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Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 7
Book Description
Mixing and CP violation (CPV) in the neutral D system were first discussed over thirty years ago but mixing was observed for the first time only very recently. Since then, these observations have been confirmed in other experiments and in other D° decay modes. Unlike the K, B and B{sub s} systems, for which mixing was observed years earlier, the short distance ([Delta]C = 2) amplitude contributing to mixing in the D system arises from box diagrams with down- rather than up-type quarks in the loops. The d and s components are GIM-suppressed, and the b component is suppressed by the small V{sub ub} CKM coupling. In the standard model (SM), therefore, long range, non-perturbative effects, a coherent sum over intermediate states accessible to both D° and {bar D}°, are the main contribution to mixing. These are hard to compute reliably, however. The phenomenon of mixing in neutral meson systems has now been observed in all flavours, but only in the past year in the D° system. The standard model anticipated that, for the charm sector, the mixing rate would be small, and also that CP violation, either in mixing or in direct decay, would be below the present levels of observability. It is hoped that further study of these phenomena might reveal signs of new physics. A review of recently available, experimental results is given.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 7
Book Description
Mixing and CP violation (CPV) in the neutral D system were first discussed over thirty years ago but mixing was observed for the first time only very recently. Since then, these observations have been confirmed in other experiments and in other D° decay modes. Unlike the K, B and B{sub s} systems, for which mixing was observed years earlier, the short distance ([Delta]C = 2) amplitude contributing to mixing in the D system arises from box diagrams with down- rather than up-type quarks in the loops. The d and s components are GIM-suppressed, and the b component is suppressed by the small V{sub ub} CKM coupling. In the standard model (SM), therefore, long range, non-perturbative effects, a coherent sum over intermediate states accessible to both D° and {bar D}°, are the main contribution to mixing. These are hard to compute reliably, however. The phenomenon of mixing in neutral meson systems has now been observed in all flavours, but only in the past year in the D° system. The standard model anticipated that, for the charm sector, the mixing rate would be small, and also that CP violation, either in mixing or in direct decay, would be below the present levels of observability. It is hoped that further study of these phenomena might reveal signs of new physics. A review of recently available, experimental results is given.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 5
Book Description
Mixing and CP violation in charm meson decays provide a unique probe of possible physics beyond the standard model. In this paper, we give a brief review of the current measurements from the BABAR experiment.
Author: Markus Röhrken Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 3319007262 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 205
Book Description
This thesis describes a high-quality, high-precision method for the data analysis of an interesting elementary particle reaction. The data was collected at the Japanese B-meson factory KEKB with the Belle detector, one of the most successful large-scale experiments worldwide. CP violation is a subtle quantum effect that makes the world look different when simultaneously left and right and matter and antimatter are exchanged. This being a prerequisite for our own world to have developed from the big bang, there are only a few experimental indications of such effects, and their detection requires very intricate techniques. The discovery of CP violation in B meson decays garnered Kobayashi and Maskawa, who had predicted these findings as early as 1973, the 2008 Nobel prize in physics. This thesis describes in great detail what are by far the best measurements of branching ratios and CP violation parameters in two special reactions with two charm mesons in the final state. It presents an in-depth but accessible overview of the theory, phenomenology, experimental setup, data collection, Monte Carlo simulations, (blind) statistical data analysis, and systematic uncertainty studies.
Author: Sheldon Stone Publisher: World Scientific ISBN: 9789810218362 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 676
Book Description
This 2nd edition is an extensive update of "B Decays?. The revisions are necessary because of the extensive amount of new data and new theoretical ideas. This book reviews what is known about b-quark decays and also looks at what can be learned in the future.The importance of this research area is increasing, as evidenced by the approval of the luminosity upgrade for CESR and the asymmetric B factories at SLAC and KEK, and the possibility of experiments at hadron colliders.The key experimental observations made thus far, measurement of the lifetimes of the different B species, B0-B0 mixing, the discovery of ?Penguin? mediated decays, and the extraction of the CKM matrix elements Vub and Vcb from semileptonic decays, as well as more mundane results, are described in great detail by the experimentalists who have been closely involved with making the measurements. Theoretical progress in understanding b-quark decays using HQET and lattice gauge techniques are described by theorists who have developed and used these techniques.Synthesizing the experimental and theoretical information, several articles discuss the implications for the ?Standard Model? and how further tests can be done using measurements of CP violation in the B system.
Author: Cecilia Jarlskog Publisher: World Scientific ISBN: 9814632457 Category : Languages : en Pages : 733
Book Description
Contents:CP Phenomenology:Introduction to CP Violation (C Jarlskog)CP-Violation in the K0-K0-System (K Kleinknecht)The Quark Mixing Matrix, Charm Decays and B Decays (S Stone)The Question of CP Noninvariance — As Seen through the Eyes of Neutral Beauty (I I Bigi et al.)In Search of CP Noninvariance in Heavy Quark Systems (L-L Chau)CP Violation at High Energy e+e- Colliders (J Bernabéu & M B Gavela)CP Violation in the Standard Model with Four Families (A Datta & E A Paschos)CP Effects When Neutrinos are their Own Antiparticles (B Kayser)On Spontaneous CP Violation Triggered by Scalar Bosons (I I Bigi & A I Sanda)CP Violation and Left-Right Symmetry (R N Mohapatra)CP Violation and Supersymmetry (R N Mohapatra)Electric Dipole Moments (S M Barr & W H Marciano)Special Topics: The Strong CP Problem (R D Peccei)CP Violation and Cosmology (P Langacker)Nonleptonic Interactions:The 1/N Approach to Nonleptonic Weak Interactions (A J Buras)Chiral Perturbation Theory Approach to Weak Amplitudes (E de Rafael)What We Learnt from Weak Decays of Heavy Quarks (B Stech)Weak Hamiltonian on the Lattice (G Martinelli) Readership: High energy physicists. Keywords:CP Violation;Quark Mixing Matrix;Charm Decays;B Decays;Nonleptic Interactions;Heavy QuarksReview: “Similar material is most often available in journals, but the book accomplishes a valuable service in drawing it together … the one that will probably have the greatest utility and longest lifespan is the survey of B meson physics by I Bigi, V Khoze, N Uraltsev and A Sanda … Bigi et al. here provide the most thorough and readable account of the issues that I know of. I have seen no review comparable to the excellent summary of electric dipole moments by S Barr and W Marciano … the volume offers a generally readable entry into this field for a reader who has a basic background in particle physics.” John F Donoghue Science “… this book performs a very useful service for anyone active or interested in CP violation, both as a source of primary information and as a work of reference.” K J Peach J Phys. G: Nucl. Part. Phys.
Author: Thomas E Browder Publisher: World Scientific ISBN: 9814602760 Category : Languages : en Pages : 528
Book Description
CP violation is one of the most subtle effects in the Standard Model of particle physics and may be the first clue to the physics that lies beyond. Charge conjugation, C, and parity, P, are symmetries of particle interactions. C corresponds to the operation of replacing a particle by its antiparticle, while P is the operation of mirror reflection. Before 1956, it was believed that these were also symmetries of the interactions of elementary particles. In 1956, C S Wu found evidence for P violation in the weak interaction. Theorists proposed that the combination of CP would be a symmetry of the weak interaction. In 1964, Christenson, Cronin, Fitch and Turlay found the first evidence for the violation of CP symmetry in the decays of kaons.Although Kobayashi and Maskawa then showed how the Standard Model can accommodate the observed CP violation, Wolfenstein pointed out that it is also possible that there is a new interaction in addition to the usual four, called the superweak interaction, which is responsible for the asymmetry. To test this idea, the observation of a different type of asymmetry, called direct CP violation, is required; in the kaon sector, very precise measurements of the ratio of kaon decay rates are necessary. In B decay modes where a second order weak process whimisically named “penguin” interferes with another suppressed, first order “tree” amplitude, it may also be possible to observe these direct CP-violating effects.B physics and CP violation is now one of the major growth areas in high energy physics. Nearly every major high energy physics laboratory now has a project underway to observe the large CP asymmetries expected in the B sector and to test the consistency of the Standard Model. The unitarity of the Kobayashi-Maskawa mixing matrix in the Standard Model implies the existence of three phases, called alpha, beta and gamma, which can be determined by the measurements of CP asymmetries in B decays. About 200 participants gathered in Hawaii in March 1997 to discuss the progress in the field, and this important book constitutes the proceedings of that conference.
Author: I. I. Bigi Publisher: Cambridge University Press ISBN: 1139478249 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 1
Book Description
Why didn't the matter in our Universe annihilate with antimatter immediately after its creation? The study of CP violation may help to answer this fundamental question. This book presents theoretical tools necessary to understand this phenomenon. Reflecting the explosion of new results over the last decade, this second edition has been substantially expanded. It introduces charge conjugation, parity and time reversal, before describing the Kobayashi-Maskawa (KM) theory for CP violation and our understanding of CP violation in kaon decays. It reveals how the discovery of B mesons has provided a new laboratory to study CP violation with KM theory predicting large asymmetries, and discusses how these predictions have been confirmed since the first edition of this book. Later chapters describe the search for a new theory of nature's fundamental dynamics. This book is suitable for researchers in high energy, atomic and nuclear physics, and the history and philosophy of science.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 8
Book Description
Measurements of meson mixing and CP violation parameters obtained by the CDF and D0 experiments at the Fermilab Tevatron are presented. These include results on B{sub s} and D meson mixing, and searches for CP violation in the decay B 2!J/[psi]K, in mixing through semileptonic B{sub s} meson decays, and in the interference between mixing and decay in the process B{sub s} 2!J/[psi][phi].
Author: M. Giorgi Publisher: IOS Press ISBN: 1614990190 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 613
Book Description
For a long time after the discovery in 1964, by Christenson, Cronin, Fitch and Turlay, that the long-lived neutral kaon decays both into three and into two pions, which has since been taken as proof of CP violation, successive new and more precise experiments confirmed the original evidence and provided results compatible with a phenomenological description confining the CP violation to the mixing between neutral kaons and antikaons. However the Standard Model, with three generations of quarks, linking as it does CP violation to the presence of a single non trivial phase in the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa quark mixing matrix, implies that if CP violation exists at all, then it is a general property of weak interactions, appearing in transitions were amplitudes involving all three quark families interfere with each other, producing effects with a magnitude related to that of the CKM coefficients. This fact has stimulated an impressive amount of theoretical work leading in many cases to precise predictions. This publication reviews the field, from both the theoretical and experimental point of view, while planning for the forthcoming experimentation at LHC and considering possible new facilities for kaon, B meson and neutrino physics. Abstracted in Inspec
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 5
Book Description
The BABAR experiment at SLAC provides an opportunity for measurement of CP violation in B decays. A measurement of time-dependent CP violating asymmetries using exclusive B meson decays where the b quark decays to c{bar c}d (including B° 2!D*D*− and B° 2!D*{sup ±}D{sup {-+}} decays) is presented here. This is the first measurement of CP violation in a mode sensitive to the Unitarity Triangle parameter sin2[beta] outside of decays containing charmonium. It provides a comparison to measurements of sin2[beta] using b 2!c{bar c}s, and permits an observation into potential new physics sources of CP violation, such as supersymmetry, via differences between these measurements and those of B° 2!J/[psi] K{sub S}° as statistics of reconstructed neutral B decays to D{sup (*)+} D{sup (*)-} increase. The measured value of the time-dependent CP violating asymmetries are: S = 0.38 ± 0.88(stat) ± 0.12(syst) and C = -0.30 ± 0.50(stat) ± 0.13(syst) for B° 2!D*− D; S = -0.43 ± 1.41(stat) ± 0.23(syst) and C = 0.53 ± 0.74(stat) ± 0.15(syst) for B° 2!D*+ D−; and S = -0.05 ± 0.45(stat) ± 0.05(syst) and C = 0.12 ± 0.30(stat) {+-} 0.05(syst) for B° 2!D*− D+; where S corresponds to CP violation in the interference of mixing and decay and C corresponds to CP violation in decay.
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Author: Markus Röhrken
Author: Sheldon Stone
Author: Cecilia Jarlskog
Author: Thomas E Browder
Author: I. I. Bigi
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Author: M. Giorgi
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