Mixture Formation and Combustion in a Spark Ignition Engine with Direct Fuel Injection PDF Download

Author: L. Spiegel
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Automobiles
Languages : en
Pages : 9

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Author: F. Zhao
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 008055279X
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 129

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The process of fuel injection, spray atomization and vaporization, charge cooling, mixture preparation and the control of in-cylinder air motion are all being actively researched and this work is reviewed in detail and analyzed. The new technologies such as high-pressure, common-rail, gasoline injection systems and swirl-atomizing gasoline fuel injections are discussed in detail, as these technologies, along with computer control capabilities, have enabled the current new examination of an old objective; the direct-injection, stratified-charge (DISC), gasoline engine. The prior work on DISC engines that is relevant to current GDI engine development is also reviewed and discussed. The fuel economy and emission data for actual engine configurations have been obtained and assembled for all of the available GDI literature, and are reviewed and discussed in detail. The types of GDI engines are arranged in four classifications of decreasing complexity, and the advantages and disadvantages of each class are noted and explained. Emphasis is placed upon consensus trends and conclusions that are evident when taken as a whole; thus the GDI researcher is informed regarding the degree to which engine volumetric efficiency and compression ratio can be increased under optimized conditions, and as to the extent to which unburned hydrocarbon (UBHC), NOx and particulate emissions can be minimized for specific combustion strategies. The critical area of GDI fuel injector deposits and the associated effect on spray geometry and engine performance degradation are reviewed, and important system guidelines for minimizing deposition rates and deposit effects are presented. The capabilities and limitations of emission control techniques and after treatment hardware are reviewed in depth, and a compilation and discussion of areas of consensus on attaining European, Japanese and North American emission standards presented. All known research, prototype and production GDI engines worldwide are reviewed as to performance, emissions and fuel economy advantages, and for areas requiring further development. The engine schematics, control diagrams and specifications are compiled, and the emission control strategies are illustrated and discussed. The influence of lean-NOx catalysts on the development of late-injection, stratified-charge GDI engines is reviewed, and the relative merits of lean-burn, homogeneous, direct-injection engines as an option requiring less control complexity are analyzed.

Author: Hans Peter Lenz
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 148992762X
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 417

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Twentyfour years have gone by since the publication of K. Lohner and H. Muller's comprehen sive work "Gemischbildung und Verbrennung im Ottomotor" in 1967 [1.1]' Naturally, the field of mixture formation and combustion in the spark-ignition engine has wit nessed great technological advances and many new findings in the intervening years, so that the time seemed ripe for presenting a summary of recent research and developments. There fore, I gladly took up the suggestion of the editors of this series of books, Professor Dr. H. List and Professor Dr. A. Pischinger, to write a book summarizing the present state of the art. A center of activity of the Institute of Internal-Combustion Engines and Automotive Engineering at the Vienna Technical University, which I am heading, is the field of mixture formation -there fore, many new results that have been achieved in this area in collaboration with the respective industry have been included in this volume. The basic principles of combustion are discussed only to that extent which seemect necessary for an understanding of the effects of mixture formation. The focal point of this volume is the mixture formation in spark-ignition engines, covering both the theory and actual design of the mixture formation units and appropriate intake manifolds. Also, the related measurement technology is explained in this work.

Author: Alessandro Ferrari
Publisher: SAE International
ISBN: 1468603124
Category : Transportation
Languages : en
Pages : 372

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Fuel injection systems and performance is fundamental to combustion engine performance in terms of power, noise, efficiency, and exhaust emissions. There is a move toward electric vehicles (EVs) to reduce carbon emissions, but this is unlikely to be a rapid transition, in part due to EV batteries: their size, cost, longevity, and charging capabilities as well as the scarcity of materials to produce them. Until these isssues are resolved, refining the spark-ignited engine is necessary address both sustainability and demand for affordable and reliable mobility. Even under policies oriented to smart sustainable mobility, spark-ignited engines remain strategic, because they can be applied to hybridized EVs or can be fueled with gasoline blended with bioethanol or bio-butanol to drastically reduce particulate matter emissions of direct injection engines in addition to lower CO2 emissions. In this book, Alessandro Ferrari and Pietro Pizzo provide a full review of spark-ignited engine fuel injection systems. The most popular typologies of fuel injection systems are considered, with special focus on state-of-the-art solutions. Dedicated sections on the methods for air mass evaluation, fuel delivery low-pressure modules, and the specific subsystems for idle, cold start, and warm-up control are also included. The authors pay special attention to mixture formation strategies, as they are a fundamental theme for SI engines. An exhaustive overview of fuel injection technologies is provided, and mixture formation strategies for spark ignited combustion engines are considered. Fuel Injection Systems illustrates the performance of these systems and will also serve as a reference for engineers who are active in the aftermarket, offering detailed information on fuel injection system solutions that are mounted in older vehicles.

Author: Hans P. Lenz
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 9783709166932
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 400

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Book Description
Twentyfour years have gone by since the publication of K. Lohner and H. MOiler's comprehen sive work "Gemischbildung und Verbrennung im Ottomotor" in 1967 [1.1]. Naturally, the field of mixture formation and combustion in the spark-ignition engine has wit nessed great technological advances and many new findings in the intervening years, so that the time seemed ripe for presenting a summary of recent research and developments. There fore, I gladly took up the suggestion of the editors of this series of books, Professor Dr. H. List and Professor Dr. A. Pischinger, to write a book summarizing the present state of the art. A center of activity of the Institute of Internal-Combustion Engines and Automotive Engineering at the Vienna Technical University, which I am heading, is the field of mixture formation -there fore, many new results that have been achieved in this area in collaboration with the respective industry have been included in this volume. The basic principles of combustion are discussed only to that extent which seemed necessary for an understanding of the effects of mixture formation. The focal point of this volume is the mixture formation in spark-ignition engines, covering both the theory and actual design of the mixture formation units and appropriate intake manifolds. Also, the related measurement technology is explained in this work.

Author: Richard van Basshuysen
Publisher: Vieweg+Teubner Verlag
ISBN: 9783834826886
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 0

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Direct injection spark-ignition engines are becoming increasingly important, and their potential is still to be fully exploited. Increased power and torque coupled with further reductions in fuel consumption and emissions will be the clear trend for future developments. From today’s perspective, the key technologies driving this development will be new fuel injection and combustion processes. The book presents the latest developments, illustrates and evaluates engine concepts such as downsizing and describes the requirements that have to be met by materials and operating fluids. The outlook at the end of the book discusses whether future spark-ignition engines will achieve the same level as diesel engines.

Author: Markus Raffel
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3540723072
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 460

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This immensely practical guide to PIV provides a condensed, yet exhaustive guide to most of the information needed for experiments employing the technique. This second edition has updated chapters on the principles and extra information on microscopic, high-speed and three component measurements as well as a description of advanced evaluation techniques. What’s more, the huge increase in the range of possible applications has been taken into account as the chapter describing these applications of the PIV technique has been expanded.

Author: Udo Gerke
Publisher: Cuvillier Verlag
ISBN: 3736924992
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 232

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The present work investigates the mixture formation and combustion process of a direct-injection (DI) hydrogen internal combustion engine by means of three-dimensional numerical simulation. The study specifies details on the validity of turbulence models, combustion models as well as aspects on the definition of hydrogen-air burning velocities with respect to hydrogen IC engine applications. Results of homogeneous, stratified and multi-injection engine operation covering premixed, partially premixed and non-premixed combustion of hydrogen are presented. Results of the numerical simulations are validated using data of experimental analysis from parallel works, employing a one-cylinder research engine and a research engine with optical access. As a fundamental contribution to combustion modelling of hydrogen IC engines, a new correlation for laminar burning velocities of hydrogen-air mixtures at engine-relevant conditions is derived from measurements of premixed outwards propagating flames conducted in a single-cylinder compression machine. Numerical results of the direct-injection mixture formation give a detailed understanding of the interrelation between injection timing and the degree of mixture homogenisation. A favourable agreement between the computed fuel concentration and results of Planar Laser Induced Fluorescence (PLIF) measurements is reported for various injection timings. Different two-equation turbulence models, a Shear Stress Transport (SST) model and a k-ε model based on Renormalisation Group (RNG) theory as well as a Reynolds Stress Model (RSM) are discussed. The impact of the models on the level of turbulent kinetic energy proves to be of major importance. State-of-the-art turbulent combustion models on the basis of turbulent flame speed closure (TFC) and on the basis of a flame surface density approach, the Extended Coherent Flame Model (ECFM), are examined. The models are adapted to hydrogen internal combustion engines and are interfaced to the established three-dimensional flow field solver ANSYS CFX within the framework of the international research project HyICE. Two different approaches are investigated as input for the laminar burning velocities of hydrogen. Firstly, flame speed data are computed with a kinetic mechanism. Secondly, an existing experimentally derived laminar flame speed correlation is extended to rich air/fuel equivalence ratios (λ 1) and is compared to measurements conducted within the present work. In general, the TFC-models show a satisfying agreement for DI operating points compared to experimental data, when mixing computations are conducted with the SST turbulence model. Also, port fuel injection (PFI) operating points demonstrate a good performance with these models, however, the constant model prefactor (multiplier for the closure of turbulent flame speed) has to be defined individually for PFI and DI computations. This effect might be caused by the dissimilar sources of turbulence for the two engine types (PFI and DI) which cannot be adequately predicted by the turbulence models. Combustion computations on the basis of mixture results obtained by the RNG-model generally underrate the level of turbulence intensity for stratified operation points, effecting too weak rates of heat release. The ECFM combustion model shows a satisfying predictability for the PFI case using a constant model prefactor. Computations of DI operating points with this model, however, require a readjustment of the prefactor for each operating point in order to match experimental results. Regarding turbulent combustion, the hydrogen laminar flame speed is recognised to be the crucial quantity for the employed modelling approaches. Since direct-injection hydrogen engines in the stratified case engender a wide range of equivalence ratios, fundamental data for the laminar flame speed has to be provided as a model input within the entire boundaries of ignition limits. A lack of experimental data of laminar flame speed at engine-relevant conditions (high pressure, high temperature) is noticed. In order to perform a detailed study on hydrogen burning velocities, a single-cylinder compression machine is selected to conduct flame speed measurements of hydrogen-air mixtures at ignition temperatures and pressures up to T = 700 K and p = 45 bar, considering air/fuel equivalence ratios between λ = 0.4 and 2.8. Flame front velocities are acquired by means of optical methods using OH-chemiluminescence and thermodynamic, multi-zone evaluation of pressure traces. In comparison to data of laminar flame speed derived from reaction mechanisms and flame speed correlations found in literature, the experimental results show increased burning velocities due to flame front wrinkling caused by hydrodynamic and thermo-diffusive instabilities. a href="http://ec.europa.eu/research/transport/news/article_5199_en.html" EU Transport Research

Author: Xinyi Liu
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 232

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Author: Satoshi Kato
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Spark ignition engines
Languages : en
Pages : 9

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