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Author: L. H. Thaller Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 27
Book Description
With the increasing use of nickel hydrogen cells and batteries, degradation models and cycle life predictions can be valuable if they are valid. This report reviews previous studies of the expansion characteristics of nickel electrodes, as well as early efforts to predict cycle life as a function of depth of discharge. The results of these earlier studies are then used to suggest a more accurate degradation model for nickel electrodes. Preliminary experimental studies have focused on electrodes of the type used in typical flight hardware. The objective is to explore the stiffness of electrodes as they are cycled to different depths of discharge and different concentrations of KOH. Electrodes of different plaque strengths, loading levels of active material, and amounts of cobalt additives will eventually be investigated. The ultimate goal is to more accurately predict the cycle life of a cell as affected by design parameters. Nickel hydrogen, Life prediction models, Performance degradation, Nickel electrode expansion.
Author: L. H. Thaller Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 27
Book Description
With the increasing use of nickel hydrogen cells and batteries, degradation models and cycle life predictions can be valuable if they are valid. This report reviews previous studies of the expansion characteristics of nickel electrodes, as well as early efforts to predict cycle life as a function of depth of discharge. The results of these earlier studies are then used to suggest a more accurate degradation model for nickel electrodes. Preliminary experimental studies have focused on electrodes of the type used in typical flight hardware. The objective is to explore the stiffness of electrodes as they are cycled to different depths of discharge and different concentrations of KOH. Electrodes of different plaque strengths, loading levels of active material, and amounts of cobalt additives will eventually be investigated. The ultimate goal is to more accurately predict the cycle life of a cell as affected by design parameters. Nickel hydrogen, Life prediction models, Performance degradation, Nickel electrode expansion.
Author: Albert H. Zimmerman Publisher: Aerospace Corporation ISBN: 9781884989209 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 495
Book Description
Nickel-hydrogen battery cells provide one of the longest-lived and most reliable rechargeable battery systems ever developed. The Aerospace Corporation was instrumental in the research, development, and testing of such batteries. Primarily developed for use in satellite and space power systems, their exceptionally long life was well worth the high cost associated with the technology, and they rapidly replaced most of the nickel-cadmium batteries used in earlier satellites. This book provides the reader with an in-depth view of nickel-hydrogen cell technology: how it was developed, how and why it works, how to implement it and realize its ultimate capability, and what can go wrong if it is not properly managed.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Aeronautics Languages : en Pages : 602
Book Description
Lists citations with abstracts for aerospace related reports obtained from world wide sources and announces documents that have recently been entered into the NASA Scientific and Technical Information Database.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 30
Book Description
A static nickel hydrogen cell model has been developed to help explore the long term performance projections for nickel hydrogen cells and batteries. The model consists of a spreadsheet arrangement of the volume, porosity, and wettability characteristics for each of the cell's wettable components. Following the development of the basic model, the growing databases related to plate expansion, plaque corrosion, and electrolyte management considerations were reviewed as they impact changes in the electrolyte requirements of the cell. The basic model was modified to incorporate these effects. Taken together, the expanded model can be used to project cell performance over the useful life of a particular cell design. The model suggests that an important feature of a cell design is the percentage of the separator's pores that remain filled with electrolyte over the course of cell cycling. Factors that reduce the amount of electrolyte contained in the separator adversely impact the mass transport processes within the cell. This ultimately results in significant performance degradation. These factors include: (1) expansion of the positive plates, (2) corrosion of the nickel sinter substrate material, (3) incorporation of potassium hydroxide (KOH) into the structure of the gamma phase portion of the charged active material, and (4) condensation of water from the electrolyte onto the colder cell wall. Literature information related to these issues has suggested how materials can be selected, and components can be designed to be better able to accommodate changes in electrolyte volume during the required life of the cell.
Author: Alexander Kromp Publisher: KIT Scientific Publishing ISBN: 373150006X Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 146
Book Description
Solid oxide fuel cells offer great prospects for the sustainable, clean and safe conversion of various fuels into electrical energy. In this thesis, the performance-determining loss processes for the cell operation on reformate fuels are elucidated via electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Model-based analyses reveal the electrochemical fuel oxidation mechanism, the coupling of fuel gas transport and reforming chemistry and the impact of fuel impurities on the degradation of each loss process.
Author: Albert H. Zimmerman Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 40
Book Description
The rapidly fluctuating pressure environment that exists in today's nickel-hydrogen battery cells during high rate charge discharge operation can potentially act as an important source of stress to the active materials in the nickel electrodes. This study examines the coupling between the rapidly fluctuating pressure environment of hte nickel hydrogen cell and degradation of the nickel electrodes arising from expansion and contraction of the active materials. A model is developed to describe this coupling, and the sensitivity of the coupling to the parameters in the model is analyzed. The model is used to determine modes of nickel hydrogen cell operation for which the pressure environment is particularly critical in terms of potential degradation. The results indicate that cell operation involving rapid cycling or quite large dynamic operating pressure ranges may cause significant stress to the nickel electrodes, and may be an important component in degradation and failure rates. Finally, cell tests are suggested that should allow the effect of the nickel-hydrogen cell pressure environment on performance to be determined. Keywords: Nickel electrode, Nickel hydrogen, Degradation, Pressure, Hydrogen.
Author: Lawrence H. Thaller Publisher: AIAA ISBN: 9781884989131 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 212
Book Description
The review and analysis reported here are the outcomes of a project carried out from 1998-2001 within the Energy Technology Department of the The Aerospace Corporation to examine the available results of different nickel-hydrogen life testing programs that had been or were being carried out for low Earth orbit (LEO) applications. The cycling programs, some of which are still in progress, were conducted under different sponsorships and carried out at different testing facilities.
Author: L. H. Thaller
Author: L. H. Thaller
Author: Albert H. Zimmerman
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Author: Alexander Kromp
Author: Albert H. Zimmerman
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Author: Lawrence H. Thaller
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