Are you looking for read ebook online? Search for your book and save it on your Kindle device, PC, phones or tablets. Download Microbial Roles in Caves PDF full book. Access full book title Microbial Roles in Caves by Valme Jurado. Download full books in PDF and EPUB format.
Author: Valme Jurado Publisher: Frontiers Media SA ISBN: 2832551882 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 242
Book Description
Caves are dark, underground hollow spaces with relatively constant temperature, high humidity, and limited nutrients. Many caves are associated with karst topography, which is formed by the dissolution of soluble bedrock, such as limestone, dolomite and gypsum, in areas where groundwaters are undersaturated with respect to the minerals in the host rock. Karst landforms spread widely, accounting for approximately 20% of the earth’s dry ice-free surface (Ford and Williams, 2007). As a typical feature of subsurface landscape, karst caves develop globally, with over 50,000 distributed in the United States (Barton and Jurado, 2007). China also has a large contiguous karst terrain, and the Yunnan–Guizhou plateau in the southwest developed most karst caves, among which the longest cave exceeds 138 km (Zhang and Zhu, 2012). Many caves are relatively shallow and form near the water table in karst terranes, although some caves develop by deep-seated hypogenic process at substantial depths and by process other than dissolution such as lava flows. Caves are oligotrophic ecosystems with less than 2 mg of total organic carbon per liter, yet host flourishing microbial groups (Figure 1A), with an average number of 106 microbial cells per gram of cave rock (Barton and Jurado, 2007). The study revealed a high diversity within Bacteria domain and Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria were abundant in oligotrophic cave samples of air, rock, sediment and water. Chloroflexi, Planctomycetes, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Acidobacteria, Nitrospirae, Gemmatimonadetes, and Verrucomicrobia also accounted for large proportions of the total microbial community in caves (Wu et al., 2015; Zhu et al., 2019). In some organic cave samples such as biofilms in sulfur cave, bat guanos, spiders’ webs and earthworm castings, Mycobacterium was prevalently detected (Modra et al., 2017; Sarbu et al., 2018; Hubelova et al., 2021; Pavlik et al., 2021). Over 500 genera of fungi, such as Penicillium, Aspergillus and Mortierella have been reported in caves (Vanderwolf et al., 2013), and new fungal species were identified from cave air, rock, sediment and water samples (Zhang et al., 2017, 2021). These microbial communities contain novel diversity, and promote important biogeochemical processes. With no sunlight, microorganisms in cave environment cannot perform photosynthesis, and are intensively involved in the biogeochemical cycles of carbon, nitrogen, sulfur, and metals such as Fe and Mn to offset the lack of exogenous nutrients and energy.
Author: Valme Jurado Publisher: Frontiers Media SA ISBN: 2832551882 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 242
Book Description
Caves are dark, underground hollow spaces with relatively constant temperature, high humidity, and limited nutrients. Many caves are associated with karst topography, which is formed by the dissolution of soluble bedrock, such as limestone, dolomite and gypsum, in areas where groundwaters are undersaturated with respect to the minerals in the host rock. Karst landforms spread widely, accounting for approximately 20% of the earth’s dry ice-free surface (Ford and Williams, 2007). As a typical feature of subsurface landscape, karst caves develop globally, with over 50,000 distributed in the United States (Barton and Jurado, 2007). China also has a large contiguous karst terrain, and the Yunnan–Guizhou plateau in the southwest developed most karst caves, among which the longest cave exceeds 138 km (Zhang and Zhu, 2012). Many caves are relatively shallow and form near the water table in karst terranes, although some caves develop by deep-seated hypogenic process at substantial depths and by process other than dissolution such as lava flows. Caves are oligotrophic ecosystems with less than 2 mg of total organic carbon per liter, yet host flourishing microbial groups (Figure 1A), with an average number of 106 microbial cells per gram of cave rock (Barton and Jurado, 2007). The study revealed a high diversity within Bacteria domain and Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria were abundant in oligotrophic cave samples of air, rock, sediment and water. Chloroflexi, Planctomycetes, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Acidobacteria, Nitrospirae, Gemmatimonadetes, and Verrucomicrobia also accounted for large proportions of the total microbial community in caves (Wu et al., 2015; Zhu et al., 2019). In some organic cave samples such as biofilms in sulfur cave, bat guanos, spiders’ webs and earthworm castings, Mycobacterium was prevalently detected (Modra et al., 2017; Sarbu et al., 2018; Hubelova et al., 2021; Pavlik et al., 2021). Over 500 genera of fungi, such as Penicillium, Aspergillus and Mortierella have been reported in caves (Vanderwolf et al., 2013), and new fungal species were identified from cave air, rock, sediment and water samples (Zhang et al., 2017, 2021). These microbial communities contain novel diversity, and promote important biogeochemical processes. With no sunlight, microorganisms in cave environment cannot perform photosynthesis, and are intensively involved in the biogeochemical cycles of carbon, nitrogen, sulfur, and metals such as Fe and Mn to offset the lack of exogenous nutrients and energy.
Author: Oana Teodora Moldovan Publisher: Springer ISBN: 3319988522 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 536
Book Description
Cave organisms are the ‘monsters’ of the underground world and studying them invariably raises interesting questions about the ways evolution has equipped them to survive in permanent darkness and low-energy environments. Undertaking ecological studies in caves and other subterranean habitats is not only challenging because they are difficult to access, but also because the domain is so different from what we know from the surface, with no plants at the base of food chains and with a nearly constant microclimate year-round. The research presented here answers key questions such as how a constant environment can produce the enormous biodiversity seen below ground, what adaptations and peculiarities allow subterranean organisms to thrive, and how they are affected by the constraints of their environment. This book is divided into six main parts, which address: the habitats of cave animals; their complex diversity; the environmental factors that support that diversity; individual case studies of cave ecosystems; and of the conservation challenges they face; all of which culminate in proposals for future research directions. Given its breadth of coverage, it offers an essential reference guide for graduate students and established researchers alike.
Author: Koki Horikoshi Publisher: Wiley-Liss ISBN: Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 344
Book Description
This text is devoted to a particular class of microbe & focuses on its ecology, systematics, physiological & molecular biology. Also included is a discussion of potentially exploitable biotechnological & industrial uses for extremophiles.
Author: Surajit de Mandal Publisher: Academic Press ISBN: 0128212667 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 624
Book Description
Microorganisms are a major part of the Earth's biological diversity. Although a lot of research has been done on microbial diversity, most of it is fragmented. This book creates the need for a unified text to be published, full of information about microbial diversity from highly reputed and impactful sources. Recent Advancements in Microbial Diversity brings a comprehensive understanding of the recent advances in microbial diversity research focused on different bodily systems, such as the gut. Recent Advancements in Microbial Diversity also discusses how the application of advanced sequencing technologies is used to reveal previously unseen microbial diversity and show off its function. - Gives insight into microbial diversity in different bodily systems - Explains novel approaches to studying microbial diversity - Highlights the use of omics to analyze the microbial community and its functional attributes - Discusses the techniques used to examine microbial diversity, including their applications and respective strengths and weaknesses
Author: Alexander Loy Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 9048192048 Category : Science Languages : fr Pages : 445
Book Description
The interaction of microorganisms with geological activities results in processes influencing development of the Earth’s geo- and biospheres. In assessing these microbial functions, scientists have explored short- and longterm geological changes attributed to microorganisms and developed new approaches to evaluate the physiology of microbes including microbial interaction with the geological environment. As the field of geomicrobiology developed, it has become highly interdisciplinary and this book provides a review of the recent developments in a cross section of topics including origin of life, microbial-mineral interactions and microbial processes functioning in marine as well as terrestrial environments. A major component of this book addresses molecular techniques to evaluate microbial evolution and assess relationships of microbes in complex, natural c- munities. Recent developments in so-called ‘omics’ technologies, including (meta) genomics and (meta)proteomics, and isotope labeling methods allow new insights into the function of microbial community members and their possible geological impact. While this book summarizes current knowledge in various areas, it also reveals unresolved questions that require future investigations. Information in these chapters enhances our fundamental knowledge of geomicrobiology that contributes to the exploitation of microbial functions in mineral and environmental biotechn- ogy applications. It is our hope that this book will stimulate interest in the general field of geomicrobiology and encourage others to explore microbial processes as applied to the Earth.
Author: David C. Culver Publisher: Oxford University Press ISBN: 0192552767 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 336
Book Description
The second edition of this widely cited textbook continues to provide a concise but comprehensive introduction to cave and subterranean biology, describing this fascinating habitat and its biodiversity. It covers a range of biological processes including ecosystem function, evolution and adaptation, community ecology, biogeography, and conservation. The authors draw on a global range of examples and case studies from both caves and non-cave subterranean habitats. One of the barriers to the study of subterranean biology has been the extraordinarily large number of specialized terms used by researchers; the authors explain these terms clearly and minimize the number that they use. This new edition retains the same 10 chapter structure of the original, but the content has been thoroughly revised and updated throughout to reflect the huge increase in publications concerning subterranean biology over the last decade.
Author: Annette Summers Engel Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG ISBN: 3110389525 Category : Nature Languages : en Pages : 407
Book Description
The earth's subsurface contains abundant and active microbial biomass, living in water, occupying pore space, and colonizing mineral and rock surfaces. Caves are one type of subsurface habitat, being natural, solutionally- or collapse-enlarged openings in rock. Within the past 30 years, there has been an increase in the number of microbiology studies from cave environments to understand cave ecology, cave geology, and even the origins of life. By emphasizing the microbial life of caves, and the ecological processes and geological consequences attributed to microbes, this book provides the first authoritative and comprehensive account of the microbial life of caves for students, professionals, and general readers.
Author: Stephen E. Kesler Publisher: Geological Society of America ISBN: 0813711983 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 350
Book Description
"The history of Earth's early atmosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere, from Hadean through Proterozoic time, is one of geology's enduring puzzles. Ore deposits provide important insights into this history because they contain elements and minerals that are highly sensitive to the geochemical environment in which they form. Just what these minerals tell us remains a matter of considerable debate, however. When and how did life develop, an oxygen-rich atmosphere form, and sulfate dominate the ocean? This volume contains reports on these questions from both sides of the aisle for iron and manganese formations, uranium paleoplacers and hydrothermal deposits, and exhalative sulfides and oxides."--Publisher's website.
Author: Katerina Dontsova Publisher: John Wiley & Sons ISBN: 1119413303 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 336
Book Description
Elements move through Earth's critical zone along interconnected pathways that are strongly influenced by fluctuations in water and energy. The biogeochemical cycling of elements is inextricably linked to changes in climate and ecological disturbances, both natural and man-made. Biogeochemical Cycles: Ecological Drivers and Environmental Impact examines the influences and effects of biogeochemical elemental cycles in different ecosystems in the critical zone. Volume highlights include: Impact of global change on the biogeochemical functioning of diverse ecosystems Biological drivers of soil, rock, and mineral weathering Natural elemental sources for improving sustainability of ecosystems Links between natural ecosystems and managed agricultural systems Non-carbon elemental cycles affected by climate change Subsystems particularly vulnerable to global change The American Geophysical Union promotes discovery in Earth and space science for the benefit of humanity. Its publications disseminate scientific knowledge and provide resources for researchers, students, and professionals. Find out more about this book from this Q&A with the Author. Book Review: http://www.elementsmagazine.org/archives/e16_6/e16_6_dep_bookreview.pdf
Author: Institute of Medicine Publisher: National Academies Press ISBN: 0309264324 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 633
Book Description
Beginning with the germ theory of disease in the 19th century and extending through most of the 20th century, microbes were believed to live their lives as solitary, unicellular, disease-causing organisms . This perception stemmed from the focus of most investigators on organisms that could be grown in the laboratory as cellular monocultures, often dispersed in liquid, and under ambient conditions of temperature, lighting, and humidity. Most such inquiries were designed to identify microbial pathogens by satisfying Koch's postulates.3 This pathogen-centric approach to the study of microorganisms produced a metaphorical "war" against these microbial invaders waged with antibiotic therapies, while simultaneously obscuring the dynamic relationships that exist among and between host organisms and their associated microorganisms-only a tiny fraction of which act as pathogens. Despite their obvious importance, very little is actually known about the processes and factors that influence the assembly, function, and stability of microbial communities. Gaining this knowledge will require a seismic shift away from the study of individual microbes in isolation to inquiries into the nature of diverse and often complex microbial communities, the forces that shape them, and their relationships with other communities and organisms, including their multicellular hosts. On March 6 and 7, 2012, the Institute of Medicine's (IOM's) Forum on Microbial Threats hosted a public workshop to explore the emerging science of the "social biology" of microbial communities. Workshop presentations and discussions embraced a wide spectrum of topics, experimental systems, and theoretical perspectives representative of the current, multifaceted exploration of the microbial frontier. Participants discussed ecological, evolutionary, and genetic factors contributing to the assembly, function, and stability of microbial communities; how microbial communities adapt and respond to environmental stimuli; theoretical and experimental approaches to advance this nascent field; and potential applications of knowledge gained from the study of microbial communities for the improvement of human, animal, plant, and ecosystem health and toward a deeper understanding of microbial diversity and evolution. The Social Biology of Microbial Communities: Workshop Summary further explains the happenings of the workshop.
Author: Valme Jurado
Author: Valme Jurado
Author: Oana Teodora Moldovan
Author: Koki Horikoshi
Author: Surajit de Mandal
Author: Alexander Loy
Author: David C. Culver
Author: Annette Summers Engel
Author: Stephen E. Kesler
Author: Katerina Dontsova
Author: Institute of Medicine