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Author: Mark E. Victorson Publisher: ISBN: Category : Armed Forces in foreign countries Languages : en Pages : 50
Book Description
At midnight on 2 October 1990 the German Democratic Republic (GDR) ceased to exist. The following day the armed forces of the Federal Republic of Germany, the Bundeswehr, took control of the personnel, equipment, and installations of what had been the National People's Army (Nationale Volksarmee or NVA). By any reckoning this was a massive undertaking and one of great historical significance. It was massive because of the sheer amount of equipment, ammunition, and acreage for which the Bundeswehr found itself responsible in the new federal states, and it was historic because soldiers who had faced each other across a deep ideological divide for over thirty years would now be serving together. The six active divisions of the NV A, along with State Security and border forces, had been stationed in some 3,300 installations, and the GDR's military materiel legacy included 2,300 main battle tanks, 7,800 armored vehicles, 2,500 artillery pieces, 100,000 wheeled vehicles, and 300,000 tons of ammunition. 1 Securing, inventorying, and disposing of this materiel was to be a major mission for the Bundeswehr throughout its first years in the new states. Complicating this mission was the almost immediate need to support the liberation of Kuwait through materiel shipments and support of departing U.S.; units, the additional responsibility to assist the Western Group of Soviet Forces in an orderly withdrawal from German territory; and the longer-term requirement to reduce the Bundeswehr's size by almost 30 percent.
Author: Mark E. Victorson Publisher: ISBN: Category : Armed Forces in foreign countries Languages : en Pages : 50
Book Description
At midnight on 2 October 1990 the German Democratic Republic (GDR) ceased to exist. The following day the armed forces of the Federal Republic of Germany, the Bundeswehr, took control of the personnel, equipment, and installations of what had been the National People's Army (Nationale Volksarmee or NVA). By any reckoning this was a massive undertaking and one of great historical significance. It was massive because of the sheer amount of equipment, ammunition, and acreage for which the Bundeswehr found itself responsible in the new federal states, and it was historic because soldiers who had faced each other across a deep ideological divide for over thirty years would now be serving together. The six active divisions of the NV A, along with State Security and border forces, had been stationed in some 3,300 installations, and the GDR's military materiel legacy included 2,300 main battle tanks, 7,800 armored vehicles, 2,500 artillery pieces, 100,000 wheeled vehicles, and 300,000 tons of ammunition. 1 Securing, inventorying, and disposing of this materiel was to be a major mission for the Bundeswehr throughout its first years in the new states. Complicating this mission was the almost immediate need to support the liberation of Kuwait through materiel shipments and support of departing U.S.; units, the additional responsibility to assist the Western Group of Soviet Forces in an orderly withdrawal from German territory; and the longer-term requirement to reduce the Bundeswehr's size by almost 30 percent.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 60
Book Description
At midnight on 2 October 1990 the German Democratic Republic (GDR) ceased to exist. The following day the armed forces of the Federal Republic of Germany, the Bundeswehr, took control of the personnel, equipment, and installations of what had been the National People's Army (Nationale Volksarmee or NVA). By any reckoning this was a massive undertaking and one of great historical significance. It was massive because of the sheer amount of equipment, ammunition, and acreage for which the Bundeswehr found itself responsible in the new federal states, and it was historic because soldiers who had faced each other across a deep ideological divide for over thirty years would now be serving together. The six active divisions of the NV A, along with State Security and border forces, had been stationed in some 3,300 installations, and the GDR's military materiel legacy included 2,300 main battle tanks, 7,800 armored vehicles, 2,500 artillery pieces, 100,000 wheeled vehicles, and 300,000 tons of ammunition. 1 Securing, inventorying, and disposing of this materiel was to be a major mission for the Bundeswehr throughout its first years in the new states. Complicating this mission was the almost immediate need to support the liberation of Kuwait through materiel shipments and support of departing U.S.; units, the additional responsibility to assist the Western Group of Soviet Forces in an orderly withdrawal from German territory; and the longer-term requirement to reduce the Bundeswehr's size by almost 30 percent.
Author: Colonel Us Army Mark E Victorson Publisher: CreateSpace ISBN: 9781478393030 Category : Languages : en Pages : 62
Book Description
At midnight on 2 October 1990 the German Democratic Republic (GDR) ceased to exist. The following day the armed forces of the Federal Republic of Germany, the Bundeswehr, took control of the personnel, equipment, and installations of what had been the National People's Army (Nationale Volksarmee or NVA). By any reckoning this was a massive undertaking and one of great historical significance. Securing, inventorying, and disposing of this materiel was to be a major mission for the Bundeswehr throughout its first years in the new states. Complicating this mission was the almost immediate need to support the liberation of Kuwait through materiel shipments and support of departing U.S.; units, the additional responsibility to assist the Western Group of Soviet Forces in an orderly withdrawal from German territory; and the longer-term requirement to reduce the Bundeswehr's size by almost 30 percent. Of more lasting significance, however, will be the human impact of the union of the two Germanys. If the changes for West Germans have not been as dramatic, the effects have certainly been felt intensely. In the midst of the changes wrought by unification, the Bundeswehr took on missions for which its origin and history had uniquely qualified it. First, there was the self-imposed requirement to select former NVA officers and noncommissioned officers who requested active duty in the Bundeswehr and then train them to asume the functions of leaders in the armed forces of a democratic society. Second, the Bundeswehr would have to build legitimacy for the armed forces among an East German population that had learned to distrust the military. The concepts of Innere Fuehrung, or "Iner Leadership," which had stood the Bundeswehr in good stead in similar endeavors at its beginning and throughout its short history, were used again to meet these new challenges. This paper describes some of the ways these concepts aided in facilitating the dual processes of the integration of former NV A officers and noncommissioned officers into the Bundeswehr and the acceptance of the military in the new German states. It begins with a brief analysis of the concepts and their perceived strengths and weaknesses. It describes the essential differences between the Bundeswehr and the NV A leadership philosophy, political education, and outlook and also the impact the revolutionary political changes of the Turning Point and the consequent reunification had on both of these armies. After a brief discussion of the legacy of the NV A, this study describes how the concepts of Innere Fuehrung were applied to combat that legacy, the challenges faced in this endeavor, and prospects for the future. The thesis of this paper is that, despite their flaws and shortcomings, the principles of Innere Fuehrung played a key role in the early development of the Bundeswehr as an army in a democracy and in its acceptance by the civilian populace of the Federal Republic of Germany, and that these principles have promoted the same processes in the new Gennan states. Although the NV A was not the anny the Bundeswehr thought it was facing during the years of the Cold War, its true legacy is being sunnounted by leaders well-versed in Innere Fuehrung. Grave problems remain, however. A sensitive application of the concepts of Innere Fuehrung can help solve some of these problems, and, in fact, some of them mirror issues from the Bundeswehr's own history, while others, such as the economic conditions in the new states that adversely affect soldiers and civilians alike, are not amenable to correction by the military alone and therefore have the potential to undo the successes of the early pioneers to the East. The Bundeswehr can certainly lay claim to one of the few success stories of the unification, but the entire story has yet to be told.
Author: Donald Abenheim Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand ISBN: 3937885064 Category : Political Science Languages : en Pages : 266
Book Description
The present volume puts forward two propositions. First, the altered face of armed conflict in the early twenty-first century remains political in the sense that Clausewitz suggested to his readers in the early nineteenth century amid the nationalization of war and the eclipse of the old régimes of dynastic absolutist Europe. Second, this book reflects the author’s conviction that the men and women at arms of NATO and the European Union must know and understand one another within the respective national experiences of war and peace, especially as the soldier and politics evolve in and among the twenty-six NATO allies. Such knowledge forms the basis for sound policy and efficacious strategy in an age of proliferating conflict.
Author: Jan S. Breemer Publisher: Government Printing Office ISBN: 9781884733772 Category : Submarine warfare Languages : en Pages : 98
Book Description
"In Defeating the U-boat: Inventing Antisubmarine Warfare, Newport Paper 36, Jan. S. Breemer tells the story of the British response to the German submarine threat. His account of Germany's 'asymmetric' challenge (to use the contemporary term) to Britain's naval mastery holds important lessons for the United States today, the U.S. Navy in particular. The Royal Navy's obstinate refusal to consider seriously the option of convoying merchant vessels, which turned out to be key to the solution of the U-boat problem, demonstrates the extent to which professional military cultures can thwart technical and operational innovation even in circumstances of existential threat. Although historical controversy continues to cloud this issue, ... Breemer ends his lively and informative study with some general reflections on military innovation and the requirements for fostering it. "--Foreword.
Author: Patricia J Smith Publisher: Routledge ISBN: 0429982097 Category : History Languages : en Pages : 365
Book Description
Since the fall of the Berlin Wall in November 1989, Germany has faced complex challenges. The rapid introduction of political, economic, and social union in 1990 joined East and West in an experiment without precedent, as the former German Democratic Republic adopted the structures of the Federal Republic of Germany. Related issues include the ado
Author: Thomas C. Bruneau Publisher: Routledge ISBN: 0415782732 Category : History Languages : en Pages : 402
Book Description
The Routledge Handbook of Civil-Military Relations not only fills this important lacuna, but offers an up-to-date comparative analysis which identifies three essential components in civil-military relations: (1) democratic civilian control; (2) operational effectiveness; and (3) the efficiency of the security institutions. This Handbook will be essential reading for students and practitioners in the fields of civil-military relations.
Author: Frederick Zilian Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing USA ISBN: 0313070067 Category : History Languages : en Pages : 254
Book Description
At midnight on October 2, 1990, the West German armed forces took over the approximately 90,000 men comprising the National People's (East German) Army (NVA) and assumed control of its substantial arsenal. This study is an analysis of that unification from its beginning in July 1990 to the end of summer of 1993 when all applications for future service of former NVA officers and non-commissioned officers had been processed. Using numerous un-published sources and interviews, the author addresses the following areas: the organization used by the Bundeswehr and the political control exerted in the Takeover, the key decisions reached and the explanation of these decisions, the relationship of the Takeover to the new Army Structure 5 being implemented at the time, and the effect of the Takeover on the Bundeswehr's operational readiness, especially its ability to perform its new tasks identified in the spring 1991. The first scholarly study of the Takeover, this study focuses on 11 key decisions, made not only for military reasons, but also for political, economic, social, and psychological purposes. Overall, the Takeover was a success in light of the numerous goals it achieved while avoiding the outbreak of violence. The Bundeswehr achieved this success mainly because it relied on liberal democratic principles, including those comprising the unique German concept of Innere F^Duhrung (civic education and moral leadership). This book also provides an overall evaluation of the Takeover and contributes to theory-building on army amalgamations.
Author: Larissa Forster Publisher: Government Printing Office ISBN: 9781935352037 Category : Intervention (International law) Languages : en Pages : 232
Book Description
Military intervention always has been and always will be an important part of foreign policy, a tool to further national interests and influence world events. Many scholars have tried to explain the intervention behavior of states in crises, conflicts, and wars. When and why do states intervene, and what are reasons for nonintervention? What conflicts and crises are more likely to call for intervention, and why? When is intervention successful? The explanations are manifold and include political, military, economic, social, environmental, domestic, and humanitarian factors. The theoretical literature covers a gamut of realist intentions, ranging from security, power, and national interests, as guides to state action; to emphasis on international trade and economics; and to domestic politics. Some argue for explanations based on idealistic aspirations, such as democracy and human rights. Many studies focus on a mix of different reasons. From this vast field, the author has selected international crises involving any form of U.S. activity in the years 1946-2006. Within these U.S. activities, the author distinguishes between crisis response with and without naval forces, as this study intends to advance the knowledge of the use of U.S. naval forces as a response to international crises and to contribute to a better understanding of when and how the U.S. Navy is deployed.
Author: Mark E. Victorson
Author: Mark E. Victorson
Author: 
Author: Colonel Us Army Mark E Victorson
Author: 
Author: Donald Abenheim
Author: Jan S. Breemer
Author: Patricia J Smith
Author: Thomas C. Bruneau
Author: Frederick Zilian
Author: Larissa Forster