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Author: Camille Gillot Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
Optimal control of tokamak plasmas requires efficient and accurate prediction of heat and matter transport. Growing from kinetic resonant instabilities, turbulence saturates by involving many scales, from the small vortex up to the back-reaction on the density and temperature profiles. Self-organisation processes are of particular interest, encompassing spontaneous zonal flow genera- tion and transport by avalanche. First principle numerical simulation codes like GYSELA allow studying the gyro-kinetic evolution of the particle distribution function. The large model size and cost prompts the need for reduction. Removing velocity dimensions is the so-called collisionless closure problem for fluid equations. Earlier approaches are extended and generalised by calling to the dynamical systems and optimal control litterature. In particular, we apply the balanced truncation and rational interpolation to the one-dimensional linear VlasovPoisson problem. The interpolation method features a cheap and versatile formulation, opening the door to wider use for more complex phenomena. Quasi-linear theory is the reference model for turbulent effects. The GYSELA three-dimensional output is analysed to estimate the robustness of linear properties in turbulent filaments. Key quasi-linear quantities carry over to the non-linear regime. Effective velocities and shape of turbulent structures are computed, and match expected group velocities and linear eigenmode. Nevertheless, the turbulent potential spectrum must be specified externally to quasi- linear models. This results in radially travelling unstable linear solutions that share many properties of turbulent avalanches seen in numerical simulations.
Author: Camille Gillot Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
Optimal control of tokamak plasmas requires efficient and accurate prediction of heat and matter transport. Growing from kinetic resonant instabilities, turbulence saturates by involving many scales, from the small vortex up to the back-reaction on the density and temperature profiles. Self-organisation processes are of particular interest, encompassing spontaneous zonal flow genera- tion and transport by avalanche. First principle numerical simulation codes like GYSELA allow studying the gyro-kinetic evolution of the particle distribution function. The large model size and cost prompts the need for reduction. Removing velocity dimensions is the so-called collisionless closure problem for fluid equations. Earlier approaches are extended and generalised by calling to the dynamical systems and optimal control litterature. In particular, we apply the balanced truncation and rational interpolation to the one-dimensional linear VlasovPoisson problem. The interpolation method features a cheap and versatile formulation, opening the door to wider use for more complex phenomena. Quasi-linear theory is the reference model for turbulent effects. The GYSELA three-dimensional output is analysed to estimate the robustness of linear properties in turbulent filaments. Key quasi-linear quantities carry over to the non-linear regime. Effective velocities and shape of turbulent structures are computed, and match expected group velocities and linear eigenmode. Nevertheless, the turbulent potential spectrum must be specified externally to quasi- linear models. This results in radially travelling unstable linear solutions that share many properties of turbulent avalanches seen in numerical simulations.
Author: Gregory De Dominici Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
A model based on a model which natively contained turbulence and turbulence driven flow. It has been improved to include the diamagnetic effects, the magnetic fluctuations, and in this work, we study the parametric dependencies of the observed L-H transition power threshold with respect to the ion mass. By including the diamagnetic effects in our model, we allow the competition between the drift waves and the interchange instabilities. This competition is here studied using fixed gradient simulation. We show in this work that the diamagnetic effects are stabilizing for a resistivity close to experimental conditions. Electromagnetic effects lead to more unstable modes at realistic resistivities. Moreover, a quasilinear estimation of the turbulent flux is able to qualitatively grasp the competition between the drift waves and the interchange and the behaviour of the nonlinear electrostatic turbulent flux with resistivity and plasma beta. Another parametric dependency of the turbulence is studied, by changing the mass of the isotope. This is known as the isotope effect. We show here that the turbulence is reduced when the ion mass is increased. Finally, the characteristic times of the turbulence are studied.Magnetic fluctuations have a dramatic effect on correlation times of the turbulence, by drastically reducing them. Accounting for these results, we present in this work the auto-generation of a transport barrier with electromagnetic simulations of edge turbulence, when the heat power is higher than a threshold, using flux-driven simulations. We have then changed the isotope, and correspondingly to experiments, the power threshold is lower for higher isotope mass.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 41
Book Description
The boundary plasma turbulence code BOUT models tokamak boundary-plasma turbulence in a realistic divertor geometry using modified Braginskii equations for plasma vorticity, density (ni), electron and ion temperature (T{sub e}; T{sub i}) and parallel momenta. The BOUT code solves for the plasma fluid equations in a three dimensional (3D) toroidal segment (or a toroidal wedge), including the region somewhat inside the separatrix and extending into the scrape-off layer; the private flux region is also included. In this paper, a description is given of the sophisticated physical models, innovative numerical algorithms, and modern software design used to simulate edge-plasmas in magnetic fusion energy devices. The BOUT code's unique capabilities and functionality are exemplified via simulations of the impact of plasma density on tokamak edge turbulence and blob dynamics.
Author: P.C Stangeby Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 9780750305594 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 738
Book Description
The Plasma Boundary of Magnetic Fusion Devices introduces the physics of the plasma boundary region, including plasma-surface interactions, with an emphasis on those occurring in magnetically confined fusion plasmas. The book covers plasma-surface interaction, Debye sheaths, sputtering, scrape-off layers, plasma impurities, recycling and control, 1D and 2D fluid and kinetic modeling of particle transport, plasma properties at the edge, diverter and limiter physics, and control of the plasma boundary. Divided into three parts, the book begins with Part 1, an introduction to the plasma boundary. The derivations are heuristic and worked problems help crystallize physical intuition, which is emphasized throughout. Part 2 provides an introduction to methods of modeling the plasma edge region and for interpreting computer code results. Part 3 presents a collection of essays on currently active research hot topics. With an extensive bibliography and index, this book is an invaluable first port-of-call for researchers interested in plasma-surface interactions.
Author: Davide Galassi Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
Nuclear fusion could offer a new source of stable, non-CO2 emitting energy. Today, tokamaks offer the best performance by confining a high temperature plasma by means of a magnetic field. Two of the major technological challenges for the operation of tokamaks are the power extraction and the confinement of plasma over long periods. These issues are associated with the transport of particles and heat, which is determined by turbulence, from the central plasma to the edge zone. In this thesis, we model turbulence in the edge plasma. We study in particular the divertor configuration, in which the central plasma is isolated from the walls by means of an additional magnetic field. This complex magnetic geometry is simulated with the fluid turbulence code TOKAM3X, developed in collaboration between the IRFM at CEA and the M2P2 laboratory of the University of Aix-Marseille.A comparison with simulations in simplified geometry shows a similar intermittent nature of turbulence. Nevertheless, the amplitude of the fluctuations, which has a maximum at the equatorial plane, is greatly reduced near the X-point, where the field lines become purely toroidal, in agreement with the recent experimental data. The simulations in divertor configuration show a significantly higher confinement than in circular geometry. A partial inhibition of the radial transport of particles at the X-point contributes to this improvement. This mechanism is potentially important for understanding the transition from low confinement mode to high confinement mode, the intended operational mode for ITER.
Author: Camille Gillot
Author: Camille Gillot
Author: Gregory De Dominici
Author: Christoph Wersal
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Author: 
Author: G. Tinios
Author: P.C Stangeby
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Author: A. Thyagaraja
Author: Davide Galassi