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Author: Gianpaolo Carosi Publisher: Springer Nature ISBN: 3030437612 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 173
Book Description
The nature of dark matter remains one of the preeminent mysteries in physics and cosmology. It appears to require the existence of new particles whose interactions with ordinary matter are extraordinarily feeble. One well-motivated candidate is the axion, an extraordinarily light neutral particle that may possibly be detected by looking for their conversion to detectable microwaves in the presence of a strong magnetic field. This has led to a number of experimental searches that are beginning to probe plausible axion model space and may reveal the axion in the near future. These proceedings discuss the challenges of designing and operating tunable resonant cavities and detectors at ultralow temperatures. The topics discussed here have potential application far beyond the field of dark matter detection and may be applied to resonant cavities for accelerators as well as designing superconducting detectors for quantum information and computing applications. This work is intended for graduate students and researchers interested in learning the unique requirements for designing and operating microwave cavities and detectors for direct axion searches and to introduce several proposed experimental concepts that are still in the prototype stage.
Author: Gianpaolo Carosi Publisher: Springer Nature ISBN: 3030437612 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 173
Book Description
The nature of dark matter remains one of the preeminent mysteries in physics and cosmology. It appears to require the existence of new particles whose interactions with ordinary matter are extraordinarily feeble. One well-motivated candidate is the axion, an extraordinarily light neutral particle that may possibly be detected by looking for their conversion to detectable microwaves in the presence of a strong magnetic field. This has led to a number of experimental searches that are beginning to probe plausible axion model space and may reveal the axion in the near future. These proceedings discuss the challenges of designing and operating tunable resonant cavities and detectors at ultralow temperatures. The topics discussed here have potential application far beyond the field of dark matter detection and may be applied to resonant cavities for accelerators as well as designing superconducting detectors for quantum information and computing applications. This work is intended for graduate students and researchers interested in learning the unique requirements for designing and operating microwave cavities and detectors for direct axion searches and to introduce several proposed experimental concepts that are still in the prototype stage.
Author: Gianpaolo Carosi Publisher: Springer ISBN: 3319927264 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 159
Book Description
The nature of dark matter remains one of the preeminent mysteries in physics and cosmology. It appears to require the existence of new particles whose interactions to ordinary matter are extraordinarily feeble. One well-motivated candidate is the axion, an extraordinarily light neutral particle that may possibly be detected by looking for their conversion to detectable microwaves in the presence of a strong magnetic field. This has led to a number of experimental searches that are beginning to probe plausible axion model space and may discover the axion in the near future. These proceedings discuss the challenges of designing and operating tunable resonant cavities and detectors at ultralow temperatures. The topics discussed here have potential application far beyond the field of dark matter detection and may be applied to resonant cavities for accelerators as well as designing superconducting detectors for quantum information and computing applications. This work is intended for graduate students and researchers interested in learning the unique requirements for designing and operating microwave cavities and detectors for direct axion searches and to introduce several proposed experimental concepts that are still in the prototype stage.
Author: Ian Stern Publisher: Dissertation Discovery Company ISBN: 9780530000046 Category : Languages : en Pages : 202
Book Description
Dissertation Discovery Company and University of Florida are dedicated to making scholarly works more discoverable and accessible throughout the world. This dissertation, "Microwave Cavities for Axion Dark Matter Detectors" by Ian Phillip Stern, was obtained from University of Florida and is being sold with permission from the author. The content of this dissertation has not been altered in any way. We have altered the formatting in order to facilitate the ease of printing and reading of the dissertation. Abstract: Nearly all astrophysical and cosmological data point convincingly to a large component of cold dark matter (CDM) in the Universe. The axion particle, first theorized as a solution to the strong charge-conjugate/parity problem of quantum chromodynamics, has been established as a prominent CDM candidate. Cosmic observation and particle physics experiments have bracketed the unknown mass of such CDM axions between approximately microelectronvolts and millielectronvolts. The Axion Dark Matter eXperiment (ADMX) is a direct-detection CDM axion search which has set limits at the KSVZ coupling of the axion to two photons for axion masses between 1.9 and 3.7 microelectronvolts. But most of the viable search-space of axions has yet to be probed. It is now evident that the current cavity design for ADMX does not provide for successful scanning above 4 microelectronvolts ( 1 gigahertz), and new microwave cavity technologies need to be developed to enable searching for CDM axions of greater mass. A broad study into factors that affect high-frequency microwave cavity was conducted in an effort to expand the capabilities of current haloscope detectors. The study evaluated the effects of symmetry breaking on axion search potential and assessed state-of-the-art cavity technologies relevant to haloscope detectors. Periodic arrays of tuning rods or vanes were evaluated for increasing the search range of haloscopes, and a prototype haloscope cavity and an in-situ mode identification technique were developed and tested. The study revealed several significant findings. The cause for frequency gaps in search modes at mode crossing is mode mixing, which occurs due to longitudinal symmetry breaking. Symmetry breaking also results in increased mode crowding, which hinders mode identification and tracking, and further increases mode mixing. Arrays of tuning rods or vanes produce tunable modes, but result in increased sensitivity to symmetry breaking, requiring advanced mode identification techniques and additional studies.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
In this paper, in an effort to extend the usefulness of microwave cavity detectors to higher axion masses, above ~8 [mu]eV (~2 GHz), a numerical trade study of cavities was conducted to investigate the merit of using variable periodic post arrays and regulating vane designs for higher-frequency searches. The results show that both designs could be used to develop resonant cavities for high-mass axion searches. Finally, multiple configurations of both methods obtained the scanning sensitivity equivalent to approximately 4 coherently coupled cavities with a single tuning rod.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
We describe the instrumentation and operations of the microwave cavity axion detector presently taking data at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory This experiment, in collaboration of LLNL, MIT, Univ of Florida, LBNL, Univ of Chicago, FNAL, and INR/Moscow, has been operating with greater than 90% live time since February 1996 with the objective of exploring the region from 0 5 to 1 9 GHz (2 1 to 7 9 æeV) at greater than KSVZ sensitivitv In a com~ & on paper (E Daw) in these proceedings, the data analysis and Iirst results will be described (See also.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 26
Book Description
This chapter will cover the search for dark matter axions based on microwave cavity experiments proposed by Pierre Sikivie. We will start with a brief overview of halo dark matter and the axion as a candidate. The principle of resonant conversion of axions in an external magnetic field will be described as well as practical considerations in optimizing the experiment as a signal-to-noise problem. A major focus of this chapter will be the two complementary strategies for ultra-low noise detection of the microwave photons--the 'photon-as-wave' approach (i.e. conventional heterojunction amplifiers and soon to be quantum-limited SQUID devices), and 'photon-as-particle' (i.e. Rydberg-atom single-quantum detection). Experimental results will be presented; these experiments have already reached well into the range of sensitivity to exclude plausible axion models, for limited ranges of mass. The section will conclude with a discussion of future plans and challenges for the microwave cavity experiment.
Author: D. Kinion Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
The author reports on the status of the Axion Dark-Matter Experiment (ADMX), the microwave-cavity-based axion search underway at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. The ADMX collaboration includes LLNL, the University of Florida, and M.I.T., and has been in operation since February, 1996.
Author: Michael T. Hotz Publisher: ISBN: Category : Axions Languages : en Pages : 165
Book Description
The axion is a hypothetical elementary particle resulting from a solution to the "Strong-CP" problem. This serious problem in the standard model of particle physics is manifested as a 1010 discrepancy between the measured upper limit and the calculated value of the neutron's electric dipole moment. Furthermore, a light (~ [mu] eV) axion is an ideal dark matter candidate: axions would have been copiously produced during the Big Bang and would be the primary component of the dark matter in the universe. The resolution of the Strong-CP problem and the discovery of the composition of dark matter are two of the most pressing problems in physics. The observation of a light, dark-matter axion would resolve both of these problems. The Axion Dark Matter eXperiment (ADMX) is the most sensitive search for dark-matter axions. Axions in our Milky Way Galaxy may scatter off a magnetic field and convert into microwave photons. ADMX consists of a tunable high-Q RF cavity within the bore of a large, 8.5 Tesla superconducting solenoidal magnet. When the cavity's resonant frequency matches the axion's total energy, the probability of axion-to-photon conversion is enhanced. The cavity's narrow bandwidth requires ADMX to slowly scan possible axion masses. A receiver amplifies, mixes, and digitizes the power developed in the cavity from possible axion-to-photon conversions. This is the most sensitive spectral receiver of microwave radiation in the world. The resulting data is scrutinized for an axion signal above the thermal background. ADMX first operated from 1995-2005 and produced exclusion limits on the energy of dark-matter axions from 1.9 [mu] eV to 3.3 [mu] eV. In order to improve on these limits and continue the search for plausible dark-matter axions, the system was considerably upgraded from 2005 until 2008. In the upgrade, the key technical advance was the use of a dc Superconducting QUantum Interference Device (SQUID) as a microwave amplifier. The SQUID amplifier's noise level is near the allowed minimum from quantum mechanics, allowing ADMX to reduce its thermal noise background by up to 100x. However, SQUIDs are extremely sensitive to magnetic fields, such as those within in ADMX. Integrating a SQUID amplifier into ADMX presented a serious technical challenge. Commissioning the SQUID amplifier was a major focus of my thesis work. This work demonstrates the successful use of a SQUID amplifier in ADMX during operations from 2008-2010. Compared to other dark-matter candidates, the axion's mass and the axion's coupling strength to normal matter and radiation are rather tightly constrained. This allows for the near-definitive elimination or detection of dark-matter axions. A successful detection in ADMX would immediately lead to a determination of the axion's spectral line shape. This shape encodes the history of the Milky Way's formation and is therefore of high scientific importance. The imperfectly-constrained Milky Way dark-matter halo, however, produces remnant uncertainties of the axion signal in both its spectral line-shape and its total intensity, complicating the ADMX search. This work investigates proposed features of dark-matter halo models which enhance ADMX's sensitivity. From these models, this work presents the corresponding exclusion limits for both the local axion density and axion-to-photon coupling strength for axions with mass in the 3.36 [mu] eV to 3.69 [mu] eV region.
Author: Gianpaolo Carosi
Author: Gianpaolo Carosi
Author: Gianpaolo Carosi
Author: Ian Stern
Author: 
Author: Darin Shawn Kinion
Author: 
Author: 
Author: D. Kinion
Author: Jaben Robert Root
Author: Michael T. Hotz