Microwave Ablation Treatment of Solid Tumors PDF Download

Author: Ping Liang
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 9401793158
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 333

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Book Description
Microwave ablation is a simple, affordable, and highly precise technique. After its successful application in treating liver tumors, it is now widely used to combat renal tumors, adrenal tumors, thyroid nodes, uterine fibroids and other solid tumors. This book presents 40 successful cases of treating these diseases. A series of picture before treatment, after treatment and from different angles is provided for each kind of tumor treatment. In each chapter, step by step operative techniques and illustrations are included. This book also examines CT, NMR and ultrasonography to evaluate the effect of microwave ablation. Editor Ping Liang, is the Director and Professor at Dept. of Interventional Ultrasound, General Hospital of PLA, Beijing, China. Editor Xiaoling Yu is Professor and Chief physician, Editor Jie Yu is Associate Chief physician at the same department.

Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0

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Book Description
Thermal ablation is a minimally-invasive procedure that is used as an alternative to surgical resection in treating early-stage solid tumors. Due to its percutaneous route of administration, thermal ablations have been shown to be associated with less bleeding, fewer complications and quicker recovery compared to surgery. While radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is currently the most common heating modality used for ablation, microwave ablations have rapidly gained traction in academic centers in recent years due to its improved heating physics. Microwave offers substantial benefits over radiofrequency ablation through faster heat generation, leading to larger and more homogenous ablation zones in highly-perfused tissue. These qualities can lead to better margins during tumor ablation and a smaller chance for tumor recurrence. However, controlling the high power and temperatures associated with microwave has remained a formidable barrier toward widespread clinical adoption. The tools used in microwave ablation, especially the antenna itself, require modifications in order to decrease shaft heating. The physics of microwave heating, which now incorporate water vaporization, needs to be accounted for in the tissue heating process. Lastly, the role of hotter ablation zones in thrombosing larger blood vessels is becoming a growing concern for physicians. This thesis aims to further our understanding of these issues.

Author: Francis Duck
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 1483288420
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 357

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Book Description
This unique reference book describes quantitatively the measured and predicted values of all the physical properties of mammalian tissue. Reported measurements are thoroughly documented and are complemented by a range of empirical mathematical models which describe the observed physical behavior of tissue.**Intended as a broad-ranging reference, this volume gives the bioengineer, physicist, radiologist, or physiologist access to a literature which may not be known in detail. It will also be of value for those concerned with the study of a range of environmental radiation hazards. Most extensive compilation of values of physical properties of tissue**Presents data for thermal, optical, ultrasonic, mechanical, x-ray, electrical, and magnetic resonance properties**Comprehensive bibliography

Author: Boris Rubinsky
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 364205420X
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 320

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Book Description
Non-thermal irreversible electroporation is a new minimally invasive surgical p- cedure with unique molecular selectivity attributes – in fact it may be considered the first clinical molecular surgery procedure. Non-thermal irreversible electro- ration is a molecular selective mode of cell ablation that employs brief electrical fields to produce nanoscale defects in the cell membrane, which can lead to cell death, without an effect on any of the other tissue molecules. The electrical fields can be produced through contact by insertion of electrode needles around the undesirable tissue and non-invasively by electromagnetic induction. This new - dition to the medical armamentarium requires the active involvement and is of interest to clinical physicians, medical researchers, mechanical engineers, che- cal engineers, electrical engineers, instrumentation designers, medical companies and many other fields and disciplines that were never exposed in their training to irreversible electroporation or to a similar concept. This edited book is designed to be a comprehensive introduction to the field of irreversible electroporation to those that were not exposed or trained in the field before and can also serve as a reference manual. Irreversible electroporation is broad and interdisciplinary. Therefore, we have made an attempt to cover every one of the various aspects of the field from an introductory basic level to state of the art.

Author: Eric van Sonnenberg
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 0387286748
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 554

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Book Description
There is an enormous sense of excitement in the communities of cancer research and cancer care as we move into the middle third of the ?rst decade of the 21st century. For the ?rst time,there is a true sense of c- ?dence that the tools provided by the human genome project will enable cancer researchers to crack the code of genomic abnormalities that allow tumor cells to live within the body and provide highly speci?c, virtually non-toxic therapies for the eradication,or at least ?rm control of human cancers. There is also good reason to hope that these same lines of inquiry will yield better tests for screening, early detection, and prev- tion of progression beyond curability. While these developments provide a legitimate basis for much op- mism, many patients will continue to develop cancers and suffer from their debilitating effects, even as research moves ahead. For these in- viduals, it is imperative that the cancer ?eld make the best possible use of the tools available to provide present day cancer patients with the best chances for cure, effective palliation, or, at the very least, relief from symptoms caused by acute intercurrent complications of cancer. A modality that has emerged as a very useful approach to at least some of these goals is tumor ablation by the use of physical or physiochemical approaches.

Author: Austin Pfannenstiel
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :

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Book Description
Cancer is a large and growing societal concern. According to the World Health Organization, one in five men and one in six women worldwide will develop cancer during their lifetime. However, some patients cannot be treated with established therapeutic modalities such as surgery, radiation, or chemotherapy because of challenges with performing these complex procedures for some tumors, the potential for complication due to other medical conditions, and/or dose limiting toxicities. Thermal ablation offers a low-cost, minimally invasive therapy that can be used to treat tumors, usually as an outpatient procedure. Of the possible thermal ablation energy modalities, microwave ablation (MWA) is gaining increasing clinical adoption due to its ability to rapidly heat large volumes of tissue, radiate through charred or other high impedance tissues, and avoid expensive and cumbersome ancillary equipment. However, a significant problem limiting MWA technologies is that the growth of the thermal treatment zone cannot be precisely targeted or visualized in real time and it is therefore extremely difficult to reliably ensure the entire tumor is fully treated without also causing unintended thermal injury to adjacent critical anatomy. This limitation leaves doctors with a difficult choice of risking undertreatment and disease recurrence or risking overtreatment and damage to critical healthy anatomy that may cause pain or life-threatening complications. The fundamental technical barrier to precise targeting, and therefore to broader MWA clinical acceptance is that all currently available MWA systems can only produce a roughly spherical, ellipsoidal, or teardrop-shaped treatment zone centered on the axis near the tip of the applicator, which is not suitable for treating tumors with irregular shapes or those located near critical anatomy. This dissertation focuses on the development of a MWA applicator and methods to achieve precise spatial control of the treatment zone during microwave ablation in diverse tissue targets. A 14-gauge directional MWA (DMWA) applicator design is presented which would allow the physician to instead place the applicator alongside the tumor and direct heat towards the target and away from nearby sensitive tissues. DMWA may also be used with multiple applicators to "bracket" the tumor and clinical margin to enable a procedure with less chance of complications and disease recurrence, or applied on the surface of a target aiming inward in an even less-invasive non-penetrating approach. Coupled electromagnetic-bioheat transfer computational models were used for design and simulation of this DMWA applicator. Proof-of-concept applicators were evaluated in ex vivo liver at 60, 80, and 100 W generator settings for 3, 5 and 10 minutes (n=4 per combination) and in vivo tissue at 80 and 100 W generator settings for 5 or 10 minutes (n=2 or 3 per combination). Mean ex vivo ablation forward depth was 8-15.5 mm. No backward heating was observed at 60 W, 3-5 minutes; directivity (the ratio of forward ablation depth to backward ablation depth) was 4.7-11.0 for the other power and time combinations. In vivo ablation forward depth was 10.3-11.5 mm and directivity was 11.5-16.1. No visible or microscopic thermal damage to non-target tissues in direct contact with the back side of the applicator was observed. As the resulting thermal treatment zone from MWA is comprised of regions exposed to direct electromagnetic heating as well as regions indirectly heated by thermal conduction from the temperature gradients created during thermal ablation, using excessive treatment power or duration during a DMWA procedure may still result in undesired heating of non-target sectors through the thermally conductive surrounding tissues. A method is presented to cycle microwave power on and off to allow blood perfusion in the surrounding tissue to cool the margins of the treatment zone and improve the directivity of the DMWA procedure. Coupled electromagnetic-bioheat transfer computational models were used to evaluate equivalent energy delivery power pulsing protocols with periods of 5, 10, or 20 seconds, duty cycles of 50, 75, or 100%, and a 100 W generator power setting. A 10 second period, 70% duty cycle, 80 W generator setting power pulsing protocol in ex vivo liver showed a 51.7% reduction in the backward ablation depth, a 2.3% increase in the forward ablation depth, and a 115.2% increase in the directivity ratio. A 10 second period, 70% duty cycle, 100 W generator setting power pulsing protocol in in vivo liver showed a 40.1% reduction in the backward ablation depth, a 1.0% reduction in the forward ablation depth, and a 59.6% increase in the directivity ratio. Once many common types of cancer metastasize, a common site to which they spread is bone. Should cancer form in the vertebral bodies, the resulting tumor growth can cause significant pain and neurological problems including paralysis. Due to the proximity of a significant amount of critical anatomy, including the spinal cord and other nerves, treating these tumors can be exceedingly challenging. DMWA may offer the ability to provide enough spatial control of the ablation zone to attempt more palliative treatments of vertebral tumors in proximity to critical nerves and the spinal cord. However, there is limited published literature describing the interactions of microwave energy in bone tissues in detail; of specific importance is the degree of microwave absorption/transmission in bone tissue relative to tissues types that would comprise metastatic disease and how that may affect the resultant size and shape of the resultant treatment zone. Presented are three-dimensional simulations of spinal DMWA treatment zones based on coupled electromagnetic-bioheat transfer computational models with tissue domains that mimic the anatomical dimensions and the biophysical properties of each different type of tissue, including cortical bone, cancellous bone, spinal cord, cartilage, and metastatic and primary tumor. DMWA experimental ablations at 80 or 120 W generator settings for 3.5 or 5 minutes with two fiber optic temperature sensors in ex vivo vertebrae showed a temperature rise of 33.5 - 63.2 °C in the vertebral body 9.5 mm from the DMWA applicator (T1) and a temperature rise of 10.8 - 32.3 °C in the spinal canal 2.5 mm from the backside of the applicator (T2). A computational model with static bone tissue biophysical properties was able to predict the temperature change in the forward direction within 3 - 7% and in the backward direction within 11 - 37% of the experimental observation. This computational model was further modified to include tissue-specific perfusion values and demonstrated two DMWA applicators operated at 80 W generator setting for 5 minutes could heat the entirety of a 2 cm metastatic tumor in the vertebral body to ablative temperature (55 °C) without exceeding 45 °C in the spinal canal.

Author: C. Bartolozzi
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3642586414
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 534

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Book Description
A comprehensive and up-to-date overview of the role of diagnostic and interventional radiology in respect of liver malignancies. Following background chapters on anatomy, epidemiology, and clinicopathologic features, each of the diagnostic imaging techniques is carefully appraised, focusing on new developments in equipment and contrast agents. The interventional therapeutic approaches to primary and secondary hepatic malignancies are then discussed in depth, as well as such special topics as liver tumors in children and hepatic transplantation. Written by leading experts from around the world, this will prove to be an indispensable source of information for both clinicians and researchers.

Author: Andrew Davies
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 0199215731
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 127

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Book Description
Cancer-related bone pain is experienced by patients with primary bone tumours such as myeloma and osteosarcoma, but is more commonly seen in patients with malignant tumours that have metastasised to bone. Bone pain is one of the most common and severe forms of pain associated with breast, prostate and lung cancer, yet little is known about the underlying mechanisms responsible for the pain. Cancer patients identify bone pain as the most disruptive cancer-related event in terms oftheir quality of life and daily functioning, and it is also associated with increased incidence of morbidity, depression, and anxiety.Part of the Oxford Pain Management Library, this volume summarises the latest evidence-based and practical information on the management of cancer-related bone pain. Chapters cover the pathophysiology and clinical features of bone pain, general principles of management and the use of opioids and other agents. It will be an invaluable reference for all health care professionals involved in the management of patients with bone pain from various disciplines including palliative care,anaesthetics, oncology and general practice.

Author: Punit Prakash
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0128205946
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 422

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Book Description
Principles and Technologies for Electromagnetic Energy Based Therapies covers the theoretical foundations of electromagnetic-energy based therapies, principles for design of practical devices and systems, techniques for in vitro and in vivo testing of devices, and clinical application examples of contemporary therapies employing non-ionizing electromagnetic energy. The book provides in-depth coverage of: pulsed electric fields, radiofrequency heating systems, tumor treating fields, and microwave heating technology. Devices and systems for electrical stimulation of neural and cardiac issue are covered as well. Lastly, the book describes and discusses issues that are relevant to engineers who develop and translate these technologies to clinical applications. Readers can access information on incorporation of preclinical testing, clinical studies and IP protection in this book, along with in-depth technical background for engineers on electromagnetic phenomena within the human body and selected therapies. It covers both engineering and biological/medical materials and gives a full perspective on electromagnetics therapies. Unique features include content on tumor treating fields and the development and translation of biomedical devices. Provides in-depth technical background on electromagnetic energy-based therapies, along with real world examples on how to design devices and systems for delivering electromagnetic energy-based therapies Includes guidance on issues that are relevant for translating the technology to the market, such as intellectual property, regulatory issues, and preclinical testing Companion site includes COMSOL models, MATLAB code, and lab protocols

Author: Wenjun Yang
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 264

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Book Description
Liver cancer is the sixth most common and the third leading cause of cancer related deaths world-wide. New cases and mortality in the U.S. have doubled during the past two decades, increasing at a rate of 3.4% per year from 2007 to 2011. Existing treatment methods for liver cancer include partial hepatectomy, embolization with chemotherapy, liver transplant, and percutaneous ablation. Percutaneous ablation is increasingly being adopted as an effective treatment method for liver cancer by thermal necrosis of cancerous tissue, with the advantage of promising treatment outcomes, and minimally invasive procedures. Previously percutaneous ablation was performed using radiofrequency ablation (RFA), which uses a local circuit loop to generate a thermal dose. To improve the heating rate and volume treated with RFA, microwave ablation (MWA) was introduced which heated local tissue by agitating water molecules using microwave energy. The key factor to yield a promising treatment outcome with MWA is to effectively monitor the ablation margin of the treated region. The guidance imaging modality for MWA, namely ultrasound B-mode imaging is not sufficient to delineate the ablated region after the MWA procedure. Thus, computed tomography (CT) is adopted as the current gold standard to determine the ablation margin by comparing the pre- and post- treatment images. However, CT scans prolong the treatment time and expose the patients to ionizing radiation. In this dissertation, an ultrasound elastography technique, which is referred to as electrode displacement elastography (EDE), is applied for monitoring clinical MWA procedures. By comparison with B-mode imaging and commercial acoustic radiation force impulse imaging (ARFI), EDE is potentially an alternative imaging modality to provide effective real-time feedback of the ablated margin, which might improve treatment outcomes with MWA. In addition, our previously introduced three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction algorithm, Sheaf of Ultrasound Planes Reconstruction (SOUPR) was applied for a phantom study to depict the ablation inclusion as a 3D volume instead of a single 2D ultrasound plane. An image fusion technique is also developed to register EDE and CT to determine the ablation margin on EDE with comparison to the current gold standard.