Model Development and Simulation of in Situ Remediation in Lead-contaminated Soils PDF Download

Author: Zhiao Shi
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 196

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Author: David J. Wilson
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 9781566762342
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 567

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Book Description
From the Preface Soil vapor extraction within the last few years has gone from being an innovative, relatively untried technology which was viewed with some distrust, to being one of the most reliable, accepted, and cost-effective of the techniques available for the remediation of hazardous waste sites. As with most of the in situ techniques, its use is restricted; the compounds to be removed must have vapor pressures and Henry's constants that are sufficiently large; SVE is effective for removing only those VOCs that are in the vadose zone or floating on the water table, and the soil at the site must be sufficiently permeable that one can move air through all of the domain to be treated by SVE. The design of optimal, cost-effective SVE installations tends to be highly site-specific, and often at complex sites the technique is deployed in concert with such other technologies as pump-and-treat, in situ air sparging, and fixation/stabilization. SVE may also be operated in such a manner as to optimize the extent to which biodegradation of contaminants occurs, a technique that is called bioventing or bio-assisted SVE, a quite new technology addressed in this book. Recently, another aeration technique has been developed_in situ air sparging; this is for use in the remediation of aquifers contaminated with VOCs. Virtually all of the points raised above with regard to SVE are also applicable to ISAS. The technique, being newer than SVE, has not yet achieved the wide degree of acceptance that SVE now enjoys, but ISAS has already achieved a number of successes, has a sound basis in science and engineering, has very little environmental impact, and is applicable to situations for which no other technology has proven cost-effective. It is evident that universal acceptance of this technology will be achieved in the near future. In this book about these techniques, we hope to serve the needs of three groups of readers. First, we have attempted to provide sufficient information on SVE and ISAS to give managers and regulators who may not be familiar with these remediation methods a clear idea of their ranges of applicability. Secondly, we have tried to meet the needs of those engineers who are not experts in the fields of SVE and ISAS, but whose work requires that they read proposals, reports, recommendations, etc., involving the technique with some degree of critical understanding. Thirdly, we have tried to provide a detailed discussion of SVE and ISAS, complete with all the mathematical nuts and bolts, for the environmental engineer whose work is involved with the selection, preliminary planning, design, construction, and operation of SVE and/or ISAS facilities and who may have to use or even to develop computer software in connection with these tasks. The book places heavy emphasis on mathematical modeling, and we believe that there is much to be gained by thoughtful modeling exercises.

Author: Helmut Kobus
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3642457509
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 366

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The complex topic of in-situ subsurface remediation technologies has been ad dressed at an international symposium at the Universitat Stuttgart on September 26 and 27, 1995, on the occasion of the inauguration of the research facility VEGAS (Versuchseinrichtung zur Grundwasser- und Altlastensanierung). The results are contained in this book with 22 contributions from leading experts in the field from Europe and North America. The book illustrates the role of large-scale experiments in groundwater and subsurface remediation research. The subtopics address the various links between conventional laboratory experiments, technology-scale experiments and field-site studies, showing the contribution of large-scale experiments to bridging the gap between small-scale investigations and large-scale field investigations (upscaling). The interdisciplinary nature of the problems requires a multidisciplinary approach. Therefore, the idea has been followed to bring together the various disciplines in volved in the different aspects and facets of subsurface flow, transport and trans as hydraulics and hydrology, physics, formation, involving such diverse disciplines chemistry, microbiology, geology, industrial, chemical and hydraulic engineering, mathematics and hydroinformatics. The individual contributions from these di versified fields address the subject from different angles in an attempt to form a coherent picture of the various aspects of the complex problems of subsurface remediation. The focus is on research approaches and strategies with respect to the development of new and improved technologies and to the role of large-scale experiments in research and application.

Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Lead abatement
Languages : en
Pages : 8

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Author: Peter Hooda
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1444319485
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 616

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Trace elements occur naturally in soils and some are essential nutrients for plant growth as well as human and animal health. However, at elevated levels, all trace elements become potentially toxic. Anthropogenic input of trace elements into the natural environment therefore poses a range of ecological and health problems. As a result of their persistence and potential toxicity, trace elements continue to receive widespread scientific and legislative attention. Trace Elements in Soils reviews the latest research in the field, providing a comprehensive overview of the chemistry, analysis, fate and regulation of trace elements in soils, as well as remediation strategies for contaminated soil. The book is divided into four sections: • Basic principles, processes, sampling and analytical aspects: presents an overview including general soil chemistry, soil sampling, analysis, fractionation and speciation. • Long-term issues, impacts and predictive modelling: reviews major sources of metal inputs, the impact on soil ecology, trace element deficient soils and chemical speciation modelling. • Bioavailability, risk assessment and remediation: discusses bioavailability, regulatory limits and cleanup technology for contaminated soils including phytoremediation and trace element immobilization. • Characteristics and behaviour of individual elements Written as an authoritative guide for scientists working in soil science, geochemistry, environmental science and analytical chemistry, the book is also a valuable resource for professionals involved in land management, environmental planning, protection and regulation.

Author: A.M. Otten
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9401155941
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 128

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Book Description
In situ remediation techniques have experienced a boom over the last few years, thereby producing a wide range of valuable experiences. Their results have demonstrated that in situ techniques are a mature alternative to conventional remediation techniques. Irrespective of future policy developments, it is impossible to imagine future remediation practice without the use of in situ techniques. The book presents an overview of recent developments in the field of in situ soil remediation. The book is unique in that it is not a compilation of unrelated case studies. A conceptual approach has been chosen; remediation models described in this book are illustrated from a practical point of view. The authors present the Dutch way of treating contaminated land; The Netherlands is renowned for being at the forefront of remediation techniques as a result of the country's progressiveness and experience in this area.

Author: Jean-Louis Morel
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 140204688X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 357

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Book Description
This is the first book aimed at development of a common language among scientists working in the field of Phytoremediation. Authors of the main chapters are leading scientists in this field. Some of them were among the first ones to have suggested the use of hyperaccumulator plants for extraction of metals from soils. Manuscripts based on lectures presented at the ASI have been revised here to take into account ASI participants’ comments and suggestions.

Author: Helmut Kobus
Publisher: Springer
ISBN:
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 360

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Book Description
The complex topic of in-situ subsurface remediation technologies has been ad dressed at an international symposium at the Universitat Stuttgart on September 26 and 27, 1995, on the occasion of the inauguration of the research facility VEGAS (Versuchseinrichtung zur Grundwasser- und Altlastensanierung). The results are contained in this book with 22 contributions from leading experts in the field from Europe and North America. The book illustrates the role of large-scale experiments in groundwater and subsurface remediation research. The subtopics address the various links between conventional laboratory experiments, technology-scale experiments and field-site studies, showing the contribution of large-scale experiments to bridging the gap between small-scale investigations and large-scale field investigations (upscaling). The interdisciplinary nature of the problems requires a multidisciplinary approach. Therefore, the idea has been followed to bring together the various disciplines in volved in the different aspects and facets of subsurface flow, transport and trans as hydraulics and hydrology, physics, formation, involving such diverse disciplines chemistry, microbiology, geology, industrial, chemical and hydraulic engineering, mathematics and hydroinformatics. The individual contributions from these di versified fields address the subject from different angles in an attempt to form a coherent picture of the various aspects of the complex problems of subsurface remediation. The focus is on research approaches and strategies with respect to the development of new and improved technologies and to the role of large-scale experiments in research and application.

Author: Martina Laura Vázquez Miranda
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : In situ remediation
Languages : en
Pages : 107

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Lead (Pb) speciation in soil is key for bioavailability assessment and exposure risk to humans from Pb contaminated soils. Soil ingestion is the main exposure pathway in Pb contaminated soils and in vitro bioaccessibility assays (IVBA) can predict relative bioavailable (RBA) Pb in soil by mimicking the GI tract conditions without traditional expensive animal feeding studies. In situ soil remediation has been considered an effective ecological treatment option compared to ex-situ techniques. The use of amendments such as biosolids, biochar, compost and phosphorous (P) amendments have been effective to decrease RBA in soils and, in doing so, reducing human exposure to the contaminant. In this study, soil amendments including biosolids, compost, wood-ash, biochar, soluble phosphate (SP) and their combinations were applied to Pb contaminated soil. Soil samples were incubated for up to 6 months at constant temperature, moisture and humidity. Samples were taken at three time points 1 (t1), 4 (t2) and 6 (t3) months of incubation and analyzed for total metal content, bioaccessible Pb (%IVBA-Pb), bioaccessible arsenic (%IVBA-As), organic carbon content (Org C), pH, extractable P and other key properties to determine the best treatment to reduce bioavailability of lead while improving soil health. Phosphorous was the most effective amendment to reduce %IVBA-Pb. Whether as individual or combined amendments, SP and biosolids resulted in 25-50% reductions of %IVBA Pb. Organic C addition did not reduce %IVBA-Pb, indicating complexation was not relevant for chemical immobilization of Pb in the case of strongly acidic soils such as the ones used in this experiment. %IVBA-As was correlated with pH and not P addition nor Organic C addition. Biosolid addition produced, apart from an expected plant available P increase, a great increase in Mineralizable Nitrogen content in the soils. Considering the importance of Nitrogen as an essential nutrient in plant growth, these results indicate that this amendment would be suitable for decreasing %IVBA-Pb and overall exposure to Pb contaminated soils. This is due to ensuring plant cover in the soils and decreasing soil erosion and loss, with the subsequent Pb dust dispersion, decreasing possible ingestion rates of the soil.

Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 72

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Book Description
Contamination in low-permeability soils poses a significant technical challenge to in-situ remediation efforts. Poor accessibility to the contaminants and difficulty in delivery of treatment reagents have rendered existing in-situ treatments such as bioremediation, vapor extraction, and pump and treat rather ineffective when applied to low-permeability soils present at many contaminated sites. The technology is an integrated in-situ treatment in which established geotechnical methods are used to install degradation zones directly in the contaminated soil, and electro-osmosis is utilized to move the contaminants back and forth through those zones until the treatment is complete. The present Topical Report for Task {number_sign}3.2 summarizes the modeling and dechlorination research conducted by General Electric Research and Development.