Models of Pedestrian Crossing Behavior at Signalized Intersections PDF Download

Author: S. Palamarthy
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 112

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Author: Hui Xi
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 225

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Book Description
A multi-scale agent-based simulation framework is firstly proposed to analyze pedestrian delays at signalized crosswalks in large urban areas under different conditions. The aggregated-level model runs under normal conditions, where each crosswalk is represented as an agent. Pedestrian counts collected near crosswalks are utilized to derive the binary choice probability from a utility maximization model. The derived probability function is utilized based on the extended Adam's model to estimate an average pedestrian delay with corresponding traffic flow rate and traffic light control at each crosswalk. When abnormality is detected, the detailed-level model with each pedestrian as an agent is running in the affected subareas. Pedestrian decision-making under abnormal conditions, physical movement, and crowd congestion are considered in the detailed-level model. The detailed-level model contains two sub-level models: the tactical sub-level model for pedestrian route choice and the operational sub-level model for pedestrian physical interactions. The tactical sub-level model is based on Extended Decision Field Theory (EDFT) to represent the psychological preferences of pedestrians with respect to different route choice options during their deliberation process after evaluating current surroundings. At the operational sub-level model, physical interactions among pedestrians and consequent congestions are represented using a Cellular Automata model, in which pedestrians are allowed biased random-walking without back step towards their destination that has been given by the tactical sub-level model. In addition, Dynamic-Data-Driven Application Systems (DDDAS) architecture has been integrated with the proposed multi-scale simulation framework for an abnormality detection and appropriate fidelity selection (between the aggregate level and the detailed level models) during the simulation execution process. Various experiments have been conducted under varying conditions with the scenario of a Chicago Loop area to demonstrate the advantage of the proposed framework, balancing between computational efficiency and model accuracy. In addition to the signalized intersections, pedestrian crossing behavior under unsignalized conditions which has been recognized as a main reason for pedestrian-vehicle crashes has also been analyzed in this dissertation. To this end, an agent-based model is proposed to mimic pedestrian crossing behavior together with drivers' yielding behavior in the midblock crossing scenario. In particular, pedestrian-vehicle interaction is first modeled as a Two-player Pareto game which develops evaluation of strategies from two aspects, delay and risk, for each agent (i.e. pedestrian and driver). The evaluations are then used by Extended Decision Field Theory to mimic decision making of each agent based on his/her aggressiveness and physical capabilities. A base car-following algorithm from NGSIM is employed to represent vehicles' physical movement and execution of drivers' decisions. A midblock segment of a typical arterial in the Tucson area is adopted to illustrate the proposed model, and the model for the considered scenario has been implemented in AnyLogic® simulation software. Using the constructed simulation, experiments have been conducted to analyze different behaviors of pedestrians and drivers and the mutual impact upon each other, i.e. average pedestrian delay resulted from different crossing behaviors (aggressive vs. conservative), and average braking distance which is affected by driving aggressiveness and drivers' awareness of pedestrians. The results look interesting and are believed to be useful for improvement of pedestrians' safety during their midblock crossing. To the best of our knowledge, the proposed multi-scale modeling framework for pedestrians and drivers is one of the first efforts to estimate pedestrian delays in an urban area with adaptive resolution based on demand and accuracy requirement, as well as to address pedestrian-vehicle interactions under unsignalized conditions.

Author: Srinivas Palamarthy
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Alleys
Languages : en
Pages : 108

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Book Description
This report focuses on the crossing behavior of pedestrians at traffic signalised intersections. Since a non-compliant pedestrian attempting to cross on a "don't walk" phase looks for gaps in the traffic stream, the gap-acceptance theory is used to model the crossing maneuver. An inconsistent behavior model is assumed wherein the critical gap is treated as a random quantity varying both within and across individuals. On-site surveys were conducted to obtain information on the behavior using a video recording technique

Author:
Publisher:
ISBN: 9780309369626
Category : Pedestrian accidents
Languages : en
Pages : 188

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Book Description

Author: Simon Washington
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 0429520751
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 496

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Book Description
The book's website (with databases and other support materials) can be accessed here. Praise for the Second Edition: The second edition introduces an especially broad set of statistical methods ... As a lecturer in both transportation and marketing research, I find this book an excellent textbook for advanced undergraduate, Master’s and Ph.D. students, covering topics from simple descriptive statistics to complex Bayesian models. ... It is one of the few books that cover an extensive set of statistical methods needed for data analysis in transportation. The book offers a wealth of examples from the transportation field. —The American Statistician Statistical and Econometric Methods for Transportation Data Analysis, Third Edition offers an expansion over the first and second editions in response to the recent methodological advancements in the fields of econometrics and statistics and to provide an increasing range of examples and corresponding data sets. It describes and illustrates some of the statistical and econometric tools commonly used in transportation data analysis. It provides a wide breadth of examples and case studies, covering applications in various aspects of transportation planning, engineering, safety, and economics. Ample analytical rigor is provided in each chapter so that fundamental concepts and principles are clear and numerous references are provided for those seeking additional technical details and applications. New to the Third Edition Updated references and improved examples throughout. New sections on random parameters linear regression and ordered probability models including the hierarchical ordered probit model. A new section on random parameters models with heterogeneity in the means and variances of parameter estimates. Multiple new sections on correlated random parameters and correlated grouped random parameters in probit, logit and hazard-based models. A new section discussing the practical aspects of random parameters model estimation. A new chapter on Latent Class Models. A new chapter on Bivariate and Multivariate Dependent Variable Models. Statistical and Econometric Methods for Transportation Data Analysis, Third Edition can serve as a textbook for advanced undergraduate, Masters, and Ph.D. students in transportation-related disciplines including engineering, economics, urban and regional planning, and sociology. The book also serves as a technical reference for researchers and practitioners wishing to examine and understand a broad range of statistical and econometric tools required to study transportation problems.

Author: Hugh C. Foot
Publisher: Greenwood
ISBN:
Category : Transportation
Languages : en
Pages : 252

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Book Description

Author: Charles V. Zegeer
Publisher: DIANE Publishing
ISBN: 1428995501
Category : Pedestrian accidents
Languages : en
Pages : 164

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Book Description
This guide is intended to provide information on how to identify safety and mobility needs for pedestrians with the roadway right-of-way. Useful for engineers, planners, safety professionals and decision-makers, the guide covers such topics as: the Walking Environment including sidewalks, curb ramps, crosswalks, roadway lighting and pedestrian over and under passes; Roadway Design including bicycle lanes, roadway narrowing, reducing the number of lanes, one-way/two-way streets, right-turn slip lanes and raised medians; Intersections with roundabouts, T-intersections and median barriers; and Traffic calming designs.

Author: John F. Exnicios
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 124

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Book Description

Author: Harry Timmermans
Publisher: Emerald Group Publishing
ISBN: 1848557507
Category : Transportation
Languages : en
Pages : 359

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Book Description
Studies of pedestrian behaviour have gained attention in a variety of disciplines. Different technologies have been used to collect data about pedestrian movement patterns. This book aims to document these developments in research and modelling approaches. It includes modelling approaches such as cellular automata models and fluid dynamics.

Author: Stacy A. Balk
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Behavioral assessment
Languages : en
Pages : 220

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Book Description
The influences of pedestrian and environmental factors on crossing location choice were examined. A literature review covering factors intrinsic to pedestrians is provided. In addition, pedestrian crossings at 20 different locations were recorded and analyzed. The vast majority of crossings (89 percent of the total observed) took place in the marked intersection crosswalks. A model to predict pedestrian crossing location is provided. The model uses various environmental variables as predicting factors and was shown to successfully predict an average of 90 percent of the crossings.