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Author: Ahmed M. Al-zoheiry Publisher: ISBN: Category : Agriculture and energy Languages : en Pages : 193
Book Description
Abstract: Food production is a problem in many of the regains in the world. Today, the process of producing food is very dependent on energy. The dependency on fossil fuels causes the cost of producing crops to increase as the prices of fuel increases. Using a renewable energy sources to power an irrigation system is a mean of decreasing the dependency of food products on the prices of fuel and minimize the impact of the irrigation system on the environment. A model was developed to simulate and predict the performance of an irrigation system powered by a renewable energy source. Both solar energy and wind energy were considered for the modeling of the system. The solar energy was simulated using the difference between the maximum and the minimum daily temperatures as an indicator of the amount of clouds in the atmosphere. The model is a modification of earlier models and has the advantage of not needing to be calibrated for each new site. Results showed that a model that calibrates it self for the upper and the lower expected values of the solar radiation can be developed using meteorological data such as the location of the site, the daily temperatures, and the minimum relative humidity. ii The wind energy was predicted using the power coefficient of the turbine and statistical representation of the daily wind speeds. The average hourly values of the wind speed were used for finding the distribution constants for the Weibull distribution and Rayleigh distribution. The results showed that the Weibull distribution is more accurate in predicting the expected power output of the turbine when the daily wind speed coefficient of variation (Cv) was less than 0.5. When the Cv is greater than 0.5 the Rayleigh distribution gives better results. A computer model was developed using Visual Basic to model the system and the resulting model was tested and used in comparing the economics of a traditional irrigation system and an irrigation system powered by solar panels. The system powered by the solar panel had a greater total annual cost than the traditional system but the sensitivity analysis performed showed that if the trends in energy prices continue and the prices of the solar panels continue to decrease, the cost for operating the traditional systems will be close to the cost of operating the systems powered by the solar panels in less than a 10 years.
Author: Ahmed M. Al-zoheiry Publisher: ISBN: Category : Agriculture and energy Languages : en Pages : 193
Book Description
Abstract: Food production is a problem in many of the regains in the world. Today, the process of producing food is very dependent on energy. The dependency on fossil fuels causes the cost of producing crops to increase as the prices of fuel increases. Using a renewable energy sources to power an irrigation system is a mean of decreasing the dependency of food products on the prices of fuel and minimize the impact of the irrigation system on the environment. A model was developed to simulate and predict the performance of an irrigation system powered by a renewable energy source. Both solar energy and wind energy were considered for the modeling of the system. The solar energy was simulated using the difference between the maximum and the minimum daily temperatures as an indicator of the amount of clouds in the atmosphere. The model is a modification of earlier models and has the advantage of not needing to be calibrated for each new site. Results showed that a model that calibrates it self for the upper and the lower expected values of the solar radiation can be developed using meteorological data such as the location of the site, the daily temperatures, and the minimum relative humidity. ii The wind energy was predicted using the power coefficient of the turbine and statistical representation of the daily wind speeds. The average hourly values of the wind speed were used for finding the distribution constants for the Weibull distribution and Rayleigh distribution. The results showed that the Weibull distribution is more accurate in predicting the expected power output of the turbine when the daily wind speed coefficient of variation (Cv) was less than 0.5. When the Cv is greater than 0.5 the Rayleigh distribution gives better results. A computer model was developed using Visual Basic to model the system and the resulting model was tested and used in comparing the economics of a traditional irrigation system and an irrigation system powered by solar panels. The system powered by the solar panel had a greater total annual cost than the traditional system but the sensitivity analysis performed showed that if the trends in energy prices continue and the prices of the solar panels continue to decrease, the cost for operating the traditional systems will be close to the cost of operating the systems powered by the solar panels in less than a 10 years.
Author: Megh R. Goyal Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 1771883650 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 361
Book Description
This new book, the fourth volume in the Innovations and Challenges in Micro Irrigation book series, examines the potential of solar energy and other emerging energy technologies in micro irrigation to create sustainable energy sources. The authors discuss a variety of innovative micro irrigation system designs, with a special focus on solar energy and photovoltaic (PV) energy.
Author: Carolyn Sheline Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 102
Book Description
The objective of this research is to lower the cost of solar-powered drip irrigation systems and thus make them more accessible to smallholder farmers, who operate farms that are less than 2 ha and normally located in rural communities. Current solar-powered drip irrigation systems that are conventionally sized are expensive due to their oversized pumps and many solar panels. These systems are generally not utilized by smallholder farmers because they are cost prohibitive. Although other irrigation technologies can be less expensive to the farmer, drip irrigation has been shown to reduce water waste and increase yields more than other irrigation methods, two benefits that could impact the livelihood of smallholder farmers, who manage 475 million farms worldwide. Previous work has been conducted to lower the cost of these systems including developing low pressure drip irrigation emitters and cost optimizing a model of the system. The work presented combines the use of low pressure emitters with a unique system-level model and optimization to lower the cost even further. The necessary components that make up a solar-powered drip irrigation system were explored and a model was created that predicts life cycle cost and performance of the system. It was found that the components that make up the system could be grouped into modules, and that these modules were highly interdependent. Thus, the modules were detailed extensively so that a holistic and flexible model could be created. The model was then optimized and a sensitivity analysis was conducted to investigate the key parameters that affected the system's cost and design for a baseline case of a 1 ha olive orchard in Morocco. The optimization was built to either minimize the system cost or to maximize the farmer's profit. For the same sample case this optimization was shown to reduce the life cycle cost by 62% compared to a conventionally sized system. The results of the analysis demonstrated that for smallholder farms direct-drive systems, or systems that do not use energy storage options, were cost optimal. Additionally, a reliability metric could be imposed that allowed for a 7-13% reduction in cost for 10% reduction in reliability. This reduction in reliability led to negligible reduction in yield for the water stress resistant crop of olives that was used. The designs that were built to maximize profits for the smallholder farms each had a reliability between 0-10% due to this reduction in cost. Additionally, the robustness of the model was tested by ensuring the repeatability of the convergence and executing the optimization for various weather conditions. The system model was validated through field trials that took place over a year with one solar-powered drip irrigation system set up on an olive orchard in Morocco and another on a citrus orchard in Jordan. For the trials the systems were oversized to ensure that the irrigation demand was met with 100% reliability for unforeseeable weather variations. The measured results of the system's delivered water as well as the operational pressure, flow, and power were similar to those predicted in simulation. The differences between what was measured and what was simulated were mostly due to unaccounted pressure and flow variations in the system as well as a mismatch between the simulated crop water demand and the irrigation delivered, which was calculated by local research staff and then input into the pump controller. Further testing will need to be conducted in order to validate the optimization of the model.
Author: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Publisher: Food & Agriculture Org. ISBN: 9251304793 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 87
Book Description
The report gives a state-of-the-art overview of policies, regulations and incentives for the sustainable use of solar-powered irrigation technologies (SPIS) around the world. SPIS offer a viable, low-tech energy solution for irrigated agriculture, providing a reliable source of energy in remote areas, contributing to rural electrification, reducing energy costs for irrigation and enabling low emission agriculture. Nevertheless, SPIS have a significant initial investment cost and require innovative financing models to overcome this barrier to adoption, especially for small-scale farmers. Technical knowledge and service infrastructure is needed to ensure that the systems run effectively. Moreover, SPIS – if not adequately managed - bear the risk of fostering unsustainable water use as lower energy costs may lead to over-abstraction of groundwater. This report looks at how different countries work to create an enabling environment for SPIS technologies, while managing the risks that come with it.
Author: Lingfeng Wang Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 3642229042 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 369
Book Description
The concept of the smart grid promises the world an efficient and intelligent approach of managing energy production, transportation, and consumption by incorporating intelligence, efficiency, and optimality into the power grid. Both energy providers and consumers can take advantage of the convenience, reliability, and energy savings achieved by real-time and intelligent energy management. To this end, the current power grid is experiencing drastic changes and upgrades. For instance, more significant green energy resources such as wind power and solar power are being integrated into the power grid, and higher energy storage capacity is being installed in order to mitigate the intermittency issues brought about by the variable energy resources. At the same time, novel power electronics technologies and operating strategies are being invented and adopted. For instance, Flexible AC transmission systems and phasor measurement units are two promising technologies for improving the power system reliability and power quality. Demand side management will enable the customers to manage the power loads in an active fashion. As a result, modeling and control of modern power grids pose great challenges due to the adoption of new smart grid technologies. In this book, chapters regarding representative applications of smart grid technologies written by world-renowned experts are included, which explain in detail various innovative modeling and control methods.
Author: Ramesh C. Bansal Publisher: Academic Press ISBN: 0323909906 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 433
Book Description
Modelling and Control Dynamics in Microgrid Systems with Renewable Energy Resources looks at complete microgrid systems integrated with renewable energy resources (RERs) such as solar, wind, biomass or fuel cells that facilitate remote applications and allow access to pollution-free energy. Designed and dedicated to providing a complete package on microgrid systems modelling and control dynamics, this book elaborates several aspects of control systems from classical approach to advanced techniques based on artificial intelligence. It captures the typical modes of operation of microgrid systems with distributed energy storage applications like battery, flywheel, electrical vehicles infrastructures that are integrated within microgrids with desired targets. More importantly, the techno-economics of these microgrid systems are well addressed to accelerate the process of achieving the SDG7 i.e., affordable and clean energy for all (E4ALL). This reference presents the latest developments including step by step modelling processes, data security and standards protocol for commissioning of microgrid projects, making this a useful tool for researchers, engineers and industrialists wanting a comprehensive reference on energy systems models. Includes simulations with case studies and real-world applications of energy system models Detailed systematic modeling with mathematical analysis is covered Features possible operating scenarios with solutions to the encountered issues
Author: Sanjeevikumar Padmanaban Publisher: Elsevier ISBN: 0443155798 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 348
Book Description
Power Systems Operation with 100% Renewable Energy Sources combines fundamental concepts of renewable energy integration into power systems with real-world case studies to bridge the gap between theory and implementation. The book examines the challenges and solutions for renewable energy integration into the transmission and distribution grids, and also provides information on design, analysis and operation. Starting with an introduction to renewable energy sources and bulk power systems, including policies and frameworks for grid upgradation, the book then provides forecasting, modeling and analysis techniques for renewable energy sources. Subsequent chapters discuss grid code requirements and compliance, before presenting a detailed break down of solar and wind integration into power systems. Other topics such as voltage control and optimization, power quality enhancement, and stability control are also considered. Filled with case studies, applications and techniques, Power Systems Operation with 100% Renewable Energy Sources is a valuable read to researchers, students and engineers working towards more sustainable power systems. Explains Volt/Var control and optimization for both transmission grid and distribution Discusses renewable energy integration into the weak grid system, along with its challenges, examples, and case studies Offers simulation examples of renewable energy integration studies that readers will perform using advanced simulation tools Presents recent trends like energy storage systems and demand responses for improving stability and reliability
Author: World Intellectual Property Organization Publisher: WIPO ISBN: 9280534777 Category : Law Languages : en Pages : 192
Book Description
The Green Technology Book puts innovation, technology and intellectual property at the forefront in the fight against climate change. This inaugural edition focuses on three important areas: agriculture and forestry, water and coastal regions, and cities, showcasing 200 available solutions that aim to reduce vulnerability and increase resilience to climate impacts.
Author: Ahmed M. Al-zoheiry
Author: Ahmed M. Al-zoheiry
Author: Megh R. Goyal
Author: Carolyn Sheline
Author: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Author: Fedro S. Zazueta
Author: Lingfeng Wang
Author: Ramesh C. Bansal
Author: Sanjeevikumar Padmanaban
Author: World Intellectual Property Organization
Author: Mustapha Hatti