Author: Edoardo MilanaPublisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
Book Description
Metachronal Patterns in Artificial Cilia for Low Reynolds Number Fluid Propulsion
Author: Edoardo MilanaArtificial Cilia
Author: Jaap MJ den ToonderPublisher: Royal Society of Chemistry
ISBN: 1849737096
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 279
Book Description
Cilia are tiny hairs covering biological cells to generate and sense fluid flow. Millions of years of evolution have inspired a novel technology which is barely a decade old. Artificial cilia have been developed to control and sense fluid flow in microscopic systems, presenting new and interesting options for flow control in lab-on-a-chip devices. This appealing link between nature and technology has seen rapid development in the last few years, and this book presents a review of the state-of-the-art in the form of a professional reference book. The editors have pioneered the field, having initiated a major European project on this topic soon after its inception. Active researchers in academia and industry will benefit from the comprehensive nature of this book, while postgraduates and those new to the field will gain a clear understanding of the theory, techniques and applications of artificial cilia.
Artificial Cilia
Author: Jaap M. J. den ToonderPublisher: Royal Society of Chemistry
ISBN: 1849735972
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 279
Book Description
This book gives an overview of the research field of artificial cilia, a novel technology for controlling and sensing fluid flow at microscopic scales. This field is inspired by nature, namely by naturally occurring cilia which are tiny hairs covering biological cells and that are used already for over a billion years by nature to generate and sense fluid flow. The research field started less than a decade ago and has grown fast in recent years, since it offers very interesting options for flow control in lab-on-a-chip devices.
Modeling and Simulation in Polymers
Author: Purushottam D. GujratiPublisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 9783527630264
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 564
Book Description
Filling a gap in the literature and all set to become the standard in this field, this monograph begins with a look at computational viscoelastic fluid mechanics and studies of turbulent flows of dilute polymer solutions. It then goes on discuss simulations of nanocomposites, polymerization kinetics, computational approaches for polymers and modeling polyelectrolytes. Further sections deal with tire optimization, irreversible phenomena in polymers, the hydrodynamics of artificial and bacterial flagella as well as modeling and simulation in liquid crystals. The result is invaluable reading for polymer and theoretical chemists, chemists in industry, materials scientists and plastics technologists.
Individually-controllable Magnetic Artificial Cilia for Microfluidic Manipulation Tasks
Author: Nathan BankaPublisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 203
Book Description
This thesis presents the design, modeling, and control of a magnetic artificial cilia system in which the cilia are individually controllable. In nature, cilia exhibit metachronal waves, or a phase difference between adjacent cilia that results in a traveling wave, which may improve pumping performance or efficiency of biological cilia. However, existing magnetic artificial cilia devices typically use actuation by a rotating field generated by Helmholtz coils or by a rotating permanent magnet. These field sources cannot apply a phase shift to the cilia array and therefore cannot generate a metachronal wave. Nevertheless, magnetic actuation remains desirable for cilia devices as it allows for biocompatibility, precise control of sys- tem inputs, and low-cost fabrication of the cilia. In this thesis, a new design for magnetic artificial cilia is presented in which the actuating magnetic field is localized, enabling indi- vidual actuation. However, this design decision leads to challenging research problems in input-pattern identification, nonlinear systems modeling, and control. In addressing these challenges, the contributions of this thesis are to (i) demonstrate that individual control can improve performance in cilia-based devices, (ii) present accurate nonlinear models for pre- dicting the static response, and (iii) develop a machine-learning-based system identification and control strategy for output tracking.
Fluid-structure Interaction of Slender Biofilaments at Low Reynolds Numbers
Author: Mehrad MortazaviPublisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 168
Book Description
Some hair-like biofilaments such as cilia and flagella, experience structural instability that results in complex dynamic behaviors. They deform due to active shearing or movement of molecular motors along the filament. This is also a reason for the wave-like motion of the microorganism in its surrounding fluid. Predicting the beating pattern of such elastic slender filaments in a dissipative viscous liquid at low Reynolds numbers requires a robust computational model that can both capture the dynamics of an elastic filament as well as the hydrodynamic interactions between the structure and the fluid. To address such an elastohydrodynamic problem, we have developed a computational rod model to capture the structural dynamics of an elastic filament. We then use slender body theory (SBT) to determine the hydrodynamic interactions of the filament with the viscous fluid and combine it with our computational rod model. At low Reynolds numbers where the Stokes equations govern the motion of the fluid, viscous forces are dominant over inertial forces, which results in a linear relationship between the hydrodynamic drag force and the cross-sectional velocity of the filament. However, depending on the shape of the filament, the drag coefficient on each cross-section can vary along the centerline. Not only the shape but the presence of other no-slip boundaries such as a rigid plane wall or another nearby slender object can affect both the magnitude and the distribution of the hydrodynamic drag force across the centerline of the filament. However, the SBT model is capable of handling such nonlocal hydrodynamic interactions between the filament, the wall, and the fluid. We provide an iterative spatio-temporal procedure through which we obtain the hydrodynamic drag forces and the shape of the filament at each time step. The fluid-structure interaction model presented here can be used to mimic the motion of actual cilia, flagella. However, as an additional contribution, we analyzed the accuracy of the slender body formulations. Although SBT is computationally faster than other hydrodynamic drag models, it may not provide accurate solutions for filaments with a small length-over-radius ratio. Thus, to estimate the error associated with the SBT at different slenderness ratios, we employ a computational fluid dynamic solver (CFD) and compare the results.
Active Biohybrid Nanostructures For Biomedical Applications
Author: Vincent Mauricio KadiriPublisher: Cuvillier Verlag
ISBN: 3736965508
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 199
Book Description
Nanostructures, especially biohybrid nanostructures have long been imagined as promising carriers in (bio)medical applications such as drug and gene delivery. However, few nanomedical applications, apart from liposomes, have seen widespread adoption. All available biomedical nanosystems to date rely on passive diffusion for their dispersal and very few studies demonstrate chemical targeting. Nature, on the other hand, has evolved many ways of combining highly specific targeting and active microscale motion, e.g., chemotaxis, magnetotaxis, and phototaxis of bacteria and microorganisms. In order to realize synthetic nanostructures and systems that can rival natural ones, a number of challenges still lie ahead of us. In this thesis, the author introduces examples of bioinspired and biohybrid nanostructures that address some of these challenges. Two material platforms are developed in this thesis, one based on M13 bacteriophages and one on FePt-based nanomotors. These systems can be viewed as very different but equally promising active biohybrid nanostructures. The introduced active biohybrid nanostructures are completely biocompatible and in the case of FePt nanodevices also enable precise actuated motion and targeting. The tools presented in this thesis are general and may help in the development of new biohybrid nanodevices for biomedical applications and therapies.
Journal of the Physical Society of Japan
Author: Restless Creatures
Author: Matt WilkinsonPublisher: Basic Books
ISBN: 046509869X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 309
Book Description
From flying pterodactyls to walking primates, the story of life as told through the evolution of locomotion. Most of us never think about how we get from one place to another. For most people, putting one foot in front of the other requires no thought at all. Yet the fact that we and other species are able to do so is one of the great triumphs of evolution. To truly understand how life evolved on Earth, it is crucial to understand movement. Restless Creatures makes the bold new argument that the true story of evolution is the story of locomotion, from the first stirrings of bacteria to the amazing feats of Olympic athletes. By retracing the four-billion-year history of locomotion, evolutionary biologist Matt Wilkinson shows how the physical challenges of moving from place to place-when coupled with the implacable logic of natural selection-offer a uniquely powerful means of illuminating the living world. Whales and dolphins look like fish because they have been molded by the constraints of underwater locomotion. The unbending physical needs of flight have brought bats, birds, and pterodactyls to strikingly similar anatomies. Movement explains why we have opposable thumbs, why moving can make us feel good, how fish fins became limbs, and even why-classic fiction notwithstanding-there are no flying monkeys nor animals with wheels. Even plants aren't immune from locomotion's long reach: their seeds, pollen, and very form are all determined by their aptitude to disperse. From sprinting cheetah to spinning maple fruit, soaring albatross to burrowing worm, crawling amoeba to running human-all are the way they are because of how they move. There is a famous saying: "nothing in biology makes sense unless in the light of evolution." As Wilkinson makes clear: little makes sense unless in the light of locomotion. A powerful yet accessible work of evolutionary biology, Restless Creatures is the essential guide for understanding how life on Earth was shaped by the simple need to move from point A to point B.
Principles of Animal Locomotion
Author: R. McNeill AlexanderPublisher: Princeton University Press
ISBN: 0691126348
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 384
Book Description
How can geckoes walk on the ceiling and basilisk lizards run over water? What are the aerodynamic effects that enable small insects to fly? What are the relative merits of squids' jet-propelled swimming and fishes' tail-powered swimming? Why do horses change gait as they increase speed? What determines our own vertical leap? Recent technical advances have greatly increased researchers' ability to answer these questions with certainty and in detail. This text provides an up-to-date overview of how animals run, walk, jump, crawl, swim, soar, hover, and fly. Excluding only the tiny creatures that use cilia, it covers all animals that power their movements with muscle--from roundworms to whales, clams to elephants, and gnats to albatrosses. The introduction sets out the general rules governing all modes of animal locomotion and considers the performance criteria--such as speed, endurance, and economy--that have shaped their selection. It introduces energetics and optimality as basic principles. The text then tackles each of the major modes by which animals move on land, in water, and through air. It explains the mechanisms involved and the physical and biological forces shaping those mechanisms, paying particular attention to energy costs. Focusing on general principles but extensively discussing a wide variety of individual cases, this is a superb synthesis of current knowledge about animal locomotion. It will be enormously useful to advanced undergraduates, graduate students, and a range of professional biologists, physicists, and engineers.