Methods for the Control of Meloidogyne Hapla PDF Download

Author: Sheryl A. Bogert
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Nematode diseases of plants
Languages : en
Pages : 184

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Author: Sheryl A. (Sheryl Anne) Bogert
Publisher: National Library of Canada
ISBN:
Category : Nematode diseases of plants
Languages : en
Pages : 184

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Author: Amanda D. Howland
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Electronic dissertations
Languages : en
Pages : 0

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The United States floriculture industry was valued at $6.43 billion in 2021, with Michigan being the third largest producer, producing 10% of all ornamental plants in the United States. A major constraint to the production of bare-rooted ornamental plants grown in the field are plant-parasitic nematodes. In Michigan, plant-parasitic nematodes cause millions of dollars in economic loss each year in the state's $104.7 billion agriculture industry. In the northern United States and Canada, the northern root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne hapla, is the most economically important perennial ornamental pathogen. While this is a known major pathogen of daylily production, one of top commodities in ornamental plant production in Michigan, very little is known about its impact in daylily production fields or how to effectively manage this pest. There are only two main management strategies for M. hapla in ornamental plant fields: hot water dips and preplant fumigation, both of which do not control M. hapla the entire production cycle and are therefore only semi-effective. Therefore, research was conducted to determine alternative management strategies to manage M. hapla in daylily production fields, with the goal to prevent yield loss and exportation rejection, and reduce the economic burden of this pest. Three multi-year field trials at a commercial nursery in Zeeland, MI, and several greenhouse experiments at Michigan State University's Plant Greenhouses, East Lansing, MI, were conducted to test several different management options and combination of management options to find the best new management strategies to control M. hapla in ornamental plant fields. The results of these studies demonstrate that there are more effective solutions for M. hapla management in ornamental plant field production compared to current practices and highlight three new management options: Indemnify as a soil drench, Majestene 304, and TerraClean 5.0 have been shown to provide the best M. hapla management in daylily fields, with a reduction in M. hapla population levels by 39.5%, 34.7%, and 28.8%, respectively, compared to the control. Indemnify also reduced the number of galled roots by 80% compared to the control plants, which is considerable and can lead to less fields being quarantined and fewer shipment rejections, significantly increasing the profits of the ornamental plant industry. The Indemnify treatment was additionally shown to have a significant positive effect on plant growth, producing plants with some of the largest overall plant biomass, such as plant heights, shoot weights, crown widths, and, most importantly, yield. Plants where Indemnify was applied as a soil drench always had higher yields (on average 41.3% higher) compared to the control plants and higher yields (on average 40% higher) compared to Telone II fumigation. These experiments also show that the annual application of treatments throughout the production cycle is crucial and provides significantly better M. hapla management compared to current practices, which only focuses on managing nematodes at the beginning of the production cycle. Most importantly, these trials show that there was no impact on plant growth, health, and yield from annual treatment applications. Even though M. hapla is well established in these monoculture, long-term ornamental plant fields, a trial determining possible soil suppression showed that natural suppression may not be occurring in ornamental plant fields in Michigan, but more experiments are needed. Two greenhouse trials tested the damage potential and host status of Hemerocallis spp. to M. hapla and Paratylenchus spp., and determined the threshold level of M. hapla. These greenhouse experiments show that daylily is an excellent host to M. hapla, with a threshold level as low as 13 M. hapla/100 cm3 soil. The data also suggests that even though M. hapla affects plant growth, daylily plants may actually be tolerant to M. hapla; over the length of the daylily growth cycle, the plants became more tolerant of its feeding and grew to similar sizes of the nematode-free plants. Lastly, daylily was shown to not be a host to Paratylenchus spp., and therefore, these nematodes do not need to be included in management decisions. Through the application of the new alternative and more sustainable management strategies described in this dissertation, M. hapla can be effectively and efficiently managed in ornamental plant fields leading to a significant advancement in the floriculture industry in Michigan, the northern United States, and Canada.

Author: Charalambos Panayi
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Nematode diseases of plants
Languages : en
Pages : 338

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Author: C. Panayi
Publisher: National Library of Canada
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 474

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Author: Katherine Elizabeth East
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 151

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Poor vine establishment in replant situations has been attributed to plant-parasitic nematodes; in Washington wine grape vineyards, the northern root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne hapla, is one of the most prevalent plant-parasitic nematode species. There is limited information on the life-cycle of M. hapla in vineyards, as well as the performance of pre-plant soil fumigation as a management tool and the performance of most grape rootstocks against this nematode species. This research was conducted to examine the life cycle of M. hapla in vineyards and evaluate chemical and cultural control methods for M. hapla. A model for the infective M. hapla life stage, the second stage juvenile (J2), was constructed using soil growing degree days calculated from a base temperature of 0℗ʻC (GDDsoil). Meloidogyne hapla appears to undergo a single generation per year, with J2 population densities peaking between October and March (4291-4881 GDDsoil), then declining to a low in late June to early July (1895-2379 GDDsoil). Egg and fine root densities peaked in late July to August (2379-2871 GDDsoil and 2871-3069 GDDsoil, respectively). To determine fumigation and rootstock effects on plant-parasitic nematodes, a trial was established evaluating nematode-resistant rootstocks in a commercial vineyard, planted into replicated plots of fumigated (metam sodium), nonfumigated, and 'nonfumigated + M. hapla' soils. Fumigation reduced M. hapla soil densities only for the first year after application; 1.5 years after application M. hapla densities recovered to pre-fumigation levels in own-rooted treatments, and there was no difference in M. hapla density between fumigation treatments. Rootstocks were poor hosts for M. hapla compared to own rooted vines, but all rootstocks supported M. hapla reproduction after one year. Similarly, rootstocks established as part of an establishment field trial with varying initial densities of M. hapla were also poor hosts, however, M. hapla was capable of reproducing on all rootstocks. A second establishment trial planted to own-rooted V. vinifera examining late-season irrigation stress as a method for management of M. hapla was less successful, as there was no difference in M. hapla J2 densities between irrigation treatments. Overall, rootstocks have the most potential for managing M. hapla in Washington vineyards.

Author:
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 012417180X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 461

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Advances in Botanical Research publishes in-depth and up-to-date reviews on a wide range of topics in plant sciences. Currently in its 73rd volume, the series features several reviews by recognized experts on all aspects of plant genetics, biochemistry, cell biology, molecular biology, physiology and ecology. This thematic volume features reviews on molecular and developmental aspects of the compatible plant-nematode interaction. The contributors all actively work in the field of molecular genetics and genomics of plant parasitic nematodes and nematode feeding sites. Reviews focus on molecular and physiological aspects of nematode feeding site development and includes specific chapters on nematode effectors as well as plant responses. - Publishes in-depth and up-to-date reviews on a wide range of topics in plant sciences - This volume features reviews of the fast moving field of compatible interaction between plants and sedentary endo-parasitic nematodes - A strong focus on molecular and physiological aspects of nematode feeding site development and includes specific chapters on nematode effectors as well as plant responses

Author: David Edward Babineau
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 64

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Author: Celia Holland
Publisher: Newnes
ISBN: 012397285X
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 461

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This book tackles a number of different perspectives concerning the parasitic helminth Ascaris, both in animals and in humans and the disease known as ascariasis. It seeks to identify interesting, exciting and novel aspects, which will interest readers from a broad range of disciplines.Over a quarter of the world's population are infected with the human roundworm, and the equivalent in pigs is equally ubiquitous. Both contribute to insidious and chronic nutritional morbidity, and this has been quantified, in humans, as disability adjusted life years approximating 10.5 million. Ascaris larvae develop in host parenteral tissues, and the resultant pathology has been condemnation. Ascariasis, despite its staggering global prevalence and the sheer numbers of people it infects, remains a classic neglected disease. However, renewed interest in the consequences of early infection with worms from the perspective of immune modulation, co-infections and the development of allergy further enhances the relevance of these parasites. - Brings together a wide range of topics and approaches and recent, comprehensive and progressive research concerning the neglected parasite Ascaris - Provides a blueprint of how a single parasite entity can stimulate interest in basic biology, clinical science, veterinary science, public health and epidemiology - Presents a wealth of new insights given that a book on this parasite has not been published for over 20 years - 16 chapters from a range of top authors from around the world

Author: G. Kalloo
Publisher: Newnes
ISBN: 0080984665
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 846

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Genetic improvement has played a vital role in enhancing the yield potential of vegetable crops. There are numerous vegetable crops grown worldwide and variable degrees of research on genetics, breeding and biotechnology have been conducted on these crops. This book brings together the results of such research on crops grouped as alliums, crucifers, cucurbits, leaf crops, tropical underground and miscellaneous. Written by eminent specialists, each chapter concentrates on one crop and covers cytology, genetics, breeding objectives, germplasm resources, reproductive biology, selection breeding methods, heterosis and hybrid seed production, quality and processing attributes and technology. This unique collection will be of great value to students, scientists and vegetable breeders as it provides a reference guide on genetics, breeding and biotechnology of a wide range of vegetable crops.