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Author: Gianpaolo Carosi Publisher: Springer ISBN: 3319927264 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 159
Book Description
The nature of dark matter remains one of the preeminent mysteries in physics and cosmology. It appears to require the existence of new particles whose interactions to ordinary matter are extraordinarily feeble. One well-motivated candidate is the axion, an extraordinarily light neutral particle that may possibly be detected by looking for their conversion to detectable microwaves in the presence of a strong magnetic field. This has led to a number of experimental searches that are beginning to probe plausible axion model space and may discover the axion in the near future. These proceedings discuss the challenges of designing and operating tunable resonant cavities and detectors at ultralow temperatures. The topics discussed here have potential application far beyond the field of dark matter detection and may be applied to resonant cavities for accelerators as well as designing superconducting detectors for quantum information and computing applications. This work is intended for graduate students and researchers interested in learning the unique requirements for designing and operating microwave cavities and detectors for direct axion searches and to introduce several proposed experimental concepts that are still in the prototype stage.
Author: Gianpaolo Carosi Publisher: Springer ISBN: 3319927264 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 159
Book Description
The nature of dark matter remains one of the preeminent mysteries in physics and cosmology. It appears to require the existence of new particles whose interactions to ordinary matter are extraordinarily feeble. One well-motivated candidate is the axion, an extraordinarily light neutral particle that may possibly be detected by looking for their conversion to detectable microwaves in the presence of a strong magnetic field. This has led to a number of experimental searches that are beginning to probe plausible axion model space and may discover the axion in the near future. These proceedings discuss the challenges of designing and operating tunable resonant cavities and detectors at ultralow temperatures. The topics discussed here have potential application far beyond the field of dark matter detection and may be applied to resonant cavities for accelerators as well as designing superconducting detectors for quantum information and computing applications. This work is intended for graduate students and researchers interested in learning the unique requirements for designing and operating microwave cavities and detectors for direct axion searches and to introduce several proposed experimental concepts that are still in the prototype stage.
Author: Gianpaolo Carosi Publisher: Springer Nature ISBN: 3030437612 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 173
Book Description
The nature of dark matter remains one of the preeminent mysteries in physics and cosmology. It appears to require the existence of new particles whose interactions with ordinary matter are extraordinarily feeble. One well-motivated candidate is the axion, an extraordinarily light neutral particle that may possibly be detected by looking for their conversion to detectable microwaves in the presence of a strong magnetic field. This has led to a number of experimental searches that are beginning to probe plausible axion model space and may reveal the axion in the near future. These proceedings discuss the challenges of designing and operating tunable resonant cavities and detectors at ultralow temperatures. The topics discussed here have potential application far beyond the field of dark matter detection and may be applied to resonant cavities for accelerators as well as designing superconducting detectors for quantum information and computing applications. This work is intended for graduate students and researchers interested in learning the unique requirements for designing and operating microwave cavities and detectors for direct axion searches and to introduce several proposed experimental concepts that are still in the prototype stage.
Author: Ian Stern Publisher: Dissertation Discovery Company ISBN: 9780530000046 Category : Languages : en Pages : 202
Book Description
Dissertation Discovery Company and University of Florida are dedicated to making scholarly works more discoverable and accessible throughout the world. This dissertation, "Microwave Cavities for Axion Dark Matter Detectors" by Ian Phillip Stern, was obtained from University of Florida and is being sold with permission from the author. The content of this dissertation has not been altered in any way. We have altered the formatting in order to facilitate the ease of printing and reading of the dissertation. Abstract: Nearly all astrophysical and cosmological data point convincingly to a large component of cold dark matter (CDM) in the Universe. The axion particle, first theorized as a solution to the strong charge-conjugate/parity problem of quantum chromodynamics, has been established as a prominent CDM candidate. Cosmic observation and particle physics experiments have bracketed the unknown mass of such CDM axions between approximately microelectronvolts and millielectronvolts. The Axion Dark Matter eXperiment (ADMX) is a direct-detection CDM axion search which has set limits at the KSVZ coupling of the axion to two photons for axion masses between 1.9 and 3.7 microelectronvolts. But most of the viable search-space of axions has yet to be probed. It is now evident that the current cavity design for ADMX does not provide for successful scanning above 4 microelectronvolts ( 1 gigahertz), and new microwave cavity technologies need to be developed to enable searching for CDM axions of greater mass. A broad study into factors that affect high-frequency microwave cavity was conducted in an effort to expand the capabilities of current haloscope detectors. The study evaluated the effects of symmetry breaking on axion search potential and assessed state-of-the-art cavity technologies relevant to haloscope detectors. Periodic arrays of tuning rods or vanes were evaluated for increasing the search range of haloscopes, and a prototype haloscope cavity and an in-situ mode identification technique were developed and tested. The study revealed several significant findings. The cause for frequency gaps in search modes at mode crossing is mode mixing, which occurs due to longitudinal symmetry breaking. Symmetry breaking also results in increased mode crowding, which hinders mode identification and tracking, and further increases mode mixing. Arrays of tuning rods or vanes produce tunable modes, but result in increased sensitivity to symmetry breaking, requiring advanced mode identification techniques and additional studies.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
In this paper, in an effort to extend the usefulness of microwave cavity detectors to higher axion masses, above ~8 [mu]eV (~2 GHz), a numerical trade study of cavities was conducted to investigate the merit of using variable periodic post arrays and regulating vane designs for higher-frequency searches. The results show that both designs could be used to develop resonant cavities for high-mass axion searches. Finally, multiple configurations of both methods obtained the scanning sensitivity equivalent to approximately 4 coherently coupled cavities with a single tuning rod.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 28
Book Description
We review the status of an ongoing large-scale search for axions which may constitute the dark matter of our Milky Way halo. The experiment is based on the microwave cavity technique proposed by Sikivie, and marks a ''second-generation'' to the original experiments performed by the Rochester-Brookhaven-Fermilab collaboration, and the University of Florida group. Sensitivity to galactic asions has been achieved, at least for one important model coupling. A remarkable breakthrough in making near-quantum Limited dc SQUID amplifiers in the several hundred megahertz range has provided the enabling technology for a major upgrade of this effort. By improving the noise temperature by more than an order of magnitude, a much more sensitive search may be carried out, greatly improving the prospects for discovering the asion.
Author: Albert Guijarro Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry ISBN: 1839162341 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 243
Book Description
This book provides an interdisciplinary review of one of the great unsolved mysteries that has fascinated scientists for over 150 years: the origin of chirality in biomolecules. It is fundamental, comprehensive and structured to be accessible for educational purposes.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
Axions are particles of small mass postulated to explain CP conservation in strong interactions. The predicted properties of axions provide an explanation for the early clustering of matter into galaxies, the mass in galactic halos, and the missing mass sufficient to close the universe. The interaction of axions with ordinary matter would be extremely weak, but axions should be detectable, because in a strong magnetic field relic axions of mass m/sub a/ would convert into microwave photons with frequency f=m/sub a/c2/h. Predictions for the frequency range from 3 and 24 GHz for relic axions which provide mass density sufficient to close the universe. We propose a laboratory search for relic axions. A specific experimental apparatus is described and system performance is estimated to illustrate the design principles. The microwave signal from axion conversion is produced in a 30 liter microwave cavity which contains dielectric phase shifting plates to give a quality factor (Q) greater than 106, and to provide the correct phasing of the microwave electric field throughout the cavity. The cavity is placed in an 8 Tesla superconducting magnet, and the signal is measured with a conventional microwave receiver employing a GaAs FET rf amplifier or Schottky diode mixer. The cavity, magnet and rf amplifier/mixer will operate at 4°K, with noise temperature between 20°K and 200°K. The system is equally effective in principle at all frequencies between 1 GHz and 100 GHz at which microwave receivers are available. The corresponding range of axion mass which can be covered is 4x10−6 eV to 4x10−4 eV. A search can be carried out over an octave of frequency in an observation time of three months with sufficient sensitivity to detect axions if they make up the galactic halo.
Author: Derek F. Jackson Kimball Publisher: Springer Nature ISBN: 3030958523 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 375
Book Description
A host of astrophysical measurements suggest that most of the matter in the Universe is an invisible, nonluminous substance that physicists call “dark matter.” Understanding the nature of dark matter is one of the greatest challenges of modern physics and is of paramount importance to our theories of cosmology and particle physics. This text explores one of the leading hypotheses to explain dark matter: that it consists of ultralight bosons forming an oscillating field that feebly interacts with light and matter. Many new experiments have emerged over the last decade to test this hypothesis, involving state-of-the-art microwave cavities, precision nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) measurements, dark matter “radios,” and synchronized global networks of atomic clocks, magnetometers, and interferometers. The editors have gathered leading experts from around the world to present the theories motivating these searches, evidence about dark matter from astrophysics, and the diverse experimental techniques employed in searches for ultralight bosonic dark matter. The text provides a comprehensive and accessible introduction to this blossoming field of research for advanced undergraduates, beginning graduate students, or anyone new to the field, with tutorials and solved problems in every chapter. The multifaceted nature of the research – combining ideas and methods from atomic, molecular, and optical physics, nuclear physics, condensed matter physics, electrical engineering, particle physics, astrophysics, and cosmology – makes this introductory approach attractive for beginning researchers as well as members of the broader scientific community. This is an open access book.
Author: Adarsh Kumar Publisher: Springer Nature ISBN: 3031046137 Category : Computers Languages : en Pages : 371
Book Description
This book states that blockchain technology provides a secure distributed, peer-to-peer, and decentralized network with advanced cryptography primitives and protocols. The important question that arises in the quantum computing world is to test the existing blockchain networks against quantum attacks and design quantum computing enabled secure blockchain solutions. This book encourages professionals from different fields to provide blockchain and quantum technology-integrated solutions that incorporate low-cost, effective QoS, fast, secure, and futuristic demands. This book has surveyed and proposed approaches that improve quantum computing and cryptography protocols. Quantum computing and quantum science are not just helpful in software but the hardware world as well. To design networks with quantum science, quantum-enabled devices like quantum memories and quantum repeaters can be useful to demonstrate for organizations. For example, designing a single quantum repeater for long-distance quantum communication is useful in reducing the network cost, and ensuring better security levels. This book has introduced the quantum computing and blockchain technology aspects, their integration approaches and future directions.
Author: Marilena Streit-Bianchi Publisher: Springer Nature ISBN: 3031056256 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 382
Book Description
Cosmology’s journey to the present day has been a long one. This book outlines the latest research on modern cosmology and related topics from world-class experts. Through it, readers will learn how multi-disciplinary approaches and technologies are used to search the unknown and how we arrived at the knowledge used and assumptions made by cosmologists today. The book is organized into four parts, each exploring a theme that has troubled humankind for centuries. Since the dawn of time, looking at the sky, humans have tried to understand their origin, the laws governing it, and what influence it all has on human life. In most ancient civilizations, astronomers embodied the power of knowledge. This knowledge was not compartmentalized, and scientists often found philosophical implications within their quests, many of which destroyed the borders between the natural sciences. Even now, as observers and scientists continue to use conjecture to generate theoretical assumptions and laws that then have to be confirmed experimentally, said theoretical and experimental searches are being linked to philosophical thinking and artistic representation, as they were up until the 18th century. This multi-disciplinary book will appeal to anyone with an interest in the fields of Astronomy, Cosmology or Physics.
Author: Gianpaolo Carosi
Author: Gianpaolo Carosi
Author: Gianpaolo Carosi
Author: Ian Stern
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Author: 
Author: Albert Guijarro
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Author: Derek F. Jackson Kimball
Author: Adarsh Kumar
Author: Marilena Streit-Bianchi