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Book Description
MODELISATION A DISCRETISATION SPATIALE FAISANT INTERVENIR LES PARAMETRES PHYSIOGRAPHIQUES DES DOMAINES SUPERFICIELS ET SOUTERRAINS. REALISATION D'UN PROGRAMME INFORMATIQUE QUI A RECU LE NOM DE "MODELE COUPLE". PRINCIPES DE CONSTRUCTION DU MODELE. LA METHODOLOGIE PROPOSEE EST MISE EN OEUVRE SUR DEUX BASSINS VERSANTS PRESENTANT DES CARACTERISTIQUES BIEN DISTINCTES
Book Description
MODELISATION A DISCRETISATION SPATIALE FAISANT INTERVENIR LES PARAMETRES PHYSIOGRAPHIQUES DES DOMAINES SUPERFICIELS ET SOUTERRAINS. REALISATION D'UN PROGRAMME INFORMATIQUE QUI A RECU LE NOM DE "MODELE COUPLE". PRINCIPES DE CONSTRUCTION DU MODELE. LA METHODOLOGIE PROPOSEE EST MISE EN OEUVRE SUR DEUX BASSINS VERSANTS PRESENTANT DES CARACTERISTIQUES BIEN DISTINCTES
Author: Yi Pan Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : fr Pages : 0
Book Description
Les interactions entre les processus de surface et de sub-surface sont des composantes clés du cycle hydrologique que les modèles hydrologiques doivent représenter pour obtenir des prédictions cohérentes et précises dans un contexte de gestion durable de la ressource en eau. Les modèles hydrologiques intégrés qui décrivent de façon physique les processus et leurs interactions sont de conception récente. La plupart de ces modèles s'appuient sur l'équation de Richards 3D pour décrire les processus d'écoulement souterrain. Cette approche peut être problématique compte tenu de contraintes importantes sur le maillage et sur la résolution numérique. Ce travail de thèse propose un modèle hydrologique intégré qui s'appuie sur approche innovante à dimension réduite pour simplifier les écoulements de surface et souterrains d'un bassin versant. Les différents compartiments du modèle sont d'abord testés indépendamment puis couplés. Les résultats montrent que l'approche proposée décrit précisément les processus hydrologiques considérés tout en améliorant de façon significative l'efficacité générale du modèle.
Author: Nicolas Flipo Publisher: Springer Nature ISBN: 3030542602 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 430
Book Description
This open access book reviews the water-agro-food and socio-eco-system of the Seine River basin (76,000 km2), and offers a historical perspective on the river’s long-term contamination. The Seine basin is inhabited by circa 17 million people and is impacted by intensive agricultural practices and industrial activities. These pressures have gradually affected its hydrological, chemical and ecological functioning, leading to a maximum chemical degradation between the 1960s and the 1990s. Over the last three decades, while major water-quality improvements have been observed, new issues (e.g. endocrine disruptors, microplastics) have also emerged. The state of the Seine River network, from the headwaters to estuary, is increasingly controlled by the balance between pressures and social responses. This socio-ecosystem provides a unique example of the functioning of a territory under heavy anthropogenic pressure during the Anthropocene era. The achievements made were possible due to the long-term PIREN Seine research program, established in 1989 and today part of the French socio-ecological research network “Zones Ateliers”, itself part of the international Long-term Socio-economic and Ecological Research Network (LTSER). Written by experts in the field, the book provides an introduction to the water budget and the territorial metabolism of the Seine basin, and studies the trajectories and impact of various pollutants in the Seine River. It offers insights into the ecological functioning, the integration of agricultural practices, the analysis of aquatic organic matter, and the evolution of fish assemblages in the Seine basin, and also presents research perspectives and approaches to improve the water quality of the Seine River. Given its scope, it will appeal to environmental managers, scientists and policymakers interested in the long-term contamination of the Seine River.
Author: J.J. Groot Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 9401134340 Category : Nature Languages : en Pages : 244
Book Description
In the Netherlands the Institute for Soil Fertility Research plays a major role in soil biological, soil physical and plant nutritional research on the availability of nitrogen to crops. Main subjects of research are nitrogen turnover in the crop-soil ecosystem through biological transformations, nitrogen transport through the soil and nitrogen losses by leaching, denitrification and volatilization, and nitrogen use efficiency of various crops and cropping systems. The current knowledge in the different fields of research is integrated in simulation models. Simulation models not only make it possible to summarize and structure knowledge, but also, after verification, to extra- late the knowledge to situations different from the situations that have actually been studied. Such research is also carried out in other European and non-European countries. To compare the various simulation models currently in use, a workshop was organized by the Institute for Soil Fertility Research on 5-6 June 1990 on the occasion of its centennial. The title of the workshop was 'Nitrogen turnover in the soil-crop ::cosystem: modelling of biological transformations, transport of nitrogen and nitrogen use efficiency'. The 40 Jarticipants, who came from Canada and various European countries, were requested to run their model with data Jrovided by the Institute prior to the workshop. Data from 18 cases were made available to the participants: three ocations, three treatments, and two seasons.
Author: Simon Munier Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : fr Pages : 203
Book Description
en français : Pour la gestion en temps réel des étiages comme pour celle des crues, l'une des principales missions des gestionnaires de bassin consiste à prévenir les situations de crise, généralement définies par des franchissements de débits seuils en différents points stratégiques, afin d'en limiter les dégâts, tant économiques et écologiques que matériels et humains. La thèse propose une méthodologie de synthèse et d'identification d'un modèle de simulation des débits, intégrant les phénomènes de transferts hydrauliques (propagation en cours d'eau) et hydrologiques (transformation de la pluie en débit), ainsi que les transferts relatifs aux prélèvements dans le cas des étiages. Le modèle proposé, construit dans le souci constant des contraintes de l'opérationnel telles que la robustesse face aux aléas du terrain, l'assimilation des données en temps réel ou la commande automatique des vannes de barrage, présente un module hydraulique à base physique simplifiée couplé, selon une approche semi-distribuée, à un module hydrologique global conceptuel. Cette démarche permet la prise en compte de débits latéraux non jaugés dans le transfert en cours d'eau. L'approche est validée à travers des exemples théoriques et divers cas d'application réels : transfert en rivière soumis à l'influence de la marée, synthèse d'un contrôleur boucle ouverte sur un canal d'irrigation, simulation de débits à l'exutoire de divers bassins versants français, prévision des crues, synthèse d'observateurs d'états pour la reconstitution de prélèvements.
Author: Antonio Pulido-Bosch Publisher: Springer Nature ISBN: 3030553701 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 379
Book Description
This book reviews the hydrogeology of karst systems, starting with the classifications from the applied point of view, and then the hydraulic parameters (porosity, permeability, and transmissivity). It also addresses the karstification process, its resulting forms, and their hydrogeological significance. Besides, the author describes possible models of karstic aquifers and their characterization. The book also explains the classical methods for analyzing hydrograms of karst springs and deepens the analysis of time series, as a preliminary phase to the mathematical simulation of karst aquifers. Finally, it introduces the hydrogeochemical characterization of karst, of the processes involved as well as the possible pollution and protection of karst aquifers. This book is intended to be of interest for professionals in hydrogeology as well as graduate and undergraduate students.
Author: Thomas J. Schmugge Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 1461230322 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 422
Book Description
General circulation model (GCM) experiments in the late 1970's indicated that the climate is sensitive to variations in evaporation at the land surface. Thus, in the context of climate modeling, it became important to develop techniques which would realistically estimate the evaporation flux on land. Land Surface Evaporation: Measurement and Parameterization discusses strategies for the use of experimental data in developing and testing parameterization schemes of the evaporation flux in GCM's. The book reviews state-of-the-art techniques, such as remote sensing, which measure evaporation fluxes over continental surfaces. It evaluates their relevance with respect to the various spatial and temporal scales of interest. This book will provide researchers in climatology, meteorology, hydrology and water management, and remote sensing with a thorough overview of current research in land surface evaporation. It will also give young scientists insight into surface processes.
Author: Emmanuel Ledoux
Author: Emmanuel Ledoux
Author: Yi Pan
Author: Emmanuel Ledoux
Author: Meenakshi Arora
Author: Nicolas Flipo
Author: J.J. Groot
Author: Ioulia Tchiguirinskaia
Author: Simon Munier
Author: Antonio Pulido-Bosch
Author: Thomas J. Schmugge