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Author: Thomas Moncion Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : fr Pages :
Book Description
Les systèmes multi-agents sont caractérisés par le travail coopératif d'un ensemble d'agents autonomes, fonctionnant de manière décentralisée en vue de la réalisation d'un objectif global. Au sein de ces systèmes se produisent des phénomènes dits d'émergence, ou d'auto-organisation, par lesquels des structures ou des organisations particulières peuvent apparaître au niveau collectif qui n'étaient pas décrites de manière explicite au niveau individuel. Ainsi des fourmis qui s'organisent en files d'individus sans qu'aucune n'ait de représentation correspondant à la notion de "file". De par leurs interactions au niveau local, les agents produisent et maintiennent dynamiquement des structures au niveau global qui contraignent en retour l'activité de chacun des individus. Ces phénomènes sont fondamentaux dans l'étude des systèmes biologiques complexes mais sont pourtant très difficiles à formaliser car liés généralement à une interprétation en partie subjective d'un observateur extérieur au système. Le sujet proposé vise à aborder le problème du passage d'un niveau d'abstraction à un autre, ainsi que l'interaction, au sein d'un système, entre agents de différents niveaux, en combinant plusieurs approches complémentaires: une première approche concerne l'étude de formalismes adaptés à la représentation de phénomènes émergents. Cela passe notamment par la prise en compte de relations entre entités de différents niveaux d'abstraction, et par la prise en compte de comportements qui s'expriment différemment en fonction du niveau d'abstraction auquel l'entité est considérée. une deuxième approche qui s'appuiera sur la précédente concerne la détection automatique de phénomènes émergents. Pour ce faire, il sera nécessaire de développer des mécanismes permettant aux entités qui participent au système de détecter l'apparition de structures particulières (spatiales et/ou temporelles, statiques ou dynamiques) et de caractériser le passage d'un niveau d'abstraction donné au niveau supérieur. du fait de la très grande difficulté d'aborder le problème précédent dans toute sa généralité, nous prévoyons de développer une approche semi-interactive dans laquelle un observateur humain pourra avoir un rôle pour orienter le système vers la détection de structures particulières et leur caractérisation d'une manière particulière. Outre l'aide apportée au système, il s'agit d'orienter ce dernier vers la prise en compte d'abstractions a priori utiles et intéressantes. Cela passe notamment par la conception de modalités de visualisation et d'interaction adaptées à ce problème. ces différentes problématiques seront étudiées dans le cadre de plusieurs problèmes de simulation multi-agent pour la biologie.
Author: Thomas Moncion Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : fr Pages :
Book Description
Les systèmes multi-agents sont caractérisés par le travail coopératif d'un ensemble d'agents autonomes, fonctionnant de manière décentralisée en vue de la réalisation d'un objectif global. Au sein de ces systèmes se produisent des phénomènes dits d'émergence, ou d'auto-organisation, par lesquels des structures ou des organisations particulières peuvent apparaître au niveau collectif qui n'étaient pas décrites de manière explicite au niveau individuel. Ainsi des fourmis qui s'organisent en files d'individus sans qu'aucune n'ait de représentation correspondant à la notion de "file". De par leurs interactions au niveau local, les agents produisent et maintiennent dynamiquement des structures au niveau global qui contraignent en retour l'activité de chacun des individus. Ces phénomènes sont fondamentaux dans l'étude des systèmes biologiques complexes mais sont pourtant très difficiles à formaliser car liés généralement à une interprétation en partie subjective d'un observateur extérieur au système. Le sujet proposé vise à aborder le problème du passage d'un niveau d'abstraction à un autre, ainsi que l'interaction, au sein d'un système, entre agents de différents niveaux, en combinant plusieurs approches complémentaires: une première approche concerne l'étude de formalismes adaptés à la représentation de phénomènes émergents. Cela passe notamment par la prise en compte de relations entre entités de différents niveaux d'abstraction, et par la prise en compte de comportements qui s'expriment différemment en fonction du niveau d'abstraction auquel l'entité est considérée. une deuxième approche qui s'appuiera sur la précédente concerne la détection automatique de phénomènes émergents. Pour ce faire, il sera nécessaire de développer des mécanismes permettant aux entités qui participent au système de détecter l'apparition de structures particulières (spatiales et/ou temporelles, statiques ou dynamiques) et de caractériser le passage d'un niveau d'abstraction donné au niveau supérieur. du fait de la très grande difficulté d'aborder le problème précédent dans toute sa généralité, nous prévoyons de développer une approche semi-interactive dans laquelle un observateur humain pourra avoir un rôle pour orienter le système vers la détection de structures particulières et leur caractérisation d'une manière particulière. Outre l'aide apportée au système, il s'agit d'orienter ce dernier vers la prise en compte d'abstractions a priori utiles et intéressantes. Cela passe notamment par la conception de modalités de visualisation et d'interaction adaptées à ce problème. ces différentes problématiques seront étudiées dans le cadre de plusieurs problèmes de simulation multi-agent pour la biologie.
Author: Jean-Claude André Publisher: John Wiley & Sons ISBN: 1786302322 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 480
Book Description
With a turnover of some 5-15 billion € / year, the additive manufacturing has industrial niches bearers thanks to processes and materials more and more optimized. While some niches still exist on the application of additive techniques in traditional fields (from jewelery to food for example), several trends emerge, using new concepts: collective production, realization of objects at once (without addition Of material), micro-fluidic, 4D printing exploiting programmable materials and materials, bio-printing, etc. There are both opportunities for new markets, promises not envisaged less than 10 years ago, but difficulties in reaching them.
Author: Patrice Langlois Publisher: John Wiley & Sons ISBN: 1118600991 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 353
Book Description
This book provides a comprehensive view of the field of geographical modeling by dividing the topic into three parts. The first part of the work establishes the foundations of geographical modeling through the use of more general concepts, including: structure, organization, system, geometries, topologies, metrics, material, and object. Finally, introduction of the concept of time leads to the theories of process and spatial interaction, which are fundamental in geography. The second part of the book tackles the use of computer tools for dynamic model building, which are the geographic cellular automata (GCA), and presents several models applied to various themes, such as urban growth, natural risks by flood simulations, as well as more political themes, such as the use of European funds, or the development of voting patterns in France. Finally, a general model of the geographic agents system (GAS) which can be used as a basis for the construction of a model-building platform for dynamic spatial models is presented.
Author: Alain Pavé Publisher: John Wiley & Sons ISBN: 1118569695 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 501
Book Description
Modeling is now one of the most efficient methodologies in life sciences. From practice to theory, this book develops this approach illustrated by many examples; general concepts and the current state of the art are also presented and discussed. An historical and general introduction informs the reader how mathematics and formal tools are used to solve biological problems at all levels of the organization of life. The core of this book explains how this is done, based on practical examples coming, for the most part, from the author’s personal experience. In most cases, data are included so that the reader can follow the reasoning process and even reproduce calculus. The final chapter is devoted to essential concepts and current developments. The main mathematical tools are presented in an appendix to the book and are written in an adapted language readable by scientists, professionals or students, with a basic knowledge of mathematics.
Author: Adelinde M. Uhrmacher Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 1351834673 Category : Computers Languages : en Pages : 632
Book Description
Methodological Guidelines for Modeling and Developing MAS-Based Simulations The intersection of agents, modeling, simulation, and application domains has been the subject of active research for over two decades. Although agents and simulation have been used effectively in a variety of application domains, much of the supporting research remains scattered in the literature, too often leaving scientists to develop multi-agent system (MAS) models and simulations from scratch. Multi-Agent Systems: Simulation and Applications provides an overdue review of the wide ranging facets of MAS simulation, including methodological and application-oriented guidelines. This comprehensive resource reviews two decades of research in the intersection of MAS, simulation, and different application domains. It provides scientists and developers with disciplined engineering approaches to modeling and developing MAS-based simulations. After providing an overview of the field’s history and its basic principles, as well as cataloging the various simulation engines for MAS, the book devotes three sections to current and emerging approaches and applications. Simulation for MAS — explains simulation support for agent decision making, the use of simulation for the design of self-organizing systems, the role of software architecture in simulating MAS, and the use of simulation for studying learning and stigmergic interaction. MAS for Simulation — discusses an agent-based framework for symbiotic simulation, the use of country databases and expert systems for agent-based modeling of social systems, crowd-behavior modeling, agent-based modeling and simulation of adult stem cells, and agents for traffic simulation. Tools — presents a number of representative platforms and tools for MAS and simulation, including Jason, James II, SeSAm, and RoboCup Rescue. Complete with over 200 figures and formulas, this reference book provides the necessary overview of experiences with MAS simulation and the tools needed to exploit simulation in MAS for future research in a vast array of applications including home security, computational systems biology, and traffic management.
Author: Yves Guermond Publisher: John Wiley & Sons ISBN: 111862257X Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 409
Book Description
This title focuses on the evolution of the modeling process and on new research perspectives in theoretical and applied geography, as well as spatial planning. In the last 50 years, the achievements of spatial analysis models opened the way to a new understanding of the relationship between society and geographical space. In this book, these models are confronted by the real conditions of territorial prospect, regional dynamism, cultural policy, HMO, and spatial segregation. This confrontation takes into account the instability of social behavior and the permanence of partial determinist trajectories.
Author: Robert Siegfried Publisher: Springer ISBN: 3658075295 Category : Computers Languages : en Pages : 233
Book Description
Robert Siegfried presents a framework for efficient agent-based modeling and simulation of complex systems. He compares different approaches for describing structure and dynamics of agent-based models in detail. Based on this evaluation the author introduces the “General Reference Model for Agent-based Modeling and Simulation” (GRAMS). Furthermore he presents parallel and distributed simulation approaches for execution of agent-based models –from small scale to very large scale. The author shows how agent-based models may be executed by different simulation engines that utilize underlying hardware resources in an optimized fashion.
Author: Bruce Edmonds Publisher: Springer ISBN: 3540938133 Category : Computers Languages : en Pages : 745
Book Description
Social systems are among the most complex known. This poses particular problems for those who wish to understand them. The complexity often makes analytic approaches infeasible and natural language approaches inadequate for relating intricate cause and effect. However, individual- and agent-based computational approaches hold out the possibility of new and deeper understanding of such systems. Simulating Social Complexity examines all aspects of using agent- or individual-based simulation. This approach represents systems as individual elements having each their own set of differing states and internal processes. The interactions between elements in the simulation represent interactions in the target systems. What makes these elements "social" is that they are usefully interpretable as interacting elements of an observed society. In this, the focus is on human society, but can be extended to include social animals or artificial agents where such work enhances our understanding of human society. The phenomena of interest then result (emerge) from the dynamics of the interaction of social actors in an essential way and are usually not easily simplifiable by, for example, considering only representative actors. The introduction of accessible agent-based modelling allows the representation of social complexity in a more natural and direct manner than previous techniques. In particular, it is no longer necessary to distort a model with the introduction of overly strong assumptions simply in order to obtain analytic tractability. This makes agent-based modelling relatively accessible to a range of scientists. The outcomes of such models can be displayed and animated in ways that also make them more interpretable by experts and stakeholders. This handbook is intended to help in the process of maturation of this new field. It brings together, through the collaborative effort of many leading researchers, summaries of the best thinking and practice in this area and constitutes a reference point for standards against which future methodological advances are judged. This book will help those entering into the field to avoid "reinventing the wheel" each time, but it will also help those already in the field by providing accessible overviews of current thought. The material is divided into four sections: Introductory, Methodology, Mechanisms, and Applications. Each chapter starts with a very brief section called ‘Why read this chapter?’ followed by an abstract, which summarizes the content of the chapter. Each chapter also ends with a section of ‘Further Reading’ briefly describing three to eight items that a newcomer might read next.
Author: Arnaud Banos Publisher: Elsevier ISBN: 008100723X Category : Computers Languages : en Pages : 280
Book Description
Agent-based modeling is a flexible and intuitive approach that is close to both data and theories, which gives it a special position in the majority of scientific communities. Agent models are as much tools of understanding, exploration and adaptation as they are media for interdisciplinary exchange. It is in this kind of framework that this book is situated, beginning with agent-based modeling of spatialized phenomena with a methodological and practical orientation. Through a governing example, taking inspiration from a real problem in epidemiology, this book proposes, with pedagogy and economy, a guide to good practices of agent modeling. The reader will thus be able to understand and put the modeling into practice and acquire a certain amount of autonomy. - Featuring the following well-known techniques and tools: Modeling, such as UML, Simulation, such as the NetLogo platform, Exploration methods, Adaptation using participative simulation
Author: Thomas Moncion
Author: Thomas Moncion
Author: François Bousquet
Author: Jean-Claude André
Author: Patrice Langlois
Author: Alain Pavé
Author: Adelinde M. Uhrmacher
Author: Yves Guermond
Author: Robert Siegfried
Author: Bruce Edmonds
Author: Arnaud Banos