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Author: David M. De Ferranti Publisher: World Bank Publications ISBN: Category : Business & Economics Languages : es Pages : 220
Book Description
The study questions whether, after a decade of remarkable progress in trade reform, Latin America and the Caribbean really integrates into the global market, offering a promising rapid growth, and good jobs for its workers. For despite the incidence of the loosely called "knowledge economy", the concern prevails that most countries' rich natural resources, still are the determining factor for exports. Policy recommendations include fostering openness to trade, market access, and foreign direct investment flows, in addition to building human capital, institutions, and public infrastructure, without disregarding the natural advantages. To this end, policymakers should aim at developing educational systems that provide quality education, focused on lifelong learning, and training activities to build human capital. Emphasis should follow on research and development (R&D) incentives, and innovations systems, arguing that countries should experiment with taxation incentives, and subsidies to promote both private, and public investments in R&D, (dependent on the institutional capacity of governments to enforce tax laws, and monitor the quality of investments). Moreover, evidence in this report, suggests that information, and communications technology (ICT) can reduce coordination costs, enabling an effective industrialization, and market access.
Author: David M. De Ferranti Publisher: World Bank Publications ISBN: Category : Business & Economics Languages : es Pages : 220
Book Description
The study questions whether, after a decade of remarkable progress in trade reform, Latin America and the Caribbean really integrates into the global market, offering a promising rapid growth, and good jobs for its workers. For despite the incidence of the loosely called "knowledge economy", the concern prevails that most countries' rich natural resources, still are the determining factor for exports. Policy recommendations include fostering openness to trade, market access, and foreign direct investment flows, in addition to building human capital, institutions, and public infrastructure, without disregarding the natural advantages. To this end, policymakers should aim at developing educational systems that provide quality education, focused on lifelong learning, and training activities to build human capital. Emphasis should follow on research and development (R&D) incentives, and innovations systems, arguing that countries should experiment with taxation incentives, and subsidies to promote both private, and public investments in R&D, (dependent on the institutional capacity of governments to enforce tax laws, and monitor the quality of investments). Moreover, evidence in this report, suggests that information, and communications technology (ICT) can reduce coordination costs, enabling an effective industrialization, and market access.
Author: Ajar Nath Yadav Publisher: Springer Nature ISBN: 3030384535 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 496
Book Description
This book encompasses the current knowledge of plant microbiomes and their potential biotechnological application for plant growth, crop yield and soil health for sustainable agriculture. The plant microbiomes (rhizospheric, endophytic and epiphytic) play an important role in plant growth, development, and soil health. Plant and rhizospheric soil are a valuable natural resource harbouring hotspots of microbes, and it plays critical roles in the maintenance of global nutrient balance and ecosystem function. The diverse group of microbes is key components of soil–plant systems, where they are engaged in an intense network of interactions in the rhizosphere/endophytic/phyllospheric. The rhizospheric microbial diversity present in rhizospheric zones has a sufficient amount of nutrients release by plant root systems in form of root exudates for growth, development and activities of microbes. The endophytic microbes are referred to those microorganisms, which colonize in the interior of the plant parts, viz root, stem or seeds without causing any harmful effect on host plant. Endophytic microbes enter in host plants mainly through wounds, naturally occurring as a result of plant growth, or through root hairs and at epidermal conjunctions. Endophytes may be transmitted either vertically (directly from parent to offspring) or horizontally (among individuals). The phyllosphere is a common niche for synergism between microbes and plant. The leaf surface has been termed as phyllosphere and zone of leaves inhabited by microorganisms as phyllosphere. The plant part, especially leaves, is exposed to dust and air currents resulting in the establishments of typical flora on their surface aided by the cuticles, waxes and appendages, which help in the anchorage of microorganisms. The phyllospheric microbes may survive or proliferate on leaves depending on extent of influences of material in leaf diffuseness or exudates. The leaf diffuseness contains the principal nutrients factors (amino acids, glucose, fructose and sucrose), and such specialized habitats may provide niche for nitrogen fixation and secretions of substances capable of promoting the growth of plants. The microbes associated with plant as rhizospheric, endophytic and epiphytic with plant growth promoting (PGP) attributes have emerged as an important and promising tool for sustainable agriculture. PGP microbes promote plant growth directly or indirectly, either by releasing plant growth regulators; solubilization of phosphorus, potassium and zinc; biological nitrogen fixation or by producing siderophore, ammonia, HCN and other secondary metabolites which are antagonistic against pathogenic microbes. The PGP microbes belong to different phylum of archaea (Euryarchaeota); bacteria (Acidobacteria, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Deinococcus-Thermus, Firmicutes and Proteobacteria) and fungi (Ascomycota and Basidiomycota), which include different genera namely Achromobacter, Arthrobacter, Aspergillus, Azospirillum, Azotobacter, Bacillus, Beijerinckia, Burkholderia, Enterobacter, Erwinia, Flavobacterium, Gluconoacetobacter, Haloarcula, Herbaspirillum, Methylobacterium, Paenibacillus, Pantoea, Penicillium, Piriformospora, Planomonospora, Pseudomonas, Rhizobium, Serratia and Streptomyces. These PGP microbes could be used as biofertilizers/bioinoculants at place of chemical fertilizers for sustainable agriculture. The aim of “Plant Microbiomes for Sustainable Agriculture” is to provide the current developments in the understanding of microbial diversity associated with plant systems in the form of rhizospheric, endophytic and epiphytic. The book is useful to scientist, research and students related to microbiology, biotechnology, agriculture, molecular biology, environmental biology and related subjects.
Author: J.G. de Gijt Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 113800023X Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 658
Book Description
This new edition of the handbook of Quay Walls provides the reader with essential knowledge for the planning, design, execution and maintenance of quay walls, as well as general information about historical developments and lessons learned from the observation of ports in various countries. Technical chapters are followed by a detailed calculation of a quay wall based on a semi-probabilistic design procedure, which applies the theory presented earlier. Since the publication of the Dutch edition in 2003 and the English version in 2005, considerable new experience has been obtained by the many practitioners using the book, prompting the update of this handbook. Moreover, the introduction of the Eurocodes in 2012 has prompted a complete revision of the Design chapter, which is now compliant with the Eurocodes. Furthermore, additional recommendations for using FEM-analysis in quay wall design have been included. In response to ongoing discussions within the industry about buckling criteria for steel pipe piles, a thorough research project was carried out on steel pipe piles fi lled with sand and on piles without sand. The results of this research programme have also been incorporated in this new version. Finally, the section on corrosion has been updated to refl ect the latest knowledge and attention has been given to the latest global developments in quay wall engineering. The new edition was made possible thanks to the contributions of numerous experts from the Netherlands and Belgium.
Author: United Nations Publisher: Cambridge University Press ISBN: 1108298842 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 978
Book Description
The World Ocean Assessment - or, to give its full title, The First Global Integrated Marine Assessment - is the outcome of the first cycle of the United Nations' Regular Process for Global Reporting and Assessment of the State of the Marine Environment, including Socioeconomic Aspects. The Assessment provides vital, scientifically-grounded bases for the consideration of ocean issues, including climate change, by governments, intergovernmental agencies, non-governmental agencies and all other stakeholders and policymakers involved in ocean affairs. Together with future assessments and related initiatives, it will support the implementation of the recently adopted 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, particularly its ocean-related goals. Moreover, it will also form an important reference text for marine science courses.
Author: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Publisher: Cambridge University Press ISBN: 1107025060 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 593
Book Description
Extreme weather and climate events, interacting with exposed and vulnerable human and natural systems, can lead to disasters. This Special Report explores the social as well as physical dimensions of weather- and climate-related disasters, considering opportunities for managing risks at local to international scales. SREX was approved and accepted by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) on 18 November 2011 in Kampala, Uganda.
Author: Carole Huelbig Publisher: ISBN: 9780756758486 Category : Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
Will teach city kids science and encourage them to preserve wildlife habitats in their urban environment! Transforms kids into nature detectives and urban explorers. Helps students develop science skills by observing and investigating animals and plants in city habitats. Activities include: setting up feeding stations for birds, bugs, and butterflies, and a kid's journal containing rubbings of natural materials like leaves, tree bark and rocks. Developmentally appropriate activities -- using mostly inexpensive household items -- are presented with clearly stated objectives, themes, materials lists, step-by-step instructions, and explanations of the results or findings. Designed for children in grades 3-6.
Author: Kathryn E. Piquette Publisher: Ubiquity Press ISBN: 1909188263 Category : Social Science Languages : en Pages : 366
Book Description
Writing as Material Practice grapples with the issue of writing as a form of material culture in its ancient and more recent manifestations, and in the contexts of production and consumption. Fifteen case studies explore the artefactual nature of writing — the ways in which materials, techniques, colour, scale, orientation and visibility inform the creation of inscribed objects and spaces, as well as structure subsequent engagement, perception and meaning making. Covering a temporal span of some 5000 years, from c.3200 BCE to the present day, and ranging in spatial context from the Americas to the Near East, the chapters in this volume bring a variety of perspectives which contribute to both specific and broader questions of writing materialities. The authors also aim to place past graphical systems in their social contexts so they can be understood in relation to the people who created and attributed meaning to writing and associated symbolic modes through a diverse array of individual and wider social practices.
Author: David M. De Ferranti
Author: David M. De Ferranti
Author: Ajar Nath Yadav
Author: J.G. de Gijt
Author: United Nations
Author: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
Author: Air Pollution Technical Information Center
Author: Carole Huelbig
Author: Kathryn E. Piquette
Author: United States. Office of Surface Mining Reclamation and Enforcement
Author: George A. Whetstone