Microglia in the Regenerating and Degenerating Central Nervous System PDF Download

Author: Wolfgang J. Streit
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1475741391
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 326

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Book Description
The study of microglial cells has recently gained importance for those researching degeneration and regeneration. Microglia in the regenerating and degenerating CNS supports the assertion that understanding microglial biology could perhaps be pivotal for unraveling the pathogenetic mechanisms that underlie Alzheimer's disease, In addition, microglia are also critical for understanding the sequelae of traumatic brain and spinal cord injury, and for the important post-traumatic repair processes. This book gives an up to date account of the role of microglia in degeneration and regeneration of the nervous system and reviews their cell function and physiology.

Author: Raquel Ferreira
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2889661067
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 176

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Book Description
This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact.

Author: Marie-Ève Tremblay
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 1493914294
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 490

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Book Description
These past few years have witnessed a revolution in our understanding of microglia, especially since their roles in the healthy central nervous system (CNS) have started to unravel. These cells were shown to actively maintain health, in concert with neurons and other types of CNS cells, providing further insight into their involvement with diseases. Edited by two pioneers in the field, Marie-Ève Tremblay and Amanda Sierra, Microglia in health and disease aims to share with the broader scientific community some of the recent discoveries in microglia research, from a broad perspective, with a collection of 19 chapters from 52 specialists working in 11 countries across 5 continents. To set microglia on the stage, the book begins by explaining briefly who they are, what they do in the healthy and diseased CNS, and how they can be studied. The first section describes in more details their physiological roles in the maturation, function, and plasticity of the CNS, across development, adolescence, adulthood, neuropathic pain, addiction, and aging. The second section focuses on their implication in pathological conditions impairing the quality of life: neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric disorders, AIDS, and multiple sclerosis; and in leading causes of death: ischemia and stroke, neurodegenerative diseases, as well as trauma and injury.

Author: Santiago Ramón y Cajal
Publisher: History of Neuroscience
ISBN: 0195065166
Category : Nervous system
Languages : en
Pages : 977

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Book Description
This book is a reprint of an English translation of Cajal's original work, with abundant notes and commentaries by the editor. This text describes Cajal's fundamental contributions to neuroscience, which continue to be important today. It accurately details Cajal's ideas and data, and providesreaders with the opportunity to learn what Cajal thought about his research career and the significance of his observations. Excerpts from Tello's memorial lectures also provide a contemporary view of Cajal's work.

Author: Alessandro Michelucci
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2889456013
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 108

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Book Description
Microglia are essential for the development and function of the adult brain. Their ontogeny, together with the absence of turnover from the periphery and the singular environment of the central nervous system (CNS), make microglia a unique cell population compared to other tissue-macrophages. The unique properties and functions of microglial cells, such as their role in synaptic pruning or the exceptional capacity to scan the brain parenchyma and rapidly react to its perturbations, have emerged in recent years. In the coming years, understanding how microglia acquire and maintain their unique profiles in order to fulfil distinct tasks in the healthy CNS and how these are altered in disease, will be essential to develop strategies to diagnose or treat CNS disorders with an immunological component. This Research Topic covers several aspects of microglial biology, ranging from their origin and the functional role of microglia during development and lifespan, their molecular properties compared with other brain and peripheral immune cells to microglial phenotypes and functional states in neurodegenerative diseases and brain tumours. In conclusion, the present Research Topic provides a comprehensive overview of our current understanding of several cellular and molecular mechanisms that make microglia a unique immune cell population within the healthy CNS as well as under inflammatory, neurodegenerative and tumorigenic processes.

Author: Yu Tang
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2889455254
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 327

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Book Description
Microglia-mediated neuroinflammation is one of the shared prominent hallmarks among various forms of neurodegeneration. Depending on the milieu in which microglia become activated, the polarization of microglia shows to be heterogeneous with diverse functional phenotypes that range from pro-inflammatory phenotypes to immunosuppressive phenotypes. Therefore, targeting microglial polarization holds great promise for the treatment of neurodegeneration. This eBook focuses on the potential mechanisms of microglial polarization that are critically associated with a broad spectrum of neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson’s disease (PD), Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Huntington’s disease (HD), Traumatic brain injury (TBI), glaucomatous neurodegeneration and prion diseases. This topic also involves the therapeutic targeting of microglial polarization by nutritional and pharmacological modulators. Moreover, this topic describes advanced technologies employed for studying microglia. Age-related changes in microglia functions are also discussed. Overall, this eBook provides comprehensive understandings of microglial polarization in the course of neurodegeneration, linking with aging-related microglial alterations and technologies developed for microglial studies. Hopefully, it will also give comprehensive insights into various aspects of therapeutic treatment for neurodegeneration, through targeting microglial polarization.

Author: William M. Reichert
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1420009303
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 300

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Book Description
Despite enormous advances made in the development of external effector prosthetics over the last quarter century, significant questions remain, especially those concerning signal degradation that occurs with chronically implanted neuroelectrodes. Offering contributions from pioneering researchers in neuroprosthetics and tissue repair, Indwel

Author: H.D. Perez
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3540276262
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 200

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Book Description
The therapeutic options for the treatment of Multiple Sclerosis (MS) and other neurodegenerative and traumatic diseases such as spinal cord injury, Alzheimer's, Parkinson's disease, etc. have experienced enormous progress over recent years. Despite these encouraging developments, available therapies are only partially effective, and the ultimate goal is still far from being attained. Improved understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms of the pathogenesis of neurodegeneration and demyelination has led to a variety of new therapeutic targets and approaches. In addition to modulation of the inflammatory process (MS) and classical neuroprotection (stroke, AD), therapeutic approaches focusing on active remyelinization and neuronal regeneration have become increasingly important. Based on current concepts, this book summarizes new therapeutic approaches.

Author: Charanjit Kaur
Publisher: Nova Science Publishers
ISBN: 9781619422520
Category : Microglia
Languages : en
Pages : 329

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Book Description
The pioneering studies by several leading researchers in the early part of the last century first described the existence of microglial cells both in the early brain development and in pathological conditions. Microglial cells were later established to be the resident brain macrophages and immunocompetent cells present ubiquitously in the central nervous system including the retina in association with other glial cells, neurons and blood vessels. The book should be of interest to cell biologists and neuroscientists in general. Basic scientists, neuroimmunologists, neurologists, neuropathologists and neurosurgeons should find the latest information on microglial cells useful in their continued effort in searching and designing potential therapeutic strategies for treatment of neurological disease for which microglial cells are implicated.

Author: Susanna R. Var
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Microglia
Languages : en
Pages : 116

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Book Description
Currently there is no treatment for recovery of human nerve function after damage to the central nervous system (CNS). Many brain diseases and injuries involve the activation of innate immune cells to clear damaged neurons. The resident immune cells of the CNS are microglia, the primary cells that respond to infection and injury. These cells serve as key modulators of brain development and plasticity and have been shown to be important in the formation of neural connections and regeneration of neurons. This dissertation utilizes the zebrafish olfactory system as a model to investigate the ability of the adult brain to recover from damage by injuring the nose and examining the resulting effects on the brain. While the olfactory system is renowned for its ability to recover from damage, and microglia can support and shape brain tissue throughout life, the specific mechanisms of microglial involvement in olfactory system plasticity are not known. The primary objective of this dissertation is to demonstrate the role of microglia in neural regeneration after damage to the olfactory bulb and the significance of these innate immune cells in long-term functional recovery. Chapter II involves a morphological analysis of microglia that reveals varying activation states with different forms of damage, where a permanent form of injury will be compared with injury models that have a regenerative potential. Chapter III explores microglial proliferation after damage, demonstrating that there is an increase in resident microglia in the olfactory bulb from other brain regions, followed by the infiltration of peripheral macrophages, rather than local cellular proliferation. Chapter IV explores the kinetics of microglial recruitment, and how it corresponds with olfactory sensory neuron axonal degeneration and regeneration. Examination of this phenomenon will allow us to understand the microglial contribution in regeneration and lead us to potential cell-based therapies targeted at manipulating immune mechanisms involved in neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, stroke, or trauma. The body of this dissertation explores the microglial response to damage in the zebrafish, which are widely used in developmental and neuroplasticity studies, partly due to their regenerative nature. The zebrafish olfactory system is comparable in structure and function to other animals, including humans. This dissertation will further our understanding of the role of innate immune cells and inflammation in neural plasticity. These results will further our knowledge of microglial involvement in facilitating neural regeneration, with the goal of elucidating potential therapeutic models for long-term morphological and functional recovery after neuronal damage. Understanding innate immune cell behavior following neuronal damage may help to develop novel methods for treating toxic and chronic neuroinflammatory processes that are seen in brain trauma and disease.