Microhabitat Utilization by Juvenile Chinook Salmon (Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha) in Relation to Stream Discharges in the Lower American River of California PDF Download
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Author: Terry A. Jackson Publisher: ISBN: Category : Chinook salmon Languages : en Pages : 244
Book Description
Habitats for juvenile chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) were observed at a high flow during the spring of 1989 and at a low flow during the spring of 1991 in the lower American River of California. Parameters of microhabitats in eight macrohabitats were measured. Mean column water velocity and total water depth variables were used to statistically compare juvenile chinook salmon microhabitat distributions between and among macrohabitat type/reach and flow combinations. Using mean column water velocity and total water depth as independent variables, each macrohabitat type/reach appeared to be unique. Mean column water velocity seemed to be a better descriptor of juvenile chinook salmon habitat selection than was total water depth. Riffles appeared to be the preferred macrohabitats for large non-schooling chinook salmon at both flow levels. Root wads, woody debris, and submerged terrestrial vegetation were utilized extensively and provided a significant cover for schooling chinook salmon during the high flow period. Habitat utilization by chinook salmon appears to be influenced by nonhydraulic variables. Application of models in current instream flow studies need to include factors such as water temperature and aquatic insect production.
Author: Terry A. Jackson Publisher: ISBN: Category : Chinook salmon Languages : en Pages : 244
Book Description
Habitats for juvenile chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) were observed at a high flow during the spring of 1989 and at a low flow during the spring of 1991 in the lower American River of California. Parameters of microhabitats in eight macrohabitats were measured. Mean column water velocity and total water depth variables were used to statistically compare juvenile chinook salmon microhabitat distributions between and among macrohabitat type/reach and flow combinations. Using mean column water velocity and total water depth as independent variables, each macrohabitat type/reach appeared to be unique. Mean column water velocity seemed to be a better descriptor of juvenile chinook salmon habitat selection than was total water depth. Riffles appeared to be the preferred macrohabitats for large non-schooling chinook salmon at both flow levels. Root wads, woody debris, and submerged terrestrial vegetation were utilized extensively and provided a significant cover for schooling chinook salmon during the high flow period. Habitat utilization by chinook salmon appears to be influenced by nonhydraulic variables. Application of models in current instream flow studies need to include factors such as water temperature and aquatic insect production.
Author: Erik Donofrio Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 88
Book Description
Due to overfishing, land-use change, and climate change, many freshwater salmonid populations are at risk or already imperiled. Research addressing the biological mechanisms behind habitat selection is important if these populations are to be protected and restored. A literature review of salmonid habitat selection models has shown there is a lack of habitat selection data that relate a fitness surrogate, such as energy intake, to habitat selection. Descriptive studies of habitat selection, such as comparisons between use and availability, generally cannot elucidate the actual mechanisms producing differential selection of habitats. To identify potential factors affecting the decline of Chinook Salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) in Alaska, we examined the relationship between reactive distance, prey capture success, and water velocity for juvenile Chinook Salmon and used these results test the net energy gain habitat selection model of Grossman et al. (2002). We conducted two experiments, the first with 27 fish between 58 and 84 mm standard length (SL) and weight between 2.8 and 7.5 grams, and the second using pairs of dominant and subordinate fish (i.e., larger and smaller, mean difference= 7 mm (SL)) to test for the effects of dominance on prey capture success. Using an artificial stream tank, we tested juvenile Chinook Salmon at 10 cm/s velocity increments (10 cm/s to 60 cm/s) using frozen brine shrimp (Artemia spp.) as prey. Reactive distances for single fish trials averaged 32.7 cm and did not show significant velocity effects (p=0.66). Velocity was inversely related to prey capture success in a non-linear manner (p
Author: Terry A. Jackson
Author: Terry A. Jackson
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Author: United States. Office of the Assistant Secretary of the Army (Civil Works)
Author: Elizabeth Ann Campbell
Author: Randall L. Brown
Author: Erik Donofrio
Author: Katherine L. Seefloth
Author: Paul Maslin