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Author: Christopher L. Goodman Publisher: ISBN: Category : Heat exchangers Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
Concern with global climate change has led to the interest in the use of natural refrigerants, such as carbon dioxide, as replacements in heat pump systems. When operating in a transcritical cycle, carbon dioxide heat pumps are well suited for use in high temperature water heating heat pumps. In this work, four systems are analyzed: with and without the use of a suction line heat exchanger, and two water heating schemes. These two schemes involve the heating of water to its desired temperature at a low water flow rate in a single pass through the heat pump, and the heating of water at a high water flow rate, but requiring multiple passes. The performance and resulting heat exchanger size of these four systems is analyzed through the development of an overall system model. This system model uses component-level models that were developed based upon heat exchanger geometry and subsequently validated through experimental testing on a test facility developed for this purpose.
Author: Christopher L. Goodman Publisher: ISBN: Category : Heat exchangers Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
Concern with global climate change has led to the interest in the use of natural refrigerants, such as carbon dioxide, as replacements in heat pump systems. When operating in a transcritical cycle, carbon dioxide heat pumps are well suited for use in high temperature water heating heat pumps. In this work, four systems are analyzed: with and without the use of a suction line heat exchanger, and two water heating schemes. These two schemes involve the heating of water to its desired temperature at a low water flow rate in a single pass through the heat pump, and the heating of water at a high water flow rate, but requiring multiple passes. The performance and resulting heat exchanger size of these four systems is analyzed through the development of an overall system model. This system model uses component-level models that were developed based upon heat exchanger geometry and subsequently validated through experimental testing on a test facility developed for this purpose.
Author: Young Park Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
Adoption of heat pump water heating technology for commercial hot water could save up to 0.4 quads of energy and 5 million metric tons of CO2 production annually in North America, but industry perception is that this technology does not offer adequate performance or reliability and comes at too high of a cost. Development and demonstration of a CO2 heat pump water heater is proposed to reduce these barriers to adoption. Three major themes are addressed: market analysis to understand barriers to adoption, use of advanced reliability models to design optimum qualification test plans, and field testing of two phases of water heater prototypes. Market experts claim that beyond good performance, market adoption requires 'drop and forget' system reliability and a six month payback of first costs. Performance, reliability and cost targets are determined and reliability models are developed to evaluate the minimum testing required to meet reliability targets. Three phase 1 prototypes are designed and installed in the field. Based on results from these trials a product specification is developed and a second phase of five field trial units are built and installed. These eight units accumulate 11 unit-years of service including 15,650 hours and 25,242 cycles of compressor operation. Performance targets can be met. An availability of 60% is achieved and the capability to achieve>90% is demonstrated, but overall reliability is below target, with an average of 3.6 failures/unit-year on the phase 2 demonstration. Most reliability issues are shown to be common to new HVAC products, giving high confidence in mature product reliability, but the need for further work to minimize leaks and ensure reliability of the electronic expansion valve is clear. First cost is projected to be above target, leading to an expectation of 8-24 month payback when substituted for an electric water heater. Despite not meeting all targets, arguments are made that an industry leader could sufficiently develop this technology to impact the water heater market in the near term.
Author: L.D. Danny Harvey Publisher: Routledge ISBN: 1136573038 Category : Architecture Languages : en Pages : 716
Book Description
Winner of Choice Magazine - Outstanding Academic Titles for 2007 Buildings account for over one third of global energy use and associated greenhouse gas emissions worldwide. Reducing energy use by buildings is therefore an essential part of any strategy to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and thereby lessen the likelihood of potentially catastrophic climate change. Bringing together a wealth of hard-to-obtain information on energy use and energy efficiency in buildings at a level which can be easily digested and applied, Danny Harvey offers a comprehensive, objective and critical sourcebook on low-energy buildings. Topics covered include: thermal envelopes, heating, cooling, heat pumps, HVAC systems, hot water, lighting, solar energy, appliances and office equipment, embodied energy, buildings as systems and community-integrated energy systems (cogeneration, district heating, and district cooling). The book includes exemplary buildings and techniques from North America, Europe and Asia, and combines a broad, holistic perspective with technical detail in an accessible and insightful manner.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Power resources Languages : en Pages : 1032
Book Description
Semiannual, with semiannual and annual indexes. References to all scientific and technical literature coming from DOE, its laboratories, energy centers, and contractors. Includes all works deriving from DOE, other related government-sponsored information, and foreign nonnuclear information. Arranged under 39 categories, e.g., Biomedical sciences, basic studies; Biomedical sciences, applied studies; Health and safety; and Fusion energy. Entry gives bibliographical information and abstract. Corporate, author, subject, report number indexes.
Author: Ibrahim Dincer Publisher: Elsevier ISBN: 0128149256 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 5543
Book Description
Comprehensive Energy Systems, Seven Volume Set provides a unified source of information covering the entire spectrum of energy, one of the most significant issues humanity has to face. This comprehensive book describes traditional and novel energy systems, from single generation to multi-generation, also covering theory and applications. In addition, it also presents high-level coverage on energy policies, strategies, environmental impacts and sustainable development. No other published work covers such breadth of topics in similar depth. High-level sections include Energy Fundamentals, Energy Materials, Energy Production, Energy Conversion, and Energy Management. Offers the most comprehensive resource available on the topic of energy systems Presents an authoritative resource authored and edited by leading experts in the field Consolidates information currently scattered in publications from different research fields (engineering as well as physics, chemistry, environmental sciences and economics), thus ensuring a common standard and language
Author: Bo Li Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
This thesis evaluates domestic water heating systems in conjunction with energy saving technologies such as solar water heating, drain water heat recovery, and heat pump water heating. Five dynamic models are developed using Matlab Simulink® with a time-step of one minute. Using minute resolution hot water flow, hourly solar radiation data and ambient temperature, the performance of various configurations are assessed when operating in Victoria, Kamloops, and Williams Lake, B.C. Twelve different demand profiles on a summer day and winter day are simulated. Some specific metrics, such as conventional energy consumption, system energy factor, and equivalent CO2 emissions are used as the basis of evaluating the system efficiency. Results indicate the potential improvements in system performance over a conventional domestic water heating system in lower conventional energy consumption and lower CO2 emissions when applying any one of the three energy saving technologies mentioned above. For example, on a representative summer day (Day 228) in Victoria with a load profile of a low-use two-person family on a weekday, the system's energy factor can be improved from 0.50 to up to2.84, and the corresponding conventional energy consumption and the CO2 emissions decrease from 9.86 kwh to 1.67 kwh, and 1.77 kg/day to 0.06 kg/day, respectively depending on which energy saving technology is applied. The modeling tool developed in this research can be used to guide the design of domestic water heating systems with various system configurations.
Author: Fabio Polonara Publisher: MDPI ISBN: 3039438239 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 180
Book Description
Refrigeration, air conditioning, and heat pumps (RACHP) have an important impact on the final energy uses of many sectors of modern society, such as residential, commercial, industrial, transport, and automotive. Moreover, RACHP also have an important environmental impact due to the working fluids that deplete the stratospheric ozone layer, which are being phased out according to the Montreal Protocol (1989). Last, but not least, high global working potential (GWP), working fluids (directly), and energy consumption (indirectly) are responsible for a non-negligible quota of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the atmosphere, thus impacting climate change.
Author: Christopher L. Goodman
Author: Christopher L. Goodman
Author: K. H. Zimmerman
Author: Young Park
Author: L.D. Danny Harvey
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Author: 
Author: Ibrahim Dincer
Author: Bo Li
Author: Fabio Polonara
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