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Author: Chen Chen Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
To address the issues caused by CO2 emissions from the fossil-fueled combustion process by the power generation system, the comprehensive analysis of large-scale dynamic power plant systems with varying power load and supervisory control architecture that include carbon footprint constraints is presented. Model-based, system-scale dynamic simulation and optimization are useful tools for assessment and prediction of plant performance, decisions on the design configuration, and the tuning of operating procedures and control strategies. Efficiency estimates are provided for all the scenarios studied, and these estimates are optimal in terms of design configuration, control architecture and process sequencing. Moreover, the need to mitigate CO2 emissions leads power plant operators to explore advanced options for efficiency optimization and integration of power plants with carbon capture and storage (CCS) technologies. Process intensification options are explored for near-carbon-neutral, natural-gas-fueled combined cycle power plants, wherein the conventional combustor is replaced by a series of chemical-looping combustion reactors. Integrated power plant models are presented in this work, such as models of steam thermal power plants and combined cycle power plants. This work shows a complete workflow of data collection, model development, validation, control tuning, dynamic optimization formulation and solution, and supervisory control architectures for power generation systems. With the consideration of further reducing CO2 emissions, dynamic modeling and optimization are deployed to design chemical-looping combustion integrated with combined cycle power plants with optimal configuration and performance. The overall plant efficiency is improved by optimizing the chemical-looping reactor design and operation, and modifying the combined plant configuration and design. Moreover, process intensification for chemical-looping combustion reactors was explored in the form of reactor modularization. Specifically, fixed bed reactors were explored that are split into small reactor modules emulating the performance of a simulated moving bed reactor. The scheduling of the reactor modules was solved as a dynamic optimization problem that decides process variables and time intervals for the operation of each module at different chemical looping stages. The optimal scheduling of semi-batch reactors in cyclic arrangement revealed more complex patterns of gas switching that improve the thermodynamic efficiency of the process.
Author: Chen Chen Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
To address the issues caused by CO2 emissions from the fossil-fueled combustion process by the power generation system, the comprehensive analysis of large-scale dynamic power plant systems with varying power load and supervisory control architecture that include carbon footprint constraints is presented. Model-based, system-scale dynamic simulation and optimization are useful tools for assessment and prediction of plant performance, decisions on the design configuration, and the tuning of operating procedures and control strategies. Efficiency estimates are provided for all the scenarios studied, and these estimates are optimal in terms of design configuration, control architecture and process sequencing. Moreover, the need to mitigate CO2 emissions leads power plant operators to explore advanced options for efficiency optimization and integration of power plants with carbon capture and storage (CCS) technologies. Process intensification options are explored for near-carbon-neutral, natural-gas-fueled combined cycle power plants, wherein the conventional combustor is replaced by a series of chemical-looping combustion reactors. Integrated power plant models are presented in this work, such as models of steam thermal power plants and combined cycle power plants. This work shows a complete workflow of data collection, model development, validation, control tuning, dynamic optimization formulation and solution, and supervisory control architectures for power generation systems. With the consideration of further reducing CO2 emissions, dynamic modeling and optimization are deployed to design chemical-looping combustion integrated with combined cycle power plants with optimal configuration and performance. The overall plant efficiency is improved by optimizing the chemical-looping reactor design and operation, and modifying the combined plant configuration and design. Moreover, process intensification for chemical-looping combustion reactors was explored in the form of reactor modularization. Specifically, fixed bed reactors were explored that are split into small reactor modules emulating the performance of a simulated moving bed reactor. The scheduling of the reactor modules was solved as a dynamic optimization problem that decides process variables and time intervals for the operation of each module at different chemical looping stages. The optimal scheduling of semi-batch reactors in cyclic arrangement revealed more complex patterns of gas switching that improve the thermodynamic efficiency of the process.
Author: Fereidoon Sioshansi Publisher: Academic Press ISBN: 0080889719 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 633
Book Description
The electric power sector is what keeps modern economies going, and historically, fossil fuels provided the bulk of the energy need to generate electricity, with coal a dominant player in many parts of the world. Now with growing concerns about global climate change, this historical dependence on fossil-fuels, especially those rich in carbon, are being questioned. Examining the implications of the industry's future in a carbon-constrained world, a distinct reality, is the subject of this book. Containing contributions from renowned scholars and academics from around the world, this book explores the various energy production options available to power companies in a carbon-constrained world. The three part treatment starts with a clear and rigorous exposition of the short term options including Clean Coal and Carbon Capture and Sequestration Technology, Coal, and Emission trading. Renewable energy options such as Nuclear Energy, Wind power, Solar power, Hydro-electric, and Geothermal energy are clearly explained along with their trade-offs and uncertainties inherent in evaluating and choosing different energy options and provides a framework for assessing policy solutions. This is followed by self-contained chapters of case-studies from all over the world. Other topics discussed in the book are Creating markets for tradable permits in the emerging carbon era, Global Action on Climate Change, The Impossibility of Staunching World CO2 Emissions and Energy efficiency. - Clearly explains short term and long term options - Contributions from renowned scholars and academics from around the world - Case-studies from all over the world
Author: George Giannakidis Publisher: Springer ISBN: 3319165402 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 427
Book Description
This book highlights how energy-system models are used to underpin and support energy and climate mitigation policy decisions at national, multi-country and global levels. It brings together, for the first time in one volume, a range of methodological approaches and case studies of good modeling practice on a national and international scale from the IEA-ETSAP energy technology initiative. It provides insights for the reader into the rich and varied applications of energy-system models and the underlying methodologies and policy questions they can address. The book demonstrates how these models are used to answer complex policy questions, including those relating to energy security, climate change mitigation and the optimal allocation of energy resources. It will appeal to energy engineers and technology specialists looking for a rationale for innovation in the field of energy technologies and insights into their evolving costs and benefits. Energy economists will gain an understanding of the key future role of energy technologies and policy makers will learn how energy-system modeling teams can provide unique perspectives on national energy and environment challenges. The book is carefully structured into three parts which focus on i) policy decisions that have been underpinned by energy-system models, ii) specific aspects of supply and end-use sector modeling, including technology learning and behavior and iii) how additional insights can be gained from linking energy-system models with other models. The chapters elucidate key methodological features backed up with concrete applications. The book demonstrates the high degree of flexibility of the modeling tools used to represent extremely different energy systems, from national to global levels.
Author: Yihsu Chen Publisher: Springer Nature ISBN: 3030448665 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 278
Book Description
This book covers game-theoretic approaches to analyzing policies for environmental regulation in the power sector. The scope includes operational and investment decisions in imperfectly competitive electricity markets as well as transmission planning and policy design. Given this context, this book synthesizes equilibrium and bi-level modeling to address challenging research questions such as: • How are power-plant operations affected by carbon policy, such as cap-and-trade (C&T) systems? • How does market power in electricity generation affect market outcomes and CO2 emissions? • How does a strategic firm with first-mover advantage manipulate both electricity and C&T permit prices? • How does a strategic firm with first-mover advantage invest in new generation capacity under a C&T system? • How does sustainable transmission planning adapt to an imperfectly competitive power sector? • How should a renewable portfolio standard (RPS) target be revised in an imperfectly competitive power sector? This book includes plenty of illustrative examples to facilitate the concepts’ comprehension. It is intended to make equilibrium and bi-level models adapted for policy assessment accessible to graduate students, academic researchers, industry practitioners, and policy analysts.
Author: Brayam D. Valqui Ordonez Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
This dissertation explores the impacts of environmental regulations in bulk power systems via novel modeling frameworks. Chapters 2 and 3 model the effect of different types of strategic behavior in electricity markets with low-carbon policies. On the other hand, Chapter 4 focuses on the impact of extreme weather events on the low-carbon transition. Chapter 2 presents a game-theoretic framework that includes two critical features of electricity markets: strategic adoption decisions by firms and intertemporal constraints on power plant operations. We apply this framework to a case study based on the Midwestern U.S. electricity market and explore whether biomass co-firing would decrease emissions. We show that profit-maximizing firms will retrofit mid-efficiency coal units, rather than the most or least efficient units. We demonstrate that, contrary to expectations, this strategy leads to a net increase in system-wide carbon emissions under high carbon prices because of the other generators displaced by co-firing units. Chapter 3 focuses on understanding the impacts of strategic investment decisions under a carbon tax in electricity markets. Using the framework of an equilibrium problem with equilibrium constraints, we investigate whether the optimal portfolio in a market with strategic investors differ from the results from a centralized cost-minimization plan. We apply this framework to an illustrative example and case study based on PJM. We demonstrate that strategic investors build a portfolio of technologies that increases electricity prices, total profits, and total system cost relative to the cost-minimization framework. We show that these results are robust to the carbon tax level, the number of firms in the market, network congestion, and test systems. Our simulations also show that the impact of strategic investment decisions on total emissions varies for different scenarios and is directly influenced by the existing generation mix in the system. Chapter 4 develops a novel generation expansion model that considers a low-carbon target and high-water temperature scenarios. To account for the interaction between capacity changes and likely high-water temperatures, resilience constraints are embedded in the proposed framework. We apply this framework to a case study based on the Western Electricity Coordinating Council. We demonstrate that our proposed model leads to lower retirement of high-carbon thermal units to comply with the resilience constraints. The effect of these planning decisions in the proposed model is a higher fixed O\&M cost but a significantly lower resilience cost, which leads to a net reduction in the total system cost relative to a traditional generation expansion model.
Author: Subramanian Senthilkannan Muthu Publisher: Butterworth-Heinemann ISBN: 012812850X Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 472
Book Description
Environmental Carbon Footprints: Industrial Case Studies provides a wide range of industrial case-studies, beginning with textiles, energy systems and bio-fuels. Each footprint is associated with background information, scientific consensus and the reason behind its invention, methodological framework, assessment checklist, calculation tool/technique, applications, challenges and limitations. More importantly, applications of each indicator/framework in various industrial sectors and their associated challenges are presented. As case studies are the most flexible of all research designs, this book allows researchers to retain the holistic characteristics of real-life events while investigating empirical events. - Includes case studies from various industries, such as textiles, energy systems and conventional and bio-fuels - Provides the calculation tool/technique, applications, challenges and limitations for determining carbon footprints on an industry by industry basis - Presents the background information, scientific consensus and reason behind each case study
Author: Ahmed Shafeen Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 166
Book Description
The global energy and electricity demand is increasing rapidly along with the consumption of fossil fuels, more specifically coal and natural gas. This results in accelerated growth of anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG), in particular CO2, into the atmosphere which is assumed to be the main cause of global warming. In order to mitigate CO2 emissions while sustaining the growth in power generation, it is necessary to develop advanced energy efficient technologies for power generation. Power generation systems based on fossil fuel combustion technologies will maintain their dominant position in the global energy infrastructure for decades to come. However, in order to sustain power generation in a carbon constraint environment, the fossil fuel based combustion systems need to be more energy efficient and emit significantly less pollutants (in particular CO2) to the atmosphere. Oxy-fuel power generation technology is a promising and novel technology pathway for power generation which provides high efficiency and near zero emission opportunities with CO2 capture. The Oxy-fuel combustion has been widely used in steel and glass industries for many decades; however its potential use in power generation is relatively new. Hence, extensive research and development (R&D) as well as process simulation and modeling work are required to develop and validate the technology. The CO2 capture processes are inherently energy intensive and associated with high capital investment and increased operating cost, along with significant efficiency loss. Efficiency loss in any industrial process including power plants is also due to the waste heat from different unit operations. However, in order to reduce waste heat and improve efficiency, these plants require better heat integration, the first step of which is to identify point sources for heat loss and calculate the available amount of heat that can be utilized. This can be done by performing an exergy analysis on the overall plant and incorporate the efficiency improvement measures based on the exergy analysis results. In order to make tangible improvement in efficiency and emission control, existing fossil fuel power plants and, even more so, new plants based on the next generation technologies that are yet to be implemented, require extensive process modeling to validate and optimize the design concepts before their implementation. These efforts will make the technology more competitive or to comply with environmental regulations in support of Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS), which is considered to be a key transitional technology solution to the issue of climate change and continuous utilization of fossil fuel resources in the next few decades. Using a systematic exergy-based approach, the present study aims at developping an efficient integrated oxy-fuel power generation system process model with air separation and CO2 capture and compression modules.
Author: Chu Wei Publisher: Routledge ISBN: 1000766861 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 171
Book Description
In order to effectively address global warming, many countries have significantly reduced the amount of carbon dioxide emissions that are put into the atmosphere. From the perspective of industrial structure, this volume examines the emission reduction potentials and abatement costs in China. By making an empirical analysis of the emission reduction, the author proposes some practical strategies. The book comprehensively summarizes related theories and research of contaminant disposal modeling, and estimates the shadow price of interprovincial CO2 emissions, the emission reduction potential of different regions, and the marginal emission reduction cost based on the parametric model. It finally puts forward the strategy to adjust the industrial structure in China. The book hence provides solid evidence for policy-makers to help mitigate CO2 emissions through industrial restructuring strategy.
Author: Chen Chen
Author: Chen Chen
Author: Fereidoon Sioshansi
Author: George Giannakidis
Author: Yihsu Chen
Author: Brayam D. Valqui Ordonez
Author: Subramanian Senthilkannan Muthu
Author: Zhiqiang Geng
Author: Ahmed Shafeen
Author: Chu Wei
Author: