Author: Marcel Marchand Publisher: IOS Press ISBN: 1607500698 Category : Nature Languages : en Pages : 260
Book Description
Models that explore vulnerability under various planned and unplanned conditions hardly exist. This title focuses on the vulnerability of societies in low lying coastal and deltaic environments to tropical cyclonic storms and floods.
Author: Meenu Rani Publisher: Elsevier ISBN: 0128231602 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 428
Book Description
Remote Sensing of Ocean and Coastal Environments advances the scientific understanding and application of technologies to address a variety of areas relating to sustainable development, including environmental systems analysis, environmental management, clean processes, green chemistry and green engineering. Through each contributed chapter, the book covers ocean remote sensing, ocean color monitoring, modeling biomass and the carbon of oceanic ecosystems, sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface salinity, ocean monitoring for oil spills and pollutions, coastal erosion and accretion measurement. This book is aimed at those with a common interest in oceanography techniques, sustainable development and other diverse backgrounds within earth and ocean science fields. This book is ideal for academicians, scientists, environmentalists, meteorologists, environmental consultants and computing experts working in the areas of earth and ocean sciences. Provides a comprehensive assessment of various ocean processes and their relative phenomena Includes graphical abstract and photosets in each chapter Presents literature reviews, case studies and applications
Author: Madison Elise Heppe Publisher: ISBN: Category : Atlantic Coast (Fla.) -- Environmental conditions -- 21st century -- Risk assessment Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
Coastal and riverine communities, with anthropogenic congestion and natural and economic resources, are vulnerable to climate change impacts including rising sea levels and increasing severity and frequency of storms. Coastal habitats are being increasingly recognized as natural infrastructure that provides resiliency against these stressors. However, few studies have analyzed coastal vulnerability at landscape scale with finely resolved spatial data that account for habitats and demographics. The purpose of this study is to map the coastal vulnerability of the St. Johns River and adjacent Northeastern Florida Atlantic shoreline within the St. Johns River Water Management District. Unique to this study is that natural habitats, different sea level rise scenarios, and human demographics are considered. Specifically, the Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs (InVEST) 3.9.0 coastal vulnerability model with seven metrics (geomorphology, relief, natural habitats, sea level change, wave exposure, wind exposure, and surge potential) was used to create a coastal exposure index for shore points. Results showed vulnerability to erosion and flooding. Using three sea level rise scenarios (current, 2050 Intermediate-High, and 2100 Intermediate-High), it was found that (1) the coastal exposure indexes and habitat role values were spatially correlated; (2) rising sea levels increased the coastal exposure index and the role of habitats in providing protection; (3) vulnerability of population density and population below poverty density increased with higher sea levels and without habitats present; and (4) low vulnerability areas had high concentrations of mangroves. These results could be used to help prioritize which habitat types and where habitat protection and/or restoration is most needed for protecting shorelines and disadvantaged people. This type of coastal vulnerability study could aid resiliency planning efforts in Northeastern Florida and could be expanded upon for other socioeconomic, infrastructure, or ecosystem queries.
Author: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Publisher: Cambridge University Press ISBN: 9781009157971 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 755
Book Description
The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) is the leading international body for assessing the science related to climate change. It provides policymakers with regular assessments of the scientific basis of human-induced climate change, its impacts and future risks, and options for adaptation and mitigation. This IPCC Special Report on the Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate is the most comprehensive and up-to-date assessment of the observed and projected changes to the ocean and cryosphere and their associated impacts and risks, with a focus on resilience, risk management response options, and adaptation measures, considering both their potential and limitations. It brings together knowledge on physical and biogeochemical changes, the interplay with ecosystem changes, and the implications for human communities. It serves policymakers, decision makers, stakeholders, and all interested parties with unbiased, up-to-date, policy-relevant information. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
Author: Katelyn MacDonald Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 145
Book Description
The IPCC has identified small islands and coastal zones among regions most vulnerable to climate change. The geomorphological characteristics of Prince Edward Island (PEI), such as highly erodible sandstone bedrock and low elevation, contribute to a high degree of physical vulnerability to climate change. The province is highly susceptible to physical impacts of climate change including relative sea-level rise and increased rates of coastline retreat. In order to assess the physical coastal vulnerability of the ParCA study area of the North Shore, PEI, a model employing Geographic Information Systems (GIS), multi-criteria evaluation (MCE), and time step analysis is formulated. The physical vulnerability of the North Shore for the year 2010 was quantified in terms of wind-wave exposure condition, morphological resiliency, and permanent and episodic flood risk. These results are employed as model inputs to predict the shoreline for the subsequent time steps (2050, 2100), which are again analyzed to estimate future physical coastal vulnerability. Such an approach allows for updated predictions in intent to improve accuracy when compared to linear extrapolation. Finally, areas of highest priority for adaptation measures are quantified for each time step. This physical vulnerability analysis together with community-based and socioeconomic coastal vulnerability analyses will portray the comprehensive vulnerability of the North Shore to current and future effects of climate change.
Author: Coasts, Oceans, Ports and Rivers Institute (American Society of Civil Engineers) Publisher: Amer Society of Civil Engineers ISBN: 9780784411858 Category : Nature Languages : en Pages : 954
Book Description
This collection contains 79 papers addressing the challenges and lessons learned along the coastlines of the world, presented at the 2011 Solutions to Coastal Disasters Conference, held in Anchorage, Alaska, June 25-29, 2011.
Author: National Research Council Publisher: National Academies Press ISBN: 0309255945 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 274
Book Description
Tide gauges show that global sea level has risen about 7 inches during the 20th century, and recent satellite data show that the rate of sea-level rise is accelerating. As Earth warms, sea levels are rising mainly because ocean water expands as it warms; and water from melting glaciers and ice sheets is flowing into the ocean. Sea-level rise poses enormous risks to the valuable infrastructure, development, and wetlands that line much of the 1,600 mile shoreline of California, Oregon, and Washington. As those states seek to incorporate projections of sea-level rise into coastal planning, they asked the National Research Council to make independent projections of sea-level rise along their coasts for the years 2030, 2050, and 2100, taking into account regional factors that affect sea level. Sea-Level Rise for the Coasts of California, Oregon, and Washington: Past, Present, and Future explains that sea level along the U.S. west coast is affected by a number of factors. These include: climate patterns such as the El Niño, effects from the melting of modern and ancient ice sheets, and geologic processes, such as plate tectonics. Regional projections for California, Oregon, and Washington show a sharp distinction at Cape Mendocino in northern California. South of that point, sea-level rise is expected to be very close to global projections. However, projections are lower north of Cape Mendocino because the land is being pushed upward as the ocean plate moves under the continental plate along the Cascadia Subduction Zone. However, an earthquake magnitude 8 or larger, which occurs in the region every few hundred to 1,000 years, would cause the land to drop and sea level to suddenly rise.
Author: Nelson Rangel-Buitrago Publisher: Springer ISBN: 3319158449 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 69
Book Description
This book assists the reader in determining storm risks, focussing on sandy coasts and cliff coasts in the context of expected sea level rise from littoral transformation and climate change. It examines storm impacts through matrixes concerning physical parameters, socio-economic activities, ecological and historic resources, and it presents the Coastline Risk to Storms Index as a single numerical measure of the risk for a given area. The methodology is described and tested against two coastal areas: one in the Caribbean Sea (Cartagena, Colombia) and the other on the coast of the Atlantic Ocean (Cadiz, Spain). Both areas record an important flow of tourists associated with the “sun, sea and sand market” which represents an economic recourse for the hinterland too. Chapters describe this approach and explore three particular types of variables: i) the forcing variables contributing to storm-induced erosion, ii) dynamic variables that determine the resilience to erosion (Susceptibility) and iii) the vulnerable targets grouped in three different contexts (socio-economic, ecological and heritage). These are combined into two separate indices, the Hazard Index (combining forcing and susceptibility) and the Vulnerability Index, which together constitute the Coastline Risk to Storms Index. Maps created using this semi-quantitative approximation method can help to determine the causes, processes and consequences of storm-related processes. This book is therefore important to anyone considering coastal development programs, especially decision-makers: the work presented here can assist in the development of preventative management strategies for the most vulnerable areas.
Author: Nathan R. VanArendonk Publisher: ISBN: Category : Climatic changes Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
Sea level rise (SLR) in the Salish Sea, a large inland waterway shared between Canada and the United States, is expected to be 0.3 to 1.8 m by the year 2100. Uncertainty in greenhouse gas emissions, global ice sheet loss, and other controls such as vertical land movement all contribute to this range. Valuable property, infrastructure, and critical habitats for shellfish and threatened salmon populations are at risk to coastal changes associated with SLR. Additionally, development in Washington State is expected to accelerate through the end of the 21st century adding extra pressure on protecting ecosystems and people from natural hazards along the coast. Global climate models (GCMs) predict increases in temperature and changes in precipitation, yet little is known about the impacts of climate change on the local wave climate. Understanding the dynamic interactions that SLR and climate change will have on the wave climate and coastal systems within the Salish Sea is vital for protecting these resources and planning for the future. In support of the Washington Coastal Resilience Project and the United States Geological Survey Coastal Change Impacts Project, I modeled historic and potential future waves in the Salish Sea to evaluate the extent that wave energy reaching the shore may change with 0.3, 0.6, and 0.91 m of SLR. I also assessed potential changes in future wind conditions that drive wave generation projected by the publicly available MACA (Multivariate Adaptive Constructed Analogs) downscaled NOAA GFDL-ESM2M (Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory Earth Systems Model) GCM. Lastly, I modeled wave runup to assess potential flood and wave impacts along the shore to the year 2100 as part of a case study in support of the City of Tacoma's climate adaptation planning for parks, sensitive habitats and significant commercial development along Ruston Way. his project generated the first regional wave model and historical hindcast within the Salish Sea to define the recurrence frequency of a range of extreme events and resolve their variability alongshore at spatial scales relevant for planning. Existing models of future climate indicate little change in extreme wind speeds, but potential changes in wind direction that could affect waves. Model results indicate that annual extreme deep water waves ( -10 m NAVD88 depth) may increase up to 30 cm under 0.91 m of SLR with the greatest change occurring in shallow embayments and large river deltas where higher water levels will reduce depth limitation and influence fetch. Wave runup modeling along the demonstration site of Ruston Way in Tacoma, showed that extreme coastal water levels reaching and exceeding the Federal Emergency Management Agency 100-yr Base Flood Elevation (BFE) will significantly increase under 0.85 m of SLR, the 50% probabilistic estimate by 2100 for the city of Tacoma. While the dominant exposure of shorelines to flooding is along south-facing coasts, wave runup modeling elucidated that extreme water levels causing flooding are sensitive to waves and wind stress, especially important along north facing shorelines. Equally important is the finding that intermediate disturbances driving flooding will significantly increase in frequency with sea level rise; today's 10-yr recurrence storm event under 0.85 m of SLR was projected to exceed FEMA's 100-yr BFE across more than 50% of locations modeled along Ruston Way, suggesting that FEMA's BFE may be biased low for projected future sea level change. In the Salish Sea, SLR is expected to drive an increase in coastal flooding extent and frequency where waves amplify the impacts of higher static water levels and further elevate the water surface.
Author: Marcel Marchand
Author: Meenu Rani
Author: Madison Elise Heppe
Author: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)
Author: Katelyn MacDonald
Author: Coasts, Oceans, Ports and Rivers Institute (American Society of Civil Engineers)
Author: 
Author: National Research Council
Author: Nelson Rangel-Buitrago
Author: Nathan R. VanArendonk