Modeling Spawning Habitat Potential for Chum (Oncorhynchus Keta) and Pink Salmon (O. Gorbuscha) in Relation to Landscape Characteristics in Coastal Southeast Alaska PDF Download
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Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Chum salmon Languages : en Pages : 93
Book Description
In response to the increasing need for ecosystem services throughout the Southeast Alaska region, decision makers are tasked with balancing the need for natural resources with salmon conservation. However, accurate historical and current information on salmonid population abundance, freshwater distribution, and habitat quality are sparse with limited resolution for large portions of this remote and rugged landscape. Here, I created Intrinsic Potential (IP) models for chum and pink salmon to predict the potential for portions of coastal rivers to provide high-quality spawning habitat. I developed IP models for both species from field redd surveys and synthetic habitat variables derived from 1-m resolution digital elevation models. The surveys were performed at 49 study reaches in five coastal drainage basins on the north end of Chichagof Island, Southeast Alaska.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Chum salmon Languages : en Pages : 93
Book Description
In response to the increasing need for ecosystem services throughout the Southeast Alaska region, decision makers are tasked with balancing the need for natural resources with salmon conservation. However, accurate historical and current information on salmonid population abundance, freshwater distribution, and habitat quality are sparse with limited resolution for large portions of this remote and rugged landscape. Here, I created Intrinsic Potential (IP) models for chum and pink salmon to predict the potential for portions of coastal rivers to provide high-quality spawning habitat. I developed IP models for both species from field redd surveys and synthetic habitat variables derived from 1-m resolution digital elevation models. The surveys were performed at 49 study reaches in five coastal drainage basins on the north end of Chichagof Island, Southeast Alaska.
Author: John Patrick O'Brien Publisher: ISBN: Category : Chum salmon Languages : en Pages : 144
Book Description
"Diminishing returns of salmon and years of poor commercial and subsistence fishing in western Alaska are a cause for concern. Management tools which recognize the intricate life histories of salmon and incorporate environmental conditions at each particular life stage are needed. Toward that goal a study of spawning habitat for chum salmon Oncorhynchus keta was conducted from 2002 to 2005 on the Tuluksak River in western Alaska. Small-scale river features were measured during two summers of field work. Large-scale river features were identified using remote sensing. Principal components analysis (PCA) denoted an association between spawning sites and channel intersections, gravel bars, islands, and areas of accelerated channel change, forming the basis for a predictive habitat model. Two models were developed that combined them habitat assessment with chum salmon redd size and spatial requirements at three spawning densities. The first model, based on field observations in 2002 and 2003, estimated a greater spawning capacity than the second model, based on large-scale river features. Spawning capacity estimates from both models were consistent with historic escapement data and should be used as a starting point for further research. This study represents progress toward a management strategy that is sensitive to habitat-dependent production potential"--Leaf iii.
Author: Chelsea M. Clawson Publisher: ISBN: Category : Chum salmon Languages : en Pages : 214
Book Description
Groundwater upwellings provide stable temperatures for overwinter salmon embryo development and this process may be particularly important in cold, braided, gravel-bed Arctic rivers where rivers may freeze solid in the absence of upwellings. Aerial counts and remote sensing were used during 2013-2015 to estimate fall chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) spawner abundance states (e.g., low or high), classify river segments by geomorphic channel type (primary, flood, and spring), and map thermal variability along a 25.4 km stretch of the Chandalar River in interior Alaska. Additionally, I used on-the-ground examination of fine scale variation in physical habitat characteristics at 11 representative sites to characterize habitat variability, placed temperature loggers to assess overwinter thermal conditions in redds, and used a developmental model to predict hatching and emergence timing given known spawning dates and incubation temperatures. I delineated 330 unique river segments (mean length = 536 m) and used a multi-season multistate occupancy model to estimate detectability, occupancy, and local colonization and extinction rates. Triplicate surveys performed in 2014 allowed me to estimate detectability and the influence of observer bias. I found that detectability did not vary by observer, channel type, or segment length, but was better for high abundance (0.717 ± 0.06 SE) relative to low abundance (0.367 ± 0.07 SE) aggregations. After correcting for imperfect detection, the proportion of segments occupied by spawning fall chum salmon was highest in 2014 (0.41 ± 0.04 SE), relative to 2013 (0.23 ± 0.04) and 2015 (0.23 ± 0.04). Transition probabilities indicated unoccupied segments were likely to remain so from year to year (2013→2014 = 0.67; 2014→2015 = 0.90), but low abundance spawning segments were dynamic and rarely remained in that state. One-third of high abundance sites remained so, indicating the presence of high quality spawning habitat. Mean segment temperatures ranged from -0.5 to 4.4°C, and occupancy varied positively with temperature. I predicted a 50% probability of occupancy in segments with temperatures of 3°C. With my on-the-ground work, I found that habitat characteristics varied among the three channel types, with most significant differences between main channel and off-channel habitats. Dissolved oxygen and pH decreased with increasing temperature, and conductivity increased with temperature. Predicted hatching and emergence timing ranged from 78 and 176 days (December 11th and March 18th) to 288 and 317 days (July 8th and August 6th), respectively, post-spawning, and were highly variable within sites and among channel types owing to high habitat thermal heterogeneity. Because the Chandalar River supports 30% of the fall chum salmon run in the Yukon River Basin, information such as provided by this study will be critical to allow resource managers to better understand the effects of future climate and anthropogenic change in the region.
Author: Lisa M. South Publisher: ISBN: Category : Chum salmon Languages : en Pages : 152
Book Description
"At northern extremes, fish habitat requirements are often linked to thermal preferences and the presence of overwintering habitat. The goal of this study was to identify spawning habitat for fall chum salmon Oncorhynchus keta and model habitat selection from spatial distributions of tagged individuals in the mainstem Tanana River, Alaska. I hypothesized that the presence of groundwater, which provides thermal refugia for overwinter incubation, would be most important for fall chum salmon. Models included braiding, sinuosity, open water surface area (indicating significant groundwater influence), and open water persistence (consistent presence of open water for a 12 year period according to satellite imagery). Candidate models containing open water persistence were selected as most likely. Persistent open water areas were further examined using forward-looking infrared (FLIR) imagery; marked differences between sites were observed in the extent of thermal influence by groundwater. Persistent open water sites with strong groundwater influence appear to serve as core areas for spawning salmon; the importance of stability through time suggests the legacy of successful reproductive effort in these areas for this homing species. This study indicates that not only the presence of groundwater is important for spawning chum, but its persistence and extent of groundwater influence"--Leaf iii.
Author: Justin P. Bissell Publisher: ISBN: Category : Chinook salmon Languages : en Pages : 209
Book Description
Restoration of anadromous salmonid habitat is of primary importance to the economic, historical, and cultural geography of the Pacific Northwest. Derivation and use of geospatial habitat models as guides to pinpoint key areas where limited restoration funding can be cost-effectively employed is of great importance. To this purpose, 1 meter resolution lidar-derived Digital Elevation Model data was acquired for the Indian Creek and neighboring watersheds in Mendocino County, California, and used together with field-acquired geomorphic stream data to geospatially model stream widths, depths, and streambank morphology. These geospatial covariates were field-verified in selected locations and then used in conjunction with field surveyed habitat presence data and substrate data to model potential anadromous salmonid species spawning habitat. Probability surfaces, each comprising the areal extent of the Indian Creek stream system and representing the probability for spawning habitat occurrence, were developed for each of the species of interest. The mean area under the curve (AUC) for 100 model replications for Chinook, Coho, and Steelhead were 0.954, 0.951, and 0.958, with standard deviations of 0.036, 0.034, and 0.036, respectively. In contrast to other models that solely use linear lengths of stream, the models developed in this work incorporate modeled stream bankfull widths and modeled stream corridor morphology, thus allowing additional interpretation and prediction involving the amount of species' use of specific streams and watersheds. Models were field-verified by California Department of Fish and Wildlife fisheries biologist staff and Pacific Watershed Associates engineering geologists and field scientist staff as being representative of actual field conditions, thus assuring the value of modeling results and methodology in future projects and research.
Author: Alaska. Department of Fish and Game. Habitat Protective Section. Resource Assessment Branch Publisher: ISBN: Category : Chum salmon Languages : en Pages :
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Author: 
Author: John Patrick O'Brien
Author: Chelsea M. Clawson
Author: Lisa M. South
Author: Sean Eugene Burril
Author: Justin P. Bissell
Author: Alaska. Department of Fish and Game. Habitat Protective Section. Resource Assessment Branch
Author: Andrew Hoffman
Author: Stephen S. Hale
Author: John H. Helle