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Author: Susan J. Foss Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
An axon is a long, thin projection away from a neuron. Axonal transport, a crucial process for the survival of a neuron, is the transport of various organelles and proteins along microtubules, which act as an intracellular highway. Disruptions of axonal transport is associated with many neurodegenerative disorders such as motor neuron diseases (including ALS), Alzheimer's disease, and Huntington's disease. In these diseases, we frequently observe local accumulations of cargoes, which resemble highway traffic jams with pileups of cars. It has been hypothesized that these diseases result from "intracellular traffic jams" caused by the interactions of cargoes. In this thesis, we test this hypothesis using a stochastic model that describes cargoes as interacting particles that switch between different moving and pausing states. Specifically, we apply this model to the transport of neurofilaments. Our results suggest that, although the model can generate traffic jams under certain parameter regimes, these jams may be fundamentally different from those observed in diseases. Another conclusion of this model is that low processivity of the molecular motors that transport neurofilaments help avoid intracellular jams. This explains the evolutionary question, "why is the system is designed this way?".
Author: Susan J. Foss Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
An axon is a long, thin projection away from a neuron. Axonal transport, a crucial process for the survival of a neuron, is the transport of various organelles and proteins along microtubules, which act as an intracellular highway. Disruptions of axonal transport is associated with many neurodegenerative disorders such as motor neuron diseases (including ALS), Alzheimer's disease, and Huntington's disease. In these diseases, we frequently observe local accumulations of cargoes, which resemble highway traffic jams with pileups of cars. It has been hypothesized that these diseases result from "intracellular traffic jams" caused by the interactions of cargoes. In this thesis, we test this hypothesis using a stochastic model that describes cargoes as interacting particles that switch between different moving and pausing states. Specifically, we apply this model to the transport of neurofilaments. Our results suggest that, although the model can generate traffic jams under certain parameter regimes, these jams may be fundamentally different from those observed in diseases. Another conclusion of this model is that low processivity of the molecular motors that transport neurofilaments help avoid intracellular jams. This explains the evolutionary question, "why is the system is designed this way?".
Author: David B. Teplow Publisher: Academic Press ISBN: 0123858836 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 499
Book Description
Neurodegenerative diseases result in progressive degeneration and / or death of nerve cells which leads to problems with movement and mental functioning. Examples include Parkinson's, Alzheimer's and Huntington's disease. Much research is taking place to try to identify ways to prevent or lessen the impact of these diseases. This volume reviews the latest research and developments in the molecular biology of neurodegenerative diseases. Contributions from leading authorities Informs and updates on all the latest developments in the field
Author: Larry R. Squire Publisher: Academic Press ISBN: 0080963935 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 12505
Book Description
The Encyclopedia of the Neuroscience explores all areas of the discipline in its focused entries on a wide variety of topics in neurology, neurosurgery, psychiatry and other related areas of neuroscience. Each article is written by an expert in that specific domain and peer reviewed by the advisory board before acceptance into the encyclopedia. Each article contains a glossary, introduction, a reference section, and cross-references to other related encyclopedia articles. Written at a level suitable for university undergraduates, the breadth and depth of coverage will appeal beyond undergraduates to professionals and academics in related fields.
Author: Eduardo E. Benarroch MD Publisher: Oxford University Press ISBN: 0190948914 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 608
Book Description
Neuroscience for Clinicians is a comprehensive and clinically relevant survey of emerging concepts on the organization and function of the nervous system and neurologic disease mechanisms. By emphasizing how genetic, molecular, and cellular processes and their interactions control the function of the nervous system, the work will help clinicians understand emerging concepts about the mechanisms of neurologic disorders including neurodegeneration, channelopathies, and synaptic dysfunction that provide potential therapeutic targets . This single-authored textbook utilizes ample figures and tables throughout in order to facilitate retention of the core concepts presented. Divided into 5 sections, the first section includes chapters focused on basic cellular processes. Section 2 includes chapters focused on cell communication while Section 3 focuses on the neuronal microenvironment. The fourth section focuses on the organization and interactions of circuits in the cortex, thalamus, and brainstem, underlying behavioral states such as sleep, sensory processing, and motor control. The fifth section addresses mechanisms of pain and neural control of survival. And the final section covers concepts on mechanisms of emotion, social behavior, memory, language, and executive functions with emphasis on dementia and behavioral disorders.
Author: Uday Kishore Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand ISBN: 9535110888 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 642
Book Description
This book highlights the pathophysiological complexities of the mechanisms and factors that are likely to be involved in a range of neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease, other Dementia, Parkinson Diseases and Multiple Sclerosis. The spectrum of diverse factors involved in neurodegeneration, such as protein aggregation, oxidative stress, caspases and secretase, regulators, cholesterol, zinc, microglia, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, etc, have been discussed in the context of disease progression. In addition, novel approaches to therapeutic interventions have also been presented. It is hoped that students, scientists and clinicians shall find this very informative book immensely useful and thought-provoking.
Author: Publisher: Elsevier ISBN: 0444638504 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 316
Book Description
The Neurology of HIV Infection covers all aspects of nervous system involvement and pathology in HIV-infected individuals. Specialists in this field cover epidemiology, global aspects, pathology and pathogenesis of nervous system disease in HIV-infection. All complications, including the pathology caused by HIV itself and all opportunistic infections of the nervous system are reviewed in detail. Both central nervous and peripheral nervous system complications, including neuropathies and myopathies, are discussed. Key chapters on global developments, HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders, IRIS, stroke and neuro-aids in children complete this volume. Covers all aspects of nervous system involvement and pathology in HIV-infected individuals Includes the pathology caused by HIV and all opportunistic infections of the nervous system Presents key chapters that focus on global developments, HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders, IRIS, stroke and neuro-aids in children
Author: Edward Koenig Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 364203019X Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 369
Book Description
Recent years have witnessed striking advances in research on axons at a cellular level that substantially impact our current understanding of axonal biology. Newer findings and their ramifications are critically reviewed in the 16 chapters of this volume by authors highly qualified by virtue of their scientific contributions to research areas they know and write about. Five basic areas (I to V) germane to axonal biology are highlighted, beginning with (I) signaling interactions mediating myelination, and differentiation of axonal membrane domains; (IIa) issues surrounding organization and transport dynamics of neurofilaments in axons, (IIb) mechanisms regulating microtubule organization and dynamics, misregulation of which causes axonal degeneration, and (IIc) the roles actin binding proteins play in regulating organization and functions of the actin filament system in mature and growing axons; (IIIa) myosin motor proteins and cargoes intrinsic to the axon compartment, (IIIb) mitochondrial transport motors, and imperatives governing transport dynamics and directional delivery, (IIIc) mechanisms mediating retrograde signaling associated with NGF’s role in trophic-dependent neuronal survival, and (IIId) potential for impaired subcellular targeting of a -synuclein as a mechanism for accumulation of Lewy body inclusions in synucleinopathies; (IVa) occurrence and organization of discrete ribosome-containing domains in axons, (IVb) endogenous mRNAs, classes of proteins translated locally, and RNP trafficking in axons, (IVc) importance of locally synthesized nuclear encoded mitochondrial proteins for maintenance, function and survival of axons, (IVd) occurrence of RNA trafficking from glial cells to axons, and significance glial RNA transcripts may play in expression in axons and axon terminals, (IVe) RNA trafficking and localization of RNA transcripts in axonal growth cones, and signaling pathways that modulate local protein synthesis for directional elongation, and (IVf) genetic and molecular defects underlying spinal muscular atrophy, and roles that SMN gene product plays as a molecular chaperone in mRNA transport and translation; (Va) injury-induced local synthesis of a protein forming a retrograde signaling complex in axons to stimulate regeneration, and (Vb) endogenous and exogenous factors that condition axonal regenerative capacity in PNS and CNS, including injury-induced activation of specific genes governing regeneration. Emergent complexities revealed in this volume compel a major revision in the traditional conceptual model of the axon’s intrinsic makeup and capacities.
Author: Susan J. Foss
Author: Susan J. Foss
Author: David B. Teplow
Author: Society for Neuroscience. Meeting
Author: Larry R. Squire
Author: Eduardo E. Benarroch MD
Author: Uday Kishore
Author: 
Author: 
Author: 
Author: Edward Koenig