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Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 73
Book Description
Titanium and titanium alloys are widely used for a variety of aerospace, chemical, marine, and other specialty applications because of their high strength, low density, good ductility, fatigue and corrosion resistance, as well as other properties. Depending on the application, a specific property (or combination of properties) can be obtained through microstructural modification. Microstructure evolution and control in titanium alloys is heavily dependent on the allotropic transformation from a hexagonal-close-packed crystal structure (denoted as alpha phase) found at low temperatures to a body-centered-cubic crystal structure (denoted as beta phase) at high temperatures. For pure titanium, this occurs at 882 deg C. In many titanium alloys, the beta phase is partially stabilized at lower temperatures, and the equilibrium volume fractions of alpha and beta vary with temperature. The temperature at which a specific alloy becomes entirely beta is called the beta transus. The conditions used for hot working and heating/heat treatment are often selected relative to the beta-transus temperature.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 73
Book Description
Titanium and titanium alloys are widely used for a variety of aerospace, chemical, marine, and other specialty applications because of their high strength, low density, good ductility, fatigue and corrosion resistance, as well as other properties. Depending on the application, a specific property (or combination of properties) can be obtained through microstructural modification. Microstructure evolution and control in titanium alloys is heavily dependent on the allotropic transformation from a hexagonal-close-packed crystal structure (denoted as alpha phase) found at low temperatures to a body-centered-cubic crystal structure (denoted as beta phase) at high temperatures. For pure titanium, this occurs at 882 deg C. In many titanium alloys, the beta phase is partially stabilized at lower temperatures, and the equilibrium volume fractions of alpha and beta vary with temperature. The temperature at which a specific alloy becomes entirely beta is called the beta transus. The conditions used for hot working and heating/heat treatment are often selected relative to the beta-transus temperature.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 76
Book Description
The development of crystallographic texture, the preferred orientation of grains in a polycrystalline aggregate, during thermomechanical processing (TMP) can play an important role with regard to the secondary-forming response (e.g., deep drawing of sheet) and service performance (e.g., strength, elastic modulus, ductility, fracture toughness) of metallic materials. Crystallographic texture, or simply texture for succinctness, may arise as a result of large-strain deformation, dynamic/static recrystallization, grain growth, or phase transformation. A second form of anisotropy, mechanical texturing or mechanical fibering, refers to the alignment of microstructure, inclusions, etc., during deformation processes and may also affect mechanical properties such as ductility and fracture toughness. This latter form of texture is not discussed in the present article.
Author: Artur Shugurov Publisher: Mdpi AG ISBN: 9783036522838 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 220
Book Description
Titanium and its alloys are widely used engineering materials within the aerospace, automotive, energy and chemical industries. Their unique combination of high strength-to-weight ratio, strong resistance to creep, excellent corrosion resistance, and low heat conductivity makes them suitable for a wide range of applications. A large variety of microstructures, including lamellar, martensite, equiaxed globular and bimodal (duplex) microstructures can be obtained in titanium alloys depending on the thermomechanical processing routes. Despite a large amount of work in the field of investigation of microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of titanium alloys, detailed studies of the effect of their microstructure on the mechanical behavior are still necessary because of ever-increasing demands for structural materials to optimize their properties for different applications by varying processing parameters and resulting microstructures. This Special Issue is focused on various aspects of microstructure evolution in titanium alloy samples obtained using traditional and additive technologies and subjected to different processing techniques as well as on the relation between their microstructure and mechanical behavior. The presented original articles cover the areas of preparation and experimental characterization of titanium alloys as well as computer simulation of their mechanical behavior under different loading conditions.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 41
Book Description
Mechanism-based models for the evolution of defects during the thermomechanical processing of aerospace titanium- and nickel-base alloys are described. These defects include those comprising microstructural/metal-flow irregularities and those that are damage-related (i.e., cracks and cavities.). The development of undesirable/non-uniform microstructures and cavities during the mill processing of alpha/beta titanium alloys is addressed first. Relatively simple, diffusion-based models of spheroidization and coarsening are applied to quantify the propensity for microstructure non-uniformities. Similarly, first order micromechanical models have been formulated to estimate the effect of local crystallographic texture on non-uniform flow, the generation of triaxial stresses, and cavity growth/closure in alpha/beta titanium alloys with a colony-alpha microstructure. The occurrence of non-uniform grain structures (and so-called ALA, or 'as large as, ' grains) in cast, wrought, and powder-metallurgy superalloys are also discussed. A physics-based model to treat the topology of recrystallization and the evolution of ALA grains in such materials is proposed.
Author: Jyoti S. Jha Publisher: ISBN: Category : Steel Languages : en Pages : 16
Book Description
Titanium alloy in the mill-annealed condition has a significant store of energy because it is not fully recrystallized and the grains possess a very high dislocation density. It is well established that the extent of softening mechanisms like dynamic recrystallization/recovery (DRX/DRV) are dependent on the stored energy during hot deformation. In this case, stored energy in the prior worked material may facilitate the softening. The hot deformation behavior of mill-annealed Ti-6Al-4V is studied by hot compression tests in the temperature range of 750C950C and strain rate (?, , ?, , , , , , ) range of 0.00110 s -1 for 60 % deformation. The true stress-strain curve of the compression tests exhibits the variation in flow stress ( ? ) characteristics in a wide range of temperature and strain rate (T, ,, ?, , ?, , , , , , ). The activation energy calculated from the phenomenological constitutive equation is significantly higher than the self-diffusion activation energy, which suggests DRX as the main softening process. However, ? -> ? phase transformation below the ? -transition temperature during hot deformation substantiates the occurrence of a mechanism other than DRX. In the lower temperature regime T (850C), softening is caused by the DRX process at a lower deformation rate ?, ?, , , , , (
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 9
Book Description
The present work attempts to establish a unified path model for characterization as well as prediction of microstructure evolution in terms of texture and micro-texture, in commercially pure titanium that has undergone thermo-mechanical processing. Two deformation temperatures, room temperature (cold rolling) and 260C (warm rolling), and five different deformation levels of 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 95% were used in the present investigation. In this report only the experimental results of texture analysis is presented. The modeling of processing path model, texture evolution and the experimental results for other temperature ranges will be presented elsewhere.
Author: W Sha Publisher: Elsevier ISBN: 1845695860 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 588
Book Description
Given their growing importance in the aerospace, automotive, sports and medical sectors, modelling the microstructure and properties of titanium and its alloys is a vital part of research into the development of new applications. This is the first time a book has been dedicated to modelling techniques for titanium.Part one discusses experimental techniques such as microscopy, synchrotron radiation X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry. Part two reviews physical modelling methods including thermodynamic modelling, the Johnson-Mehl-Avrami method, finite element modelling, the phase-field method, the cellular automata method, crystallographic and fracture behaviour of titanium aluminide and atomistic simulations of interfaces and dislocations relevant to TiAl. Part three covers neural network models and Part four examines surface engineering products. These include surface nitriding: phase composition, microstructure, mechanical properties, morphology and corrosion; nitriding: modelling of hardness profiles and kinetics; and aluminising: fabrication of Ti coatings by mechanical alloying.With its distinguished authors, Titanium alloys: Modelling of microstructure, properties and applications is a standard reference for industry and researchers concerned with titanium modelling, as well as users of titanium, titanium alloys and titanium aluminide in the aerospace, automotive, sports and medical implant sectors. Comprehensively assesses modelling techniques for titanium, including experimental techniques such as microscopy and differential scanning calorimetry Reviews physical modelling methods including thermodynamic modelling and finite element modelling Examines surface engineering products with specific chapters focused on surface nitriding and aluminising
Author: Raghavan Srinivasan Publisher: Tms ISBN: 9780873395052 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 232
Book Description
This proceedings volume includes papers on recent developments in the modelling and prediction of microstructure during thermomechanical processing of titanium, superalloys, aluminiun, and ferrous alloys. It covers both physical and computer modelling.
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Author: Raghavan Srinivasan