to many powerful and practical brain-augmenting technologies in the future.

Author:
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 0192568256
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 1249

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Book Description
Transcranial stimulation encompasses noninvasive methods that transmit physical fields-such as magnetic, electric, ultrasound, and light-to the brain to modulate its function. The most widespread approach, transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), has emerged as an important tool in several areas of neuroscience as well as in clinical applications in psychiatry and neurology. Originally envisioned as a way to measure the responsiveness and conduction speed of neurons and synapses in the brain and spinal cord, TMS has also become an important tool for changing the activity of brain neurons and the functions they subserve as well as an causal adjunct to brain imaging and mapping techniques. Along with transcranial electrical stimulation techniques, TMS has diffused far beyond the borders of clinical neurophysiology and into cognitive, perceptual, behavioural, and therapeutic investigation and attracted a highly diverse group of users and would-be users. Another major success of TMS has been as a treatment in psychiatry, where it is now in routine use worldwide. The field of noninvasive neuromodulation has matured and diversified considerably in the past decade, with an expansion in the number of tools available and our understanding of their mechanisms of action. This second edition of The Oxford Handbook of Transcranial Stimulation brings together the latest developments and important advances in all areas of Transcranial stimulation. The new volume captures the rapid progress made since the first edition, and provides an authoritative and comprehensive review of the state of the art. It also highlights challenges, opportunities, and future directions for this rapidly changing field. The book focuses on the scientific and technical background required to understand transcranial stimulation techniques and a wide-ranging survey of their burgeoning applications in neurophysiology, neuroscience, and therapy. Each of its six sections deals with a major area and is edited by an international authority therein. It will serve researchers, clinicians, students, and others as the definitive text in this area for years to come.

Author: Raquel V. Benítez Rojas
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1000926036
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 157

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Book Description
This collection of essays explores the present and future of digital communication through a range of interdisciplinary approaches, all of which focus on the so-called metaverse. The metaverse is a combination of multiple elements of technology – including virtual reality, augmented reality, and video – where users "live" within a digital universe. The vision for this new universe is that its users can work, play, and stay connected with friends through everything. Such a vision is hinted at in existing phenomena such as online game universes.

Author: Ana I. Pereira
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3031232364
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 840

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Book Description
This book constitutes the proceedings of the Second International Conference on Optimization, Learning Algorithms and Applications, OL2A 2022, held in Bragança, Portugal, in October 2022. The 53 full papers and 3 short papers were thoroughly reviewed and selected from 145 submissions. They are organized in the topical sections on Machine and Deep Learning; Optimization; Artificial Intelligence; Optimization in Control Systems Design; Measurements with the Internet of Things; Trends in Engineering Education; Advances and Optimization in Cyber-Physical Systems; and Computer vision based on learning algorithms.