Modeling Household Vehicle and Transportation Choice and Usage PDF Download

Author: Karen Chappie
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Choice of transportation
Languages : en
Pages : 288

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Author: Cheng Zhuo
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781369201215
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :

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With respect to VMT: · The initial simplified model of ln(VMT+1), which includes only income and driving mobility limitation as explanatory variables, and was estimated with the NHTS dataset, has an R-squared of 0.1486. · The explanatory power of the initial model improves drastically after incorporating household-related variables into the model specification: when variables related to number of workers, number of drivers, and number of children enter the model, the R-squared value for the this "intermediate" model increases to 0.3204. · Furthermore, accounting for residential neighborhood land use also improves the explanatory power of the log-linear model of VMT. When we include density of the residential census tract as an additional explanatory variable into the "intermediate" model from above, the R-squared value increases to 0.3382. Therefore, the inclusion of a single land use variable improves the R-squared of the model by 5.6%. · Finally, the most complete model, which includes the density variable, and which is segmented based on neighborhood type and city size/presence of rail to allow model coefficients to vary in the six different clusters, has an R-Squared of 0.3429. This thesis makes a useful contribution in improving our understanding of why certain households choose to own fewer vehicles than usual. First, the study highlights the incremental contributions of specific groups of variables toward explaining observed behaviors. Several of these variables, e.g. personal attitudes, are often not controlled for in vehicle ownership and travel behavior studies. Accordingly, several conclusions of interest to planners and policy-makers can be drawn from the analysis of the results from this study: we find that the inclusion of attitudinal variables increases by a modest, but not trivial, amount the model's ability to predict observed choice. In particular, all else equal, pro-environment and pro-transit attitudes are found to contribute to explaining the choice of households who do not own a car, while a pro-driving attitude is found to have a positive effect on the choice of owning more vehicles than expected. Thus, the study highlights the importance of including individual attitudes in future surveys that collect information on household vehicle ownership and travel behavior. Doing so would improve the ability to correctly predict individuals' choices (including heterogeneity in choice processes across individuals), which can better support the evaluation of planning policies. Further, this study confirms the importance of residential location and of the characteristics of land use in affecting vehicle ownership and VMT. Specifically, the estimation results from the models that control for residential neighborhood characteristics highlight not only how VO and VMT vary for households across different regions, from a small town to a large city served by rail transit, but also how the influence of specific variables on VO and VMT differs by land-use type. For instance, the presence of more children in the household contributes to greater VMT, and the beta coefficient for the children variable is roughly the same across all lower-density neighborhoods (LDNs), whether in a small town or large metro area. However, for higher-density neighborhoods (HDNs), households living in smaller towns have greater increases in VMT compared to those living in large cities with rail, when the number of children under 16 increases. The presence of richer public transportation and the greater practicality of active transportation in densely-populated portions of large metropolitan areas may explain this phenomenon. The study provides insights into ways to increase the share of households who have ZVO or less than expected VMT. For example, the results from the study support the principle that policies designed to improve public transit and expand high-density neighborhoods can successfully contribute to reducing vehicle ownership and VMT, although the specific results in terms of reduction of car use also depend on the characteristics of the household. And although bicycling infrastructure was not a basis for the land use segmentation we employed in this study, given that higher-density neighborhoods can shorten trip lengths and thereby make active transportation more competitive with the automobile for short trips, the study suggests that creating a more effective bicycling infrastructure, especially in higher-density neighborhoods, would also be effective in reducing VO and VMT.

Author: Patricia L. Mokhtarian
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Automobile ownership
Languages : en
Pages : 0

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Author: Travel Model Improvement Program (U.S.)
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Federal aid to transportation
Languages : en
Pages : 46

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Author: Wenzhong Shi
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 9811589836
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 941

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This open access book is the first to systematically introduce the principles of urban informatics and its application to every aspect of the city that involves its functioning, control, management, and future planning. It introduces new models and tools being developed to understand and implement these technologies that enable cities to function more efficiently – to become ‘smart’ and ‘sustainable’. The smart city has quickly emerged as computers have become ever smaller to the point where they can be embedded into the very fabric of the city, as well as being central to new ways in which the population can communicate and act. When cities are wired in this way, they have the potential to become sentient and responsive, generating massive streams of ‘big’ data in real time as well as providing immense opportunities for extracting new forms of urban data through crowdsourcing. This book offers a comprehensive review of the methods that form the core of urban informatics from various kinds of urban remote sensing to new approaches to machine learning and statistical modelling. It provides a detailed technical introduction to the wide array of tools information scientists need to develop the key urban analytics that are fundamental to learning about the smart city, and it outlines ways in which these tools can be used to inform design and policy so that cities can become more efficient with a greater concern for environment and equity.

Author: David Alan Hensher
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Automobile ownership
Languages : en
Pages : 53

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Author: Thomas F. Golob
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Choice of transportation
Languages : en
Pages : 44

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Author: Thomas F. Golob
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Automobile driving
Languages : en
Pages : 72

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Author: Thomas F. Golob
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Automobile driving
Languages : en
Pages : 24

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Book Description

Author: Mingzhu Yao
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : City planning
Languages : en
Pages : 179

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Book Description
Understanding household long-term decisions concerning residential location/relocation, car ownership and short-term activity travel choices are crucial for land use and transport planning. However, when addressing these issues, multitudes of choice models applying individual or unitary household decision-making mechanisms have dominated in transport studies, ignoring the interactions among household members in consensual decision making in real situations. To promote the investigation of these issues from a group decision-making perspective, this study explores the applicability of various group decision-making approaches to investigate multiple long-term decisions and short-term choices. Specifically, this thesis has four main research objectives: 1) adopt a utilitarian approach to develop an integrated model that links household members’ consensual long-term decisions like housing, vehicle ownership and short-term activity-travel decisions like time use, explicitly capturing expenditure tradeoff for long-term decisions on housing and car ownership; 2) employ the Nash bargaining approach to model household members’ consensual car ownership choice and examine this choice from the perspective of household time allocation; 3) apply an egalitarian bargaining approach (capture household members’ concern for equity) to model household residential relocation choice, make a comparative study among this approach, Nash bargaining approach, and conventional utilitarian approach, and then accommodate these heterogeneous group decision mechanisms in a unified modeling framework; 4) examine the impacts of vehicle usage rationing policy on household car ownership and spouses’ time allocation patterns. The database that serves for empirical applications of the formulated models is from a two-wave household activity-travel diary survey conducted in Beijing. This thesis contributes to current literature by adopting new approaches to investigate various group decision-making mechanisms among household members, comparing and assessing the predictive performance of different group decision approaches, as well as explicitly capturing household’s long-term expenditure tradeoff. Insights and findings from this study are helpful for gaining profound understanding of spatial distribution of residence, household car ownership and individuals’ activity-travel patterns, which will be conducive to the formulation of relevant policies for sustainable urban development.